Conflict Resolution Research Articles

Violent Extremism: Work Stories of Women Police Officers in a Mobile Force Company in Eastern Philippines

This study delved into the work experiences of women police officers assigned in mobile force companies in the entirety of Samar. Criticized for its underperforming economy due to insurgent threats, this district provided a backdrop for exploring the role of women police officers in counter-insurgency programs. The research employed a phenomenological, qualitative approach to uncover deeper insights.This study used phenomenological research design. Ten (10) women police officers from various areas in Samar, including Allen, Pambujan, Calbayog, Catbalogan, Dolores and Quinapondan were chosen as informants. These officers, with a minimum of two years of experience, were selected from the Samar provincial police records.Interviews were conducted and recorded using a smartphone application, ensuring detailed and accurate transcriptions. Most responses were in English, with a small portion in the local dialect, which was translated for clarity.The study identified nine emergent themes: Community Engagement and Trust, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Community Resilience and Peacebuilding, Mental Health and Resilience, Gender Dynamics and Cultural Sensitivity, Operational Challenges and Adaptation, Personal Growth, Professional Development and Strategic and Tactical Innovation and Women's Leadership and Empowerment . These themes highlighted the importance of of the role of women police officers between the police and community, acknowledged the risks in implementing counter-insurgency programs, and noted the challenges of funding and aligning with government initiatives. The officers expressed continuous effort and aspiration in their roles, emphasizing the need for recognition in the role of women police officers.

Resolution of Agrarian Conflicts on Plantation Land through Restorative Justice in Indonesia

Resolution of Agrarian Conflicts on Plantation Land through Restorative Justice in Indonesia

Efficiency-Based Airport Ground Conflict Detection and Resolution: Integrating Stand Hold Strategy with Constrained Position Shifting

Efficiency-Based Airport Ground Conflict Detection and Resolution: Integrating Stand Hold Strategy with Constrained Position Shifting

AI and Machine Learning in International Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution

The role of incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in International Diplomacy and conflict resolution has the ability to revolutionize the current processes. The current paper aims at reviewing the future responsibilities of these technologies in improving diplomacy and forecasting wars. Thus, scrutinizing selected successful cases of AI use in diplomacy, and the possibilities of ML in conflict areas. The paper also covers the ethical issues and the possible developments of Artificial Intelligence in the sphere of diplomacy of various states. The conclusions stress the essential role of AI and ML in creating a more favorable external environment in order to reduce conflicts.

Adaptive edge security framework for dynamic IoT security policies in diverse environments

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has introduced significant cybersecurity challenges, particularly at the network edge where IoT devices operate. Traditional security policies designed for static environments fall short of addressing the dynamic, heterogeneous, and resource-constrained nature of IoT ecosystems. Existing dynamic security policy models lack versatility and fail to fully integrate comprehensive risk assessments, regulatory compliance, and AI/ML (artificial intelligence/machine learning)-driven adaptability. We develop a novel adaptive edge security framework that dynamically generates and adjusts security policies for IoT edge devices. Our framework integrates a dynamic security policy generator, a conflict detection and resolution in policy generator, a bias-aware risk assessment system, a regulatory compliance analysis system, and an AI-driven adaptability integration system. This approach produces tailored security policies that adapt to changes in the threat landscape, regulatory requirements, and device statuses. Our study identifies critical security challenges in diverse IoT environments and demonstrates the effectiveness of our framework through simulations and real-world scenarios. We found that our framework significantly enhances the adaptability and resilience of IoT security policies. Our results demonstrate the potential of AI/ML integration in creating responsive and robust security measures for IoT ecosystems. The implications of our findings suggest that dynamic and adaptive security frameworks are essential for protecting IoT devices against evolving cyber threats, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards, and maintaining the integrity and availability of IoT services across various applications.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING LEADERSHIP IN FOREIGN RESOURCES

Teaching leadership skills involves more than just using effective methods and techniques; it also requires having a thorough understanding of the psychological theories that explain human behavior, focusing on key elements like self-awareness, motivation, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution. The article examines foreign research studies on successful psychological techniques for teaching leadership in higher education. It embraces the importance of developing effective leadership programs, the role of experiential and collaborative learning, development of ethical learning environments and learning opportunities. The significance of a psychologically informed approach to education is highlighted by the necessity for educators to understand the psychological concepts, such as motivation, social dynamics, and cognitive development, that shape instructional practices.

Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of School Management Teams’ Strategies on Conflict Resolution in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Arusha District, Tanzania

Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of School Management Teams’ Strategies on Conflict Resolution in Public and Private Secondary Schools in Arusha District, Tanzania

Dynamics of Organisational Change: Resistance, Readiness, and the Road Ahead

In today's rapidly changing and competitive business landscape, organizations are constantly forced to innovate to maintain success within their industries (Bagrationi, 2022). Resistance to change is often seen as a conscious and active choice of employees against proposed changes based on various prerequisites and motives (Oreg & Vakola and Armenakis, 2011). The purpose of this research is to explore approaches to resistance to change and readiness for change in terms of their differences. The following research questions were raised during the study: 1) What areas of research exist in the scientific discourse regarding attitudes towards change? and 2) What distinguishes understanding resistance from understanding non-readiness for change in these studies? To answer these questions, a bibliometric analysis was conducted of all English-language articles published in the journals of the first quartile (Q1) in the period from 1948 to 2022 in the category «Management, Business and Accounting», with an emphasis on attitudes to organizational change. The co-citation analysis was incorporated to narrow the sample from 21,162 articles to the most significant 258 articles. With the help of thematic analysis four main areas of research related to resistance to change and readiness for change were identified: 1) the «individual psychological» stream, 2) the «group» stream, 3) the «institutional and strategic» stream and 4) the «agency» stream. Our findings indicate that the bases for resistance to change and readiness for change are fundamentally distinct. This research underscores the variance in strategies for addressing resistance to change versus a lack of readiness for change. Tackling resistance to change is a reactive process that necessitates dynamic engagement by leadership, involving transformational actions, support for staff, and conflict resolution. This stands in contrast to the proactive fostering of change readiness, which primarily involves educating and informing employees.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MEDIATION IN EDUCATION

This article explores the psychological aspects of mediation within educational settings, focusing on how psychological factors influence the effectiveness of conflict resolution. The study highlights the significance of emotions, cognitive biases, and interpersonal dynamics in the mediation process. It examines key psychological theories relevant to mediation, the role of emotional intelligence, and the impact of cognitive processes on conflict outcomes. The article also discusses practical strategies for enhancing mediation practices through psychological training and interventions, supported by case studies and real-life examples. The findings emphasize the importance of integrating psychological insights into mediation to improve outcomes in educational environments. Future research directions are proposed to further understand and optimize the psychological dimensions of educational mediation.

Forgiveness, Moral Disengagement, and Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Young Social Activists in Hong Kong

Social movements may bring positive social changes. However, escalated levels of violence and delinquency in some campaigns caused public concerns about infringing personal rights and destroying public property. In modern societies, we encourage mutual respect, peace, and appropriate conflict resolutions and avoid the use of aggression across situations. This cross-sectional study examined forgiveness, moral disengagement, and reactive and proactive aggression among different types of young social activists in Hong Kong. Findings would provide insights into intervention strategies for reducing aggressive behaviors in young people and helping them restore their quality of life. Our participants were 1046 local secondary school and tertiary students (583 males and 463 females) aged 12 to 25 years (M = 16.95, SD = 3.29). They completed a questionnaire about their participation in local campaigns, with psychological measures of forgiveness, moral disengagement, and aggression. The respondents were then divided into three categories: non-activists (NA), moderate activists (MA), and activists with delinquent/violent action (ADA). ANOVAs were used to examine the differences between these three types of social activists. Results indicated that ADA reported using more reactive and proactive aggression than NA, and MA reported using more reactive but not proactive aggression than NA. ADA had significantly higher levels of moral disengagement overall than NA and MA. Regarding forgiveness, both ADA and MA had significantly lower levels of absence of negative than NA. Implications for psychotherapy, education, and social policies will be discussed.

