Resolution Of Contradictions Research Articles

Building socialism: from ‘scientific’ to ‘active’ Marxism

Historical materialism envisages law-like tendencies (‘scientific’ Marxism) promoting the development of productive forces and, concurrently, a political praxis (‘active’ Marxism) requiring human intervention. These positions give rise to conflicting interpretations of Marxism: first to understand society, second to change it – to abolish economic exploitation. The twentieth century witnessed a shift in the locus of the contradictions of capitalism to the economically dependent territories of the imperial powers. Socialist parties, when in power and adopting a Leninist political praxis, furthered modernisation and were successful in reducing economic exploitation. The paper addresses the relationship between the scientific and praxis components of Marxism in contemporary global capitalism. It considers post-Marxist interpretations of the changing class structure, the rise of identity politics and the evolving nature of capital. Forms of domination, oppression and discrimination (bureaucracy, patriarchy, racism, militarism and credentialism) give rise to their own distinctive forms of power relations. It is contended that they should not be equated with Marx’s crucial insight into the nature of economic exploitation. Many current Marxist (and ‘post-Marxist’) writers adopt a ‘scientific’ position emphasising the inherent contradictions of capitalism. The author claims that without appropriate political praxis, the resolution of such contradictions is unlikely to transcend capitalism.

Observations, Meteorites, and Models: A Preflight Assessment of the Composition and Formation of (16) Psyche.

Some years ago, the consensus was that asteroid (16) Psyche was almost entirely metal. New data on density, radar properties, and spectral signatures indicate that the asteroid is something perhaps even more enigmatic: a mixed metal and silicate world. Here we combine observations of Psyche with data from meteorites and models for planetesimal formation to produce the best current hypotheses for Psyche's properties and provenance. Psyche's bulk density appears to be between 3,400 and 4,100 kg m−3. Psyche is thus predicted to have between ~30 and ~60 vol% metal, with the remainder likely low‐iron silicate rock and not more than ~20% porosity. Though their density is similar, mesosiderites are an unlikely analog to bulk Psyche because mesosiderites have far more iron‐rich silicates than Psyche appears to have. CB chondrites match both Psyche's density and spectral properties, as can some pallasites, although typical pallasitic olivine contains too much iron to be consistent with the reflectance spectra. Final answers, as well as resolution of contradictions in the data set of Psyche physical properties, for example, the thermal inertia measurements, may not be resolved until the NASA Psyche mission arrives in orbit at the asteroid. Despite the range of compositions and formation processes for Psyche allowed by the current data, the science payload of the Psyche mission (magnetometers, multispectral imagers, neutron spectrometer, and a gamma‐ray spectrometer) will produce data sets that distinguish among the models.

Ensuring the accelerated implementation of achievements of selection and seed-producing of potatoes in the conditions of market economy

The article provides a brief overview of the accelerated implementation of the achievements of selection and seed production in a developing market economy. The authors describe the main possible constraints to the spread of the achievements of Russian breeding and seed production using the example of the potato-food subcomplex. Thus, the authors believe that in the new competitive market conditions, the role of breeding, seed growing and accelerating innovation in the potato-food subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is increasing, including the relationship of originators of varieties, seed-growing farms with other horizontal and vertical integrated potato-growing units, export and other structures. Resolution of contradictions between these parties is a necessary condition for successfully overcoming difficulties in the development of domestic selection and seed production.

Of the faculty tact: problems, way of the two

The article highlights issues related to the reform of higher education, which is carried out in the Russian Federation since the 1990s. Its main conditions are to improve the fnancing of universities, upgrade the educational and material base, the transition to new educational standards that meet the requirements of the Bologna process. However, at all times the main value of high school were teachers who know their subject well, are prone to pedagogical activities, masterfully mastering the technology of teaching.The pedagogical tact is an integral part of pedagogical skill. This is the quality of the university teacher, which allows him in all situations of pedagogical practice to apply adequate means of infuence on students, giving the greatest effect and leading to confict-free resolution of contradictions. Teaching tact is also manifested in the ability to manage their feelings, not to lose their composure, emotional poise combined with high integrity, discipline and humane attitude towards students.

