Emotional Conflict Resolution Research Articles

Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Resolution in University Students: The Moderating effect of the Need for Power

Introduction. Emotional intelligence and motivation are considered antecedent variables in conflict. Studies show the isolated impact of emotional intelligence on conflict and motivation on conflict, but the integrative impact of emotional intelligence and the need for power on the selection of a conflict resolution style is unknown. Consequently, this study aims to fill this gap and examine how the need for power moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and the dominant conflict resolution style. Method. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 388 Sri Lankan university students (Mage=22). It used simple and moderated multiple regression analysis to evaluate the moderating impact and level of interaction of the need for power on the nexus between emotional intelligence and dominating styles. Results. The results show a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and dominance style. They also provide new evidence on how the need for power moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and dominance style for conflict resolution in university students. Discussion and Conclusion. The study provides new evidence about how the need for power moderates the relationship between emotional intelligence and dominating conflict resolution style in university students.

Chinese young adults' emotion regulation and conflict resolution response profiles, and their associations with perceived partner responsiveness and romantic relationship satisfaction

AbstractInterpersonal conflicts are common in romantic relationships. How to respond and cope with conflicts impacts the romantic relationship process and outcomes. This study examined the heterogeneity of Chinese youth's cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies and conflict resolution responses, as well as their collective influence on individuals' perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) and relationship satisfaction. We recruited 300 Chinese youth who were currently involved in romantic relationships to complete self‐reported measures of CER (reappraisal and suppression), conflict resolution responses in romantic relationships (exit, voice, neglect, and loyalty), PPR, and relationship satisfaction. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify the combined effects of CER and conflict resolution responses, identifying four profiles: releasing, gentle, proactive, and inhibiting. Proactive communicators have significantly higher levels of relationship satisfaction compared to the other three groups and significantly higher levels of PPR compared to individuals in releasing and inhibiting profiles. Individuals in releasing and gentle profiles have significantly higher relationship satisfaction and PPR than individuals in the inhibiting profile. This study uncovered the possible associations between Chinese young adults' emotion regulation and conflict response profiles and romantic relationship process and outcome by adopting the person‐centered approach. We further discussed the practical implications of the findings.

The Relationship Between Family Interaction Quality and Adolescent Mental Health with a Focus on Parental Roles in Reconstituted Families

Adolescence is a critical period of emotional and behavioral development, deeply influenced by family dynamics and structure. This paper examines the relationship between family interaction quality and adolescent mental health, focusing on the roles of parents in reconstituted families. It explores how shifts in parental roles, resulting from remarriage or cohabitation, affect adolescents’ emotional regulation and behavioral outcomes. The study highlights the importance of emotional connectedness, conflict resolution, and family cohesion in shaping adolescent development. It emphasizes the role of family therapy in mitigating the challenges associated with reconstituted families by fostering communication, clarifying roles, and promoting emotional support. Through an analysis of various family structures, the paper underscores the critical impact of supportive parental behaviors and family interventions on adolescent mental health, offering insights for both practitioners and policymakers.

Assessment of relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution among nurse managers at tertiary Health Institutions of North Eastern States of Nigeria

Conflict in health care settings may be effectively managed if nurse managers possess conflict management skills such as reconciliation, listening, and effective communication to bring individuals closer and work together to find fair solutions and meet balanced needs. The study aimed at identifying the relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution among nurse managers at tertiary Health Facilities, in the Northern States of Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to assess the level of emotional intelligence among nurse managers, also to identify the most common types of conflict, determine the causes of conflict, determine the conflict resolution strategies applied by the nurse managers and to identify relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict resolution among nurse managers in tertiary health institutions of North Eastern States. A mixed methods research design (quantitative and qualitative methods) was used. A total of 188 nurse managers and three Head Nursing Services departments formed the sample size. The nurse managers were given structured questionnaires and the Head of the Nursing Services department was interviewed (key informant interview). Three instruments were employed for data collection; Interview Guide, Structured Questionnaire and Participants Demographics Sheet. A simple random sampling technique was used for the study. The obtained data were coded and computed in an SPSS Version 26 and analyzed using percentages, mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics while the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used for the inferential statistics. The result of the study revealed that most of the nurse managers have a fair level of emotional intelligence when dealing with conflict among nurse managers. It also revealed that the most common type of conflict among nurses was related to environmental factors. The working environment was the highest cause of conflict among nurses. Social skill strategy was mostly used in conflict resolution. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship between years of experience and conflict resolution r=0.173. Based on the findings the researcher concluded that most of the respondents highly make use of social awareness in the application of emotional intelligence in conflict resolution, most of the causes of conflict among nurses were related to a working environment, and social skills were mostly used in conflict resolution among nurses. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommended that other sources of conflict management should be identified for nurse managers to manage conflict, nurse managers should use the skills they have to solve problems and conflict management to be part of a school of nursing curriculum.