Enhancing air traffic control: A transparent deep reinforcement learning framework for autonomous conflict resolution

Rising traffic demands, advancements in automation, and communication breakthroughs are opening new design frontiers for future air traffic controllers (ATCs). This article introduces a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller to support conflict resolution in autonomous free flight. While DRL has made significant strides in this domain, there is scant focus in existing research on the explainability and safety of DRL controllers, especially their robustness against adversarial attacks. To tackle these concerns, we have engineered a fully transparent DRL framework that: (i) separates the intertwined Q-value learning model into distinct modules for safety-awareness and efficiency (target attainment); and (ii) incorporates data from nearby intruders directly, thereby obviating the need for central control. Our simulated experiments demonstrate that this bifurcation of safety-awareness and efficiency not only enhances performance in free flight control tasks but also substantially boosts practical explainability. Moreover, the safety-oriented Q-learning component offers detailed insights into environmental risk factors. To assess resilience against adversarial attacks, we present a novel attack strategy that induces both safety-centric and efficiency-centric disruptions. This adversary aims to degrade safety/efficiency by targeting the agent at select time intervals. Our experimental results reveal that this targeted approach can provoke as many collisions as a uniform attack strategy — that is, attacking at every opportunity — while engaging the agent four times less frequently, shedding light on the potential and limitations of DRL in future ATC system designs. The source code is available to the public at https://github.com/WLeiiiii/Gym-ATC-Attack-Project.

The Importance of Sharia Business Ethics in Creating a Tolerant and Peaceful Economic Environment

This study explores the importance of implementing Sharia business ethics in creating a tolerant and peaceful economic environment, especially in the context of a multicultural global society. Sharia business ethics offers universal principles such as justice, transparency, and fair conflict resolution, which focus not only on achieving economic profit but also on promoting social harmony and common welfare. By emphasizing the values of tolerance and diversity, which are integral parts of Islamic teachings, this study shows that implementing Sharia principles can have a significant positive impact on economic development. This implementation, if supported by education, training, and strengthening individual capacity, has the potential to create a stable, trustworthy, and inclusive business environment. In addition, Sharia business ethics can serve as a comprehensive guide in building a just, harmonious, and tolerant society. Thus, this study confirms that Sharia business ethics is not just a set of rules, but a comprehensive approach to achieving economic and social justice in a global society.

Creating a Culture of Leadership in Physical Education: Strategies for Empowering Student Athletes

The objective of this research was to analyze the leadership abilities of student-athletes and determine the efficacy of leadership development programs used by schools in the field of physical education and sports. The study included a cohort of student-athletes from five universities in Hunan Province, classified according to their gender and participating sport. A custom-designed questionnaire, verified for its reliability and clarity, was used to collect data on the perceived leadership abilities in six specific areas: goal setting, communication, motivation, decision-making, adaptability, and conflict resolution. The results indicated that the general leadership abilities of student-athletes were assessed as "less apparent," with notable variations in perception depending on gender and sport. Specifically, male players and those participating in tennis reported having superior leadership capabilities. Furthermore, the research revealed that the efficacy of schools' leadership development initiatives, such as education and training, mentorship programs, team-building activities, leadership opportunities, community involvement, and cultural and diversity awareness, was generally assessed as "not effectively executed." Substantial variations in these evaluations were also seen depending on gender and sport, underscoring possible program structure and availability discrepancies. A robust positive correlation was found between student-athletes' perceived leadership abilities and the efficacy of leadership development initiatives, suggesting that effectively designed programs may significantly augment leadership capabilities.

Human-machine plan conflict and conflict resolution in a visual search task

With rapid technological development, humans are more likely to cooperatively work with intelligence systems in everyday life and work. Similar to interpersonal teamwork, the effectiveness of human-machine teams is affected by conflicts. Some human-machine conflict scenarios occur when neither the human nor the system was at fault, for example, when the human and the system formulated different but equally effective plans to achieve the same goal. In this study, we conducted two experiments to explore the effects of human-machine plan conflict and the different conflict resolution approaches (human adapting to the system, system adapting to the human, and transparency design) in a computer-aided visual search task. The results of the first experiment showed that when conflicts occurred, the participants reported higher mental load during the task, performed worse, and provided lower subjective evaluations towards the aid. The second experiment showed that all three conflict resolution approaches were effective in maintaining task performance, however, only the transparency design and the human adapting to the system approaches were effective in reducing mental load and improving subjective evaluations. The results highlighted the need to design appropriate human-machine conflict resolution strategies to optimize system performance and user experience.