Activity‐based analysis of sociotechnical change

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce activity‐based analysis (ABA) for explaining and learning about sociotechnical system change at the societal function level. The analysis is based on a novel conceptualization of sociotechnical systems as activity systems, and change as result of the resolution of contradictions that develop within and between activities carried out for the fulfilment of societal functions. We develop ABA for the specific domain and employ it in the construction of a narrative explanation of the evolution of the food/nutrition sociotechnical system from the institutionalization of processed food to the emergence of medical nutrition.

Зарубіжний досвід правового регулювання депозитарної та клірингової діяльності на фондовому ринку

Стаття присвячена вивченню зарубіжного досвіду правового регулювання депозитарної та клірингової діяльності на фондовому ринку, здійснено аналіз складу власників центральних депозитаріїв цінних паперів у країнах ЄС, звернуто увагу на основну проблему щодо врегулювання депозитарної та клірингової діяльності між Європейським Союзом та Сполученим Королівством Євросоюзу, яка виникла під час підготовки до офіційного виходу Великобританії з Євросоюзу, так званий Брекзіт (Brexit), що відбувся 29 березня 2019 року, виокремлено позитивний зарубіжний досвід Німеччини та Польщі у цій сфері та можливості напряму його імплементації в Україні.

“Old” and “New” Trust in Higher Education

Introduction.Today, the crisis of modern higher school and processes of its modernisation are followed by the crisis of institutional, inter-community and interpersonal trust, which has remained a fundamental basis of a high school system of vocational education for a very long time. The need to preserve trust as a fundamental basis and source of development of Russian higher education requires the study of its structural characteristics and understanding of the resource potential of trust by representatives of educational communities.The aimof the research was the sociological substantiation of actualisation in higher education of the old resource properties of trust and the emergence of new ones associated with the prospects of transition to a non-linear model of higher education.Methodology and research methods.The publication presents the results of theoretical and empirical sociological research, implemented with the use of theoretical positions and methodological principles of community and resource approaches, the theory of non-linear development of society. The empirical study was conducted using a mix strategy based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, expert interviews, semi-formalised interview, focus-groups, content analysis and the method of secondary analysis of sociological data.Results and scientific novelty.The authors’ interpretation of the phenomenon of “old” and “new” trust in Russian higher education is presented. The novelty of the authors’ approach was to consider the problem of higher education not only within the framework of “educational” problems, but also in the broad context of social and socio-cultural changes, meaning the transition to a “liquid” postmodern society. The mobilisation possibilities for the constructive resolution of contradictions existing at the levels of institutional and inter-community relations and interactions in universities are shown. Practical significance. The research results have a positive significance not only for enrichment of the theory of higher education and social knowledge of non-material resources of its development. They are important to design various academic practical experience oriented on the use of resource properties of trust with a view to developing the social and human capital of high school communities as well as to elaborate new social technologies for managing the processes of trust formation in the university.

Social Inversions and Education

The article focuses on hierarchical and inverse relations in social systems. Hierarchy is the basic form of organization in social systems. Complex hierarchies have the ability to form inverse relationships. Inverse relationships occur when the lower element in social hierarchy becomes the dominant, but formally remains in a subordinate position. In a hierarchical system, there are certain organizational principles that determine the mutual position of the elements. There are several such principles in complex hierarchies. Inversions arise when two or more organizational principles collide in social hierarchy. The developed inversions are a manifestation of internal contradictions in the hierarchical system. The accumulation of these contradictions can lead to the collapse of the hierarchical system. For example, the development of social inversions can cause a revolution in which certain organizational principles in the social system are abolished. But in some cases, resolving of these contradictions leads to another step in the progressive development of the system. Thus, the resolution of contradictions occurs when the subject actually moves to a higher position in the social hierarchy. One of the most important organizational principles that determine the position of the subject in the social hierarchy is based on the educational level of this subject. Increasing the level of education entails the increase of the subject’s social status. However, the position of the subject in the social hierarchy is also determined by other organizational principles. These principles may conflict with the educational organizational principle. As a result, there is a social inversion. Education is a factor that can both generate inversions in the social hierarchy and eliminate them. The development of society is closely connected with the manifestations of the educational organizational principle, with its interaction with other organizational principles in the social hierarchy. The analysis of inverse relations in social hierarchies is an effective research tool that allows to predict and prevent social tension in society.