Perceived Parenting Styles, Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Resolution Styles among Young Adults

Purpose: Parenting styles greatly influence the development of emotional intelligence and conflict resolution styles among young adults since the very early years of their lives. The understanding how parenting styles and emotional intelligence impact conflict resolution styles of young adults has become progressively urgent. The existing study purposes to inspect the relationship between perceived parenting styles, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution styles among young adults. The practical implication of this research will provide the future generations in better upbringing of their children that possess high levels of emotional intelligence. Methodology: The study was carried out in a single phase. The study was quantitative, and it was conducted to assess the perceived parenting styles by young adults including assessing their emotional intelligence and identifying their conflict resolution style. The sample of the study was 280 (M=140, F=140) recruited from different universities in Islamabad, Pakistan. Three scales were used for assessment: The Perceived Parenting Styles Scale (PPSC), The Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) and the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI). Findings: The authoritative parenting style positively correlated with emotional intelligence (r = .47, p < .01) and positive problem-solving (r = .17, p < .01), while negatively relating to conflict engagement (r = -.31, p < .01) and self-protection (r = -.26, p < .01). In contrast, authoritarian and permissive styles were negatively related to emotional intelligence (r = -.13 and r = -.19, respectively) and positively associated with conflict engagement. Males scored higher on emotional intelligence (M = 121.96, SD = 13.73) than females (M = 118.35, SD = 15.87), and PhD students exhibited higher conflict resolution scores than Master's and undergraduate students. These findings highlight the impact of parenting styles on emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills among young adults. Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study is guided by The Social Learning Theory by Bandura (1977) sets that young adults copy ways of behaving gained from their childhood, particularly from their parents. Parenting styles perceived during childhood and adolescence could impact how people approach conflicts and social interactions. Another theory which backs this study is Emotional Intelligence theory by Daniel Goleman suggests that individuals consist of a bunch of skills and abilities that would help them in recognizing, understanding and managing their own self emotions as well as emotions of other people. The study recommends that research be conducted in other demographic regions or on a broader level. The study also recommends that other variables such as personality traits and changes over tine should be considered as well for better outcomes.

Cultural Perceptions, Emotional Intelligence, and Conflict Resolution Abilities of High School Students: A Study on the Influence of Ghanaian Traditional Culture

Significant gaps in understanding perceptions of traditional Ghanaian culture affect secondary school students' emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills. This study was conducted to analyze the influence of conventional Ghanaian culture on students' perceptions of their own culture, as well as how it impacts their emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills in the school setting. To assess these relationships, the study utilized a quantitative research design with partial least squares structural equation modeling. The study targeted a diverse sample of 674 students aged 16-18 from various educational institutions. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings showed that emotional intelligence significantly mediated the relationship between perceptions of traditional culture and conflict resolution skills. This study emphasizes integrating cultural elements into the educational framework to enhance conflict resolution skills. The implications of this study include actionable recommendations for educators and policymakers to develop culturally responsive strategies to encourage more effective conflict management in schools.

Marital Infidelity among Married Couples: Roles of Emotional Intelligence and Narcissistic Personality Traits in Makurdi, Benue State

This study investigated emotional intelligence and narcissistic personality traits as predictors of marital infidelity in Makurdi Metropolis Benue State. Two hundred married couples from the area, who had been married for up to five years (2018 - 2022), participated in this cross-sectional research. The sample consisted of 96 (48%) males and 104 (52%) females, with an average mean age of X=2.64, and standard deviation of SD=.80850. The Brief Emotional Intelligence Scale, Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS), and Marital Infidelity Scale (MIS) were used for data collection. Simple linear and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to test three hypotheses. The results indicated that emotional intelligence significantly predicted marital infidelity among married couples in Makurdi Metropolis [R=.418, R2=174 F (1,194) = 40.973, p<.01]. Similarly, narcissistic personality traits significantly predicted marital infidelity among couples in the same area [R=.418, R2=174 F(1,194) = 40.973, p<.01]. Additionally, the combination of emotional intelligence and narcissistic personality traits had a significant predictive influence on marital infidelity [R = .435, R2 = .189, F(2,187) = 21.627 p<.01]. Based on these findings, it is recommended that couples improve on willingness to communicate - communication skills and understanding of each other’s emotions is very important before making and taking any actions. This can help navigate conflicts and challenges more effectively. Marital Institutions can offer comprehensive pre-marital counselling programs that include discussions on emotional intelligence, conflict resolution, and relationship expectations.