CUSTOMARY LAND GOVERNANCE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION AMONG THE DEBNE AND WEIMA AFAR CLANS, NORTHEAST ETHIOPIA

This study is based on three months of fieldwork among the Debne and Weima Afar clans in Amibara woreda (district), Afar National Regional State (ANRS), Ethiopia, which was conducted in three rounds in 2016, 2018 and 2022. The purpose of the study is to explore the customary organisational structure and the rules and regulations employed by the local communities in managing natural resources on their rangelands as well as in resolving conflicts. While the clan system provides the basis for the Afar social and political organisation, claims to land are made at subclan and lineage levels. The formal administration largely functions using the clan structure, as it has more legitimacy than the state itself. Given the infrastructural limitations and legitimacy deficits of the government in the region, this paper argues that the clan system continues to play a dominating role when it comes to social organisation, resource management and conflict resolution. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ .

The role of cardiac acoustic biomarkers in monitoring patients with heart failure: A systematic literature review.

Heart failure (HF) creates a considerable clinical, humanistic and economic burden on patients and caregivers as well as on healthcare systems. To attenuate the significant burden of HF, there is a need for enhanced management of patients with HF. The use of digital tools for remote non-invasive monitoring of heart parameters is gaining traction, and cardiac acoustic biomarkers (CABs) have been proposed as a complementary set of measures to assess heart function alongside traditional methods such as electrocardiogram and echocardiography. We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate associations between CABs and HF outcomes. Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched for recent studies published between 2013 and 2023 that evaluated CABs in patients with HF. Additional grey literature (i.e., conference, congress and pre-print publications from January 2021 to May 2023) searches were included. Two reviewers independently examined all articles; a third resolved conflicts. Data were extracted from articles meeting inclusion criteria. Extracted studies underwent quality and bias assessments using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. In total, 3074 records were screened, 73 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 27 publications were included. Third heart sound (S3) and electromechanical activation time (EMAT) were the CABs most often reported in the literature for monitoring HF. Fifteen publications discussed changes in S3 characteristics and its role in HF detection or outcomes: six studies highlighted S3 assessment among various groups of patients with HF; four studies evaluated the strength or amplitude of S3 with clinical outcomes; five studies assessed the relationship between S3 presence and clinical outcomes; and one study assessed both S3 presence and amplitude in relation to HF clinical outcomes. Eleven publications reported on EMAT and its derivatives: five studies on the relationship between EMAT and HF and six studies on the association of EMAT and HF clinical outcomes. Studies reporting the first and fourth heart sound, left ventricular ejection time and systolic dysfunction index were limited. Published literature supported S3 and EMAT as robust CAB measures in HF that may have value in remote clinical monitoring and management of patients with HF. Additional studies designed to test the predictive power of these CABs, and others less well-characterized, are needed. This work was funded by Astellas Pharma Inc.

Correlation between the Methods of Legal Regulation in the Political Party Legislation of Russia

The legal methods for regulating political party relations in Russia were analyzed using formal logical, systematic, institutional, and hermeneutic approaches. The Russian constitutional law employs the mixed method, which underpins the constitutionalization of political parties. In contrast, the prevailing imperative method emphasizes the administrative and legal foundations of the standards that define the rights and obligations of political parties. In turn, the interplay of the imperative and mixed methods in the Russian political party law has resulted in covert obligations for political parties, which are also their subjective rights. However, not all rights of political parties align with the concept of subjective rights as developed in constitutional and legal doctrine. The results obtained suggest that the current constitutional legislation in Russia is abstract, impeding a clear understanding of the rights and obligations of political parties. By exploring the doctrinal approaches, the strategies for recognizing the methods of legal regulation were singled out, depending on the interests protected by the analyzed legal standards. Thus, the specific methods of private and public law were identified, which, with the institution of political parties as an example, explain the complex nature of most legal standards. Taken together, these standards outline a complex variety of legal means to influence political party relations. Therefore, being crosssectoral, the political party standards facilitate the resolution of conflicts in law enforcement that arise in constitutional, party, electoral, and administrative legislation.