A közügyek vitáinak szabadsága és a magánélet védelméről szóló 2018. évi LIII. törvény

The interpretation of personality rights and the relevant provisions of the Civil Code have gained momentum as a result of the decisions adopted by the Constitutional Court and regular courts in recent years related to the freedom of speech, specifically in discussions of public affairs. It would not be an exaggeration to claim that the number of important decisions taken during this period exceeded those made between 1994 and 2014, a span of twenty years. The significant number of constitutional complaints raised indicates a similar intensity in the near future, which one hopes will lead to the cementing of constitutional principles and the resolution of contradictions in their application. Discussions of public affairs continue to enjoy a broad degree of freedom, and the case law under the aegis of the Civil Code has been extremely helpful in defining the scope of this freedom. With regard to questions of detail, no long-term conclusions may be drawn, due to the rapid changes in this area and legislative efforts as recently as the summer of 2018, but the main criteria needed to strike a balance between the protection of personality rights, and the freedom of the debate of public affairs have already been identified, and the principles applicable to decisions made in individual cases are available in a solid and mature form with a sufficient degree of detail. The category of public affairs is to be interpreted broadly, whereby the public figure is an important category, but it is of secondary importance compared to the category of public affairs, and where the differentiation between statements of fact and statements of opinion is to be treated in a flexible way, and the threshold of tolerance of those concerned is clear from the case law of the Constitutional Court.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕТЕРМИНАНТЫ ВНУТРИЛИЧНОСТНОГО КОНФЛИКТА В ТРУДАХ КАРЕН ХОРНИ

Цель. Данная статья посвящена теоретическому обзору трудов Карен Хорни. В работе рассматривается проблема внутриличностного конфликта с позиций социокультурной концепции. В предложенной статье раскрывается специфика возникновения, протекания и разрешения внутренних противоречий личности, которая была выявлена К. Хорни.Метод или методология проведения работы. Главными методами предложенной работы является теоретический анализ, синтез и обобщение основных положений теории личности К. Хорни.Результаты. В качестве результатов теоретического анализа выступают выводы о факторах и механизмах возникновения внутренних конфликтов личности.Область применения результатов. Обращение к трудам Карен Хорни позволяет сформировать теоретические основы дальнейшего эмпирического исследования проблемы внутриличностного конфликта личности в современном контексте.

Activity theory analysis of the virtualisation of teaching and teaching environment in a developing country university

This study aims to understand how a developing country higher education institution (HEI) attempted to digitalise teaching. The Internet has disrupted the traditional teaching environment and teaching practices leading to the migration from physical face-to-face teaching to online teaching changing the work environment of the teacher. Information systems literature has examined the academic environment of HEIs from student’s perspective in a virtual learning environment but not from the instructor’s perspective in a teaching work environment. How the teaching work environment can be virtualised has not also been widely explored. Using activity theory and an interpretive case study approach data was obtained from interviews, documents and participant observation. Using hermeneutics as the mode of analysis the findings reveal how tools: an open source technology and rules are modified through the resolution of contradictions to suit developing country context of the HEI. The study provides practitioners insights on how emerging contradictions in tools, implementers and rules in a teaching work environment virtualisation can be used as an avenue for development. It also offers insight into how HEIs can migrate their physical teaching environment to online.

Optimization of the Management Process in Conditions of the Political Space Transformation: Methodology of Conflict Analysis