Emotional Intelligence, Conflict Resolution and Self Efficacy among Children of Working and Non-Working Mothers

Adolescents of working and non-working mothers are assessed for emotional intelligence, conflict resolution, and self-efficacy. Developmental features examined a sample of 200. The group was emotionally intelligent, 72–148, M 117.9, SD 15.4. Conflict resolution scores 36 to 54 averaged 45.0 (SD = 3.0), indicating moderate efficacy and low skewness. Average self-efficacy declined from 12 to 66 to 28.6 (SD = 5.7). Adolescents with non-working mothers scored higher on emotional intelligence (M = 121.65, SD = 13.55) than working mothers (M = 114.16, SD = 16.39), with a modest effect size. Adolescents of non-working parents had higher self-efficacy (M = 29.53, SD = 6.12) than working moms (M = 27.81, SD = 5.20) with a small to moderate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.3 Adolescent emotional intelligence and self-efficacy are higher in non-working mothers. Because parental employment influences adolescent development, working women's families need interventions.

Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies among Junior and Senior Uniformed Personnel in Philippine National Police

This study aimed to determine the emotional intelligence and conflict management strategies among junior and senior uniformed personnel of Philippine National Police. This study employed the use of descriptive comparative research design utilizing survey methodology. Research locale was limited Cavite. The respondents were the 50 junior uniformed personnel and 50 senior uniformed personnel in the locale of the study and were selected using random sampling technique. The research instrument in this study was a survey questionnaire adopted from Galman (2021). Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, rank order and One Way Analysis of Variance. The study reveals that senior uniformed personnel have higher emotional intelligence and conflict resolution skills compared to younger personnel. Senior personnel have a better understanding of their own emotions and others', and can better manage stress. They also employ more effective conflict resolution tactics. The study suggests that age and experience may influence emotional intelligence and conflict resolution. The study suggests that company culture can impact conflict management and emotional intelligence. It's crucial to tailor conflict management tactics to each age group and provide training to enhance emotional intelligence. Emphasizing these differences can help foster a more efficient professional environment among uniformed staff.

Examining the reliability of the emotional conflict resolution and adaptation effects in the emotional conflict task via secondary data analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis.

The emotional conflict task measures emotional conflict resolution and adaptation, but some studies are unable to find resolution or adaptation effects using this task. We examined boundary conditions and replicability of the emotional conflict resolution and adaptation effects through secondary data analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis of studies in the field. In our data, we were unable to fully replicate the emotional conflict resolution or adaptation effects and found that most studies using this task (n = 94) do not report analysis of emotional conflict resolution, with only 28% (n = 26) studies doing so. Our meta-analysis suggests that studies reporting emotional conflict resolution and adaptation analyses overall report significant but small effects, suggesting the effect is difficult to consistently replicate. Our meta-analysis revealed that controlling for contingency learning may impact the ability of studies to identify conflict resolution. These findings have implications for assessment and interpretation of the emotional conflict task. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

EEG complexity in emotion conflict task in individuals with psychiatric disorders

Analyzing EEG complexity may help to elucidate complex brain dynamics in individuals with psychiatric disorders and provide insight into neural connectivity and its relationship with deficits such as emotion-related impulsivity. EEG complexity was calculated through multiscale entropy and compared between a heterogeneous psychiatric patient group and a healthy control group during the emotion conflict resolution task. Twenty-eight healthy adults and ten psychiatric patients were recruited and compared on the multiscale entropy of EEG acquired in the task. Our results revealed a lower multiscale entropy in the psychiatric patient group compared to the healthy group during the task. This decrease in multiscale entropy suggests reduced long-range interaction between the left frontal region and other brain regions during the emotion conflict resolution task among psychiatric patients. Notably, a positive correlation was observed between multiscale entropy and impulsivity measures in the psychiatric patient group, where the higher the EEG complexity during the emotion regulation task, the higher the level of self-reported impulsivity in the psychiatric patients. Such impulsivity was evident in both healthy individuals and psychiatric patients, with healthy individuals showing shorter reaction times on incongruent conditions compared to congruent conditions and psychiatric patients displaying similar reaction times in both conditions, This study highlights the significance of investigating EEG complexity and its potential applications in the transdiagnostic exploration of impulsivity in psychiatric disorders.