The Role of Tafarkin Tsira Islamic Center Azare on Community Service Delivery: A Focus on Marriage Counseling

This article examines the TafarkinTsira Islamic Center Azare's extensive marriage counseling programs, which are based on Islamic principles and specially designed to cater to the various requirements of the neighborhood's Muslim population. Pre-marital, post-marital, and conflict resolution counseling are all provided by the center, with an emphasis on teaching couples about their rights and responsibilities, encouraging open communication, and mediating disputes between spouses. Through the use of content analysis, interviews, and a review of prior reports, the activity employs a qualitative methodology to demonstrate how these services have improved community well-being overall, decreased divorce rates, and contributed significantly to marital stability. The activity findings revealed that TafarkinTsira Islamic Center promotes solid and healthy marriages through its counseling programs, which are the cornerstone of stable families and a cohesive community. These services have an effect on more than just a couple; they also help the larger community by fostering social peace, financial stability, and mental health. The importance of religious organizations like TafarkinTsira in tackling social issues and assisting the community by providing faith-based counsel is highly recommended.

Story Recall in Peer Conflict Resolution Discourse Task to Identify Older Adults Testing Within Range of Cognitive Impairment.

The current study used behavioral measures of discourse complexity and story recall accuracy in an expository discourse task to distinguish older adults testing within range of cognitive impairment according to a standardized cognitive screening tool in a sample of self-reported healthy older adults. Seventy-three older adults who self-identified as healthy completed an expository discourse task and neuropsychological screener. Discourse data were used to classify participants testing within range of cognitive impairment using multiple machine learning algorithms and stability analysis for identifying reliably predictive features in an effort to maximize prediction accuracy. We hypothesized that a higher rate of pronoun use and lower scores on story recall would best classify older adults testing within range of cognitive impairment. The highest classification accuracy exploited a single variable in a remarkably intuitive way: using 66% story recall as a cutoff for cognitive impairment. Forcing this decision tree model to use more features or increasing its complexity did not improve accuracy. Permutation testing confirmed that the 77% accuracy and 0.18 Brier skill score achieved by the model were statistically significant (p < .00001). These results suggest that expository discourse tasks that place demands on executive functions, such as working memory, can be used to identify aging adults who test within range of cognitive impairment. Accurate representation of story elements in working memory is critical for coherent discourse. Our simple yet highly accurate predictive model of expository discourse provides a promising assessment for easy identification of cognitive impairment in older adults. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26543824.

Managerial Negotiation and Conflict Resolution on Banking Sector of Kathmandu Valley: Evidence from Structural Equation Modelling

Background: Conflict is an inevitable aspect of any organization, including the banking sector, where disagreements between parties, such as between superiors and subordinates, are common. Effective negotiation is often key to resolving these disputes, ensuring mutual satisfaction through discussion and compromise. Objective: This study aims to critically evaluate the negotiation strategies used by management in the commercial banking sector of Kathmandu Valley for conflict resolution. Method: A survey was conducted to gather data on negotiation strategies used by managers in the banking sector for conflict resolution. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, a non-probability sampling method, resulting in a total of 267 respondents, including managers and officers. The collected data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify the preferred negotiation strategies and their effectiveness in conflict resolution. Result: The findings indicate that the majority of respondents, who are managers, prefer cooperative strategies in conflict situations, reflecting a high concern for others. The integration strategy was the most commonly used approach for negotiation, demonstrating a focus on maintaining positive relationships while resolving disputes. Conclusion: The study concludes that managers in the Kathmandu Valley banking sector prioritize maintaining good relationships during conflict resolution. This approach reflects a broader strategy of using negotiation to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The study provides valuable insights into current practices and offers recommendations for enhancing conflict resolution strategies in Nepal’s commercial banking sector, contributing to smoother operations and greater employee and employer satisfaction. Paper Types: Research Paper Keywords: Negotiation, conflict resolution, structure equation modeling, integrative strategy, compromising strategy, avoiding strategy JEL Classification: F51, D74, G21, C1, C5