Resistive Plate Counters Research Articles

Use of GaAs circuits for first level muon triggering at LHC

The design of a first level muon trigger prototype having the performance required for LHC is presented. It is able to generate multithreshold triggers with a small latency and it has the capability of resolving the bunch crossing, when coupled with the Resistive Plate Counters (RPCs).

Polyvinylchloride resistive plate counters for charged particle detection

The construction and performance of polyvinylchloride resistive plate counters are described. These counters provide both time and spatial measurement of charged particles in a relatively inexpensive and easily constructed detector. We describe a new technique for applying voltage to the electrodes. The performance of these counters is evaluated for various concentrations of the quenching agent, freon and isobutane.

Performance of the E771 RPC muon detector at Fermilab

The technique of resistive plate counters, equipped with pad readout instead of strips, has been successfully used for the first time in a high rate environment. The performance of the muon detector of E771, based on this technique, is illustrated in detail, including the dependence of the efficiency on the local rate of incident particles.

Rejection power of a horizontal RPC telescope for left and right coming cosmic muons

The possibility of performing neutrino astronomy by means of a detector above the ground depends critically on the feasibility of a rejection power on the order of 10 11 required to discriminate the enormous background of cosmic downward going muons from the signal of upward going muons produced by neutrinos. In order to check whether and how this rejection is obtainable, we have built in the Physics Department of the University of Bari a horizontal cosmic muon telescope (MINI) instrumented with resistive plate counters. By performing time-of-flight measurements, we have estimated the rejection power of our telescope for left and right coming cosmic muons. The rejection dependence on a few fundamental parameters like minimum number of points per track, telescope length, RPC time resolution and on trigger configuration has been investigated.

ARGO at SINGAO: a multipurpose Astrophysical Radiation Observatory

A presentation is given of an experimental facility designed for the study of the Primary Cosmic Radiation. The ARGO (Astrophysical Radiation and Gamma Observatory) detector consists of a continuous carpet (120×120m 2 ) of Resistive Plate Counters, capable of registering the arrival of individual particles in the EAS front with timing in the ns range and position accuracy in the order of cm's; the carpet is complemented by an underneath muon tracking multilayer of Limited Streamer Tubes of equal size. ARGO, located at mountain altitude, is conceived to operate with two main objectives: a) as a VHE-UHE Gamma ray telescope intercepting substantially the full Shower front and sized to extend upward (to ⩾ 100 TeV) the upper energy limit of the air-Cerenkov telescopes set up at 10–20 TeV (Crab source). b) Operating as EAS front interceptor at distance from the shower core, ARGO is capable of providing relatively complete and detailed informations on both the electron and muon population in the EAS; the shower front coverage added to the function of muon tracking hodoscope, gives to ARGO the unique characteristics of a “WIDE ENERGY RANGE TELESCOPE (WERT)” [1] for the Primary