Exploring the Interplay of Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Resolution Approaches in the IT Industry Workplace

This study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and conflict resolution styles among IT professionals, while also exploring potential gender differences in these factors. A correlational design was employed with 200 participants aged 25-35 working in the IT sector in India. The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test was used to test emotional intelligence, and a questionnaire was used to examine conflict resolution styles. The results revealed a significant negative correlation between EI and conflict resolution scores, indicating that higher EI was associated with lower conflict resolution scores. No significant gender differences were found in either EI or conflict resolution styles. These insights have implications for training programs and organizational practices aimed at fostering positive work environments and effective conflict resolution strategies in the IT industry.

Supplemental Material for Examining the Reliability of the Emotional Conflict Resolution and Adaptation Effects in the Emotional Conflict Task via Secondary Data Analysis, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis

Supplemental Material for Examining the Reliability of the Emotional Conflict Resolution and Adaptation Effects in the Emotional Conflict Task via Secondary Data Analysis, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis

Communication patterns and marital satisfaction: A review of English language discourse in family counseling

Effective communication lies at the heart of marital satisfaction, serving as a pivotal determinant in the success or failure of intimate relationships. This review delves into an in-depth review of English language discourse within the realm of family counseling, focusing on the intricate interplay between communication patterns and marital satisfaction. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this review synthesizes the multifaceted dynamics of communication within marital relationships. It explores the diverse array of communication patterns exhibited by couples, ranging from constructive dialogues characterized by openness, empathy, and active listening, to maladaptive behaviors such as criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling. The impact of these communication patterns on marital satisfaction is scrutinized, elucidating how they influence emotional intimacy, conflict resolution, and overall relationship quality. Moreover, this review highlights the role of family counseling as a crucial intervention in addressing communication challenges within marital dyads. By employing evidence-based techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, emotion-focused therapy, and systemic approaches, counselors aim to facilitate healthy communication patterns and enhance marital satisfaction. The efficacy of various therapeutic strategies in fostering positive relational outcomes is examined, shedding light on the nuances of intervention implementation and client responsiveness. Furthermore, cultural considerations within English language discourse are explored, recognizing the diverse cultural backgrounds and communication styles of couples seeking counseling services. Cultural competence emerges as an essential component in understanding and navigating communication dynamics, ensuring that interventions are tailored to the unique needs and values of diverse clientele. This review underscores the pivotal role of communication patterns in shaping marital satisfaction, underscoring the significance of effective communication skills in fostering resilient and fulfilling relationships. By synthesizing empirical research and clinical insights, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between communication dynamics and marital well-being, thereby informing future research directions and clinical practice in the field of family counseling.

Effects of Cognitive and Physical Load of Acute Exercise on Inhibitory Control and Prefrontal Cortex Hemodynamics in Children.

Evidence suggests that acute exercise benefits inhibitory control, but it remains unclear how physical and cognitive load influence this ability in preadolescent children, when faced with different types of distractors. We examined their moderating effects along with changes in prefrontal cortex hemodynamics. Using a crossover design, 29 participants completed 10 min of exercise (with an interactive training wall) at 1) low physical and low cognitive load, 2) low physical and high cognitive load, 3) high physical and low cognitive load, and 4) high physical and high cognitive load in a randomized order. Before and after each condition, they performed a Standard and Affective Stroop task. During both tasks, the lateral oxygenation difference in the prefrontal cortex was measured by using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. For the Standard Stroop task, there was no effect of physical and cognitive load on performance. In contrast, exercise with low compared with high cognitive load was associated with a greater reduction of reaction time and increase in accuracy on the Affective Stroop task. This was accompanied by a decrease in lateral oxygenation difference on trials with low inhibitory control demands. Acute exercise with low compared with high cognitive demand benefits the ability to resolve emotional conflict, but the control over inhibition of nonemotional information remains unaffected. This effect of cognitive load is complemented by an increased efficiency of the left prefrontal cortex, when no emotional conflict resolution is required.

Zoti's Social Toolkit: Developing and piloting novel animated tasks to assess emotional understanding and conflict resolution skills in childhood.

Current methods used to investigate emotional inference and conflict resolution knowledge are limited in their suitability for use with children with language disorders due to a reliance on language processing. This is problematic, as nearly 8% of the population are estimated to have developmental language disorder (DLD). In this paper, we present 'Zoti's Social Toolkit', a set of animated scenarios that can be used to assess emotion inferencing and conflict resolution knowledge. All animated scenarios contain interpersonal situations centred around a gender-neutral alien named Zoti. Four studies investigated the face and construct validity of the stimuli. The final stimulus set can be used with children, who may or may not have language difficulties and is openly available for use in research.