The problematic area of this article relates to the current direction of research searching for optimal management tools in the context of global changes in the geopolitical and economic space, as well as large-scale migration. The existing conditions have an extremely high conflict-generating potential, which requires the development of effective tools to stabilize and monitor the situation, to seek ways of civilized resolution of conflicts and contradictions.
 The purpose of the article is the identification of mechanisms for optimizing the management process in the context of the transformation of the conflict political space. The authors of the article suggest an innovative approach to the analysis of the phenomenon of transformation of political space at the superstructure level, using a conflict paradigm, as well as systemic and structural-functional approaches. For a productive way of studying management technologies in the context of the transformation of political space, a frame analysis is proposed that allows observing the dynamics of events, including the results of management practices, in the form of a temporary event matrix and a generalized scheme of interpretations by the observer.
 The article presents in detail the well-known and new scientific directions dealing with the problems of effective political management, the optimization of the mechanisms for political decision-making, diagnosis, resolution and prevention of conflicts in the socio-economic, ethno-political and other areas, through a comprehensive analysis of the conflictogenesis of a modern socio-political subject. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the political-administrative elite, the mass media determine the thematization of political-administrative discourse, the dominance in the political media space and the replication of new meanings and symbols. Mechanisms for optimizing the management process, therefore, should be based on developing technologies for managing political risks and emerging spontaneous changes, taking into consideration the presence of unregulated, natural, yet reportable interactions in the sphere of politics, economics and social communications.

Contradictions as Drivers for Improving Inclusion in Teaching Pupils with Special Educational Needs

The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of the contradictions that arise in the drive to improve teaching practices among pupils with special educational needs (SENs). A questionnaire was administrated to 167 classroom teachers, subject teachers, special education teachers and teaching assistants in Finland. The analysis, based on thematic coding and analysis of manifestations of contradictions, revealed contradictions related to artefacts of teaching, participation in the community and school staff’s professional ability to teach SEN pupils in mainstream. Four types of manifestations, namely conflicts, critical conflicts, dilemmas, and double binds, could be identified in the data. Focusing the improvement of inclusive practices on all pupils calls for the collective resolution of contradictions and the development of tools and models that facilitate the educational change.

Категория развития как основа психолого-педагогических исследований образования

The article dwells on the fundamental problem of a person’s psychological development within the joint activity context. The starting point for the author are L.S. Vygotsky’s and D.B. Elkonin’s positions on the source and conditions of development, its psychological mechanism determining the internal dynamic of development. The article presents a systemic view of development as an objective process thus providing the opportunity to specify D.B. Elkonin’s position represented in his conception of child’s development stages periodization. The “dual” character of a subject’s mode of activity is outlined. It means that in the course of joint activity it always finds its realization within the subject’s system of relations by way of the subject’s modes of actions thus providing the possibility to avoid the disruption between motivational (personal) and operational technical (object-oriented) domains of activity still characteristic for the present-day psychology views. The psychological mechanism of a subject activity development is considered as resolution of contradictions that emerge in the course of his involvement into the new forms of joint activity, which demands the respective changes of the modes of actions previously formed which in its turn causes the transformation of the subject’s relations system. It is claimed that in the course of joint activity the concrete modes of the subject’s actions at every stage of his development cease to correspond to the system of his relations being formed thus leading to the transformation of the activity motivational base that determine these modes development.

MENTAL IMAGE ENGINEERING, CREATIVE PROBLEMS, EMOTIONAL EVALUATIONS

This paper describes some results in the development and reflection of creative thinking and intuition of a specialist in the field of artificial intelligence systems. Problems of Jmage engineering, including the elicitation of main differences between image and concept; in particular, between image-based and concept-based mechanisms of information processing (problem solving) are considered. The leading role of neural networks and fuzzy models in the computer implementation of creative thinking is shown. The nature of creative tasks, characterized by the identification and resolution of contradictions in the conditions of the tasks being solved, is considered. A special attention is paid to the role of intuition and emotions in solving creative problems. Such important functions of emotions as instrument of behavior control, tools of activating creative resources and evaluation mechanism (an intra-systemic critic) are revealed. The algebra of emotions is introduced that allows us to calculate the sign and magnitude of a complex emotion by using simple operations over its components. A binary tree of emotions is built on the basis of reflexive estimates. The novelty of the paper is related to the algebra of emotions, entropic models of emotional states characteristics and the construction of emotion tree viewed as a way of specifying secondary human emotions by evaluating the performance of other people.

Protected cytoskeletal-related proteins: Towards a resolution of contradictions regarding the role of the cytoskeleton in cancer.

Initial reports of the role of the cytoskeleton in cancer indicated that tumor cells with a more disorganized cytoskeleton were more tumorigenic. These reports were based on stains for the F-actin cytoskeleton, for example, using phalloidin or anti-F-actin antibody reagents, and gave a basic impression of F-actin-based cytoskeletal integrity. Later developments emphasized the significance of the cytoskeletal elements in cell migration, presumably associated with either basement membrane invasion or metastasis, or both, with several specific proteins implicated in the formation of cell invadopodia. With the advent of genomics approaches, it has become clear that cytoskeletal related proteins are indeed common targets of mutagenesis in cancer and commonly rank among the most mutated proteins in cancers, presumably due to large coding region sizes and the significant stochastic component to human mutagenesis. This cytoskeletal genomics result is consistent with the loss of cytoskeleton integrity as a hallmark of tumor development, but raises the question of whether such mutational sensitivity relates to the migration and invadopodia aspects of tumor progression. In the present study, the authors report that it is possible to identify a set of cytoskeletal related proteins protected from mutation, in comparison to the commonly mutated cytoskeleton related proteins in certain, but not all cancer, datasets.

Making Sense of Divides and Disconnects in a Preservice Teacher Education Program

This study’s purpose was to make sense of divides and disconnects in a teacher education program that included university-based courses combined with school-based field experiences. The study took place in Québec, Canada, which has the longest practicum of all provinces and programs designed to develop professional autonomy and competency. Data collection relied on documents, interviews, surveys, and focus groups with 44 preservice teachers along with field supervisors and instructors. Analysis relied on cultural historical activity theory and its principle of contradictions. Findings revealed that contradictions resulted in unintended and unfavourable outcomes such as teacher candidates feeling unprepared and untouched by the program. Resolution of contradictions may be realized through expansion of the division of labour to include more peer and self-assessment and through expansion of tools to support boundary crossing between theory, practice, schools, and university. Keywords: Preservice teacher education; cultural historical activity theory; contradictions; school-university partnerships; divides and disconnects

Problems And Tasks Of Pedagogical Science Of Ukraine: Axiological Approach

The article substantiates the problem of transformation of human personality as the primary goal of the information technology activities of the educational system. The author carries out an analytical review of the modern paradigms of the educational system of contemporary Ukraine. The concepts of "identity" and"education"are analyzed. The article considers the concept of "oswell" as the direction of integrated cognition of the world, a way of creative search in resolution of contradictions between formal and informal education aimed at the development of the theory of educational activities, Itacolomi methodology, innovative ortechnology of module-developing education and mass socio-psychological experiment. The main stages of oswell development are defined. The author clarifies the value of self-improvement in the process of transformation of human personality. He substantiates the idea that self-education and self actualization are the major essential components of professional improvement of a specialist in any field.

Development and Instruction Relationship: Reconsidering the Issue

The main subject of this paper is the issue of child’s development and its relation with instruction. Analyzing Vygotsky’s views on the problems meant by the issue the author justifies the necessity of some reconsideration. It mostly concerns the positions of some Vygotsky’s interpreters on the major factors determining development, instruction is among them. The terminological value of “instruction” is discussed in this connection as well as the forms of “pedagogically oriented” approach to development. Analyzing child’s joint activity with others as a factor of development the author represents his view on psychological mechanisms of development based on a resolution of contradictions objectively rising in a child’s joint activity. These are the contradictions between the modes of actions created by the child and his system of relations at the given period. Psychologically it is expressed in the changes of motivation directed to transforming either the child’s relations system or his modes of action. Some conclusions are made concerning the practice of instruction. It is supposed that the “developing” effect of instruction is determined by not so much its “technology” but by its adequateness to the motivational priorities of a child at a certain stage of his development.

Building Pedagogical Leadership Knowledge in Early Childhood Education

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A research and development project that trialled a coaching and mentoring methodology with pedagogical leaders in early childhood settings in Aotearoa New Zealand. The methodology, which drew on ‘third-generation’ cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) was taught to leaders who were coached and mentored to use it as a mediating tool to identify connections between everyday leadership tensions and systemic contradictions (as identified within CHAT). The paper elaborates on the way in which participants came to understand the centre as an activity system and learned to ‘play the system’ rather than the person in the exploration and resolution of contradictions. They did so through engaging in productive change conversations with colleagues within their workplace settings. The paper concludes by confirming the potential of CHAT as a tool for building pedagogical leadership capacity through using tension and/or conflicting views as starting points in developing shared meanings and practices.