Role of Spirituality and Religion in Stress Management Among Employees of an Organisation

Stress at work is a common problem with serious repercussions for both workers and organizations. This study examines the factors that contribute to workplace stress among employees and considers how spirituality and religion can help with stress management. It focuses on the Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) Corporate Office in New Delhi. Findings show that workplace stressors include high workloads and interpersonal tensions. Religion and spirituality are helpful coping mechanisms that promote emotional stability, resilience, and conflict resolution. In order to improve employee well-being and productivity, this study highlights the necessity of cultural sensitivity in the workplace and suggests initiatives like stress management programs, flexible work schedules, and conflict resolution training.

Linking tonic and phasic pupil responses to P300 amplitude in an emotional face-word Stroop task.

The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, which regulates arousal levels, is important for cognitive control, including emotional conflict resolution. Additionally, the LC-NE system is implicated in P300 generation. If the P300 is mediated by the LC-NE system, and considering the established correlations between LC activity and pupil dilation, P300 amplitude should correlate with task-evoked (phasic) pupil dilation on a trial-by-trial basis. However, prior studies, predominantly utilizing oddball-type paradigms, have not demonstrated correlations between concurrently recorded task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 responses. Using a recently developed emotional face-word Stroop task that links pupil dilation to the LC-NE system, here, we examined both intra- and inter-individual correlations between task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 amplitude. We found that lower accuracy, slower reaction times, and larger task-evoked pupil dilation were obtained in the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. Furthermore, we observed intra-individual correlations between task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 amplitude, with larger pupil dilation correlating with a greater P300 amplitude. In contrast, pupil dilation did not exhibit consistent correlations with N450 and N170 amplitudes. Baseline (tonic) pupil size also showed correlations with P300 and N170 amplitudes, with smaller pupil size corresponding to larger amplitude. Moreover, inter-individual differences in task-evoked pupil dilation between the congruent and incongruent conditions correlated with differences in reaction time and P300 amplitude, though these effects only approached significance. To summarize, our study provides evidence for a connection between task-evoked pupil dilation and P300 amplitude at the single-trial level, suggesting the involvement of the LC-NE system in P300 generation.

Anger and Stress Management Techniques for Successful Educational Leadership

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an anger and stress management intervention program on school leaders' burnout, stress, anger, and leadership skills. The study utilized a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and collected quantitative data using standardized measures. The study also collected qualitative data through focus group discussions with school leaders at the end of the intervention phase. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, repeated-measures ANOVA, and thematic analysis. The quantitative results showed significant improvements in burnout, stress, anger, and leadership skills among the school leaders who participated in the intervention program. The qualitative findings revealed four main themes: increased self-awareness and emotional regulation, improved communication and conflict resolution skills, enhanced problem-solving and decision-making skills, and improved work-life balance and well-being. The study suggests that anger and stress management interventions can be effective in improving school leaders' well-being and leadership skills. These findings have practical implications for educational institutions and policymakers to implement anger and stress management interventions to support the well-being of school leaders and improve the quality of education

Temporal characteristics of emotional conflict processing: the modulation role of attachment styles

Theoretical account of attachment proposed that individual differences in adult attachment styles play a key role in adjusting balance between affective evaluation and cognitive control. Yet, little is known about the temporal characteristics of emotional conflict processing modulated by attachment styles. Accordingly, the present study used event-related potentials (ERP) and multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) combined with an emotional face-word Stroop task to investigate the temporal dynamics of attachment-related cognitive-affective patterns in emotional conflict processing. The ERP results demonstrated multiple-process of emotional conflict modulated by attachment styles. In early sensory processing, positive faces captured avoidant attachment individuals' attention as reflected in greater P1, while the same situation led to greater N170 in secure and anxious individuals. Crucially, impairment in conflict-monitoring function was found in anxious individuals as reflected by the absence of interference effect on N450, leading to impaired ability of inhibitory control as indicated by decreased slow potential. In contrast, avoidant individuals showed greater slow potential for inhibiting emotional interference. Furthermore, MVPA revealed that the corresponding time window for conflict monitoring was found for emotional distractors decoding rather than congruency decoding in the anxious attachment group. Convergent results from ERPs and MVPA indicated that the deficits in emotional conflict monitoring and resolution among anxious individuals might be due to the excessive approach to emotional distractors, as they habitually use emotional evaluation rather than cognitive control. In summary, the present study provides electrophysiological evidence that attachment styles modulated emotional conflict processing, which highlights the contribution of attachment to social information processing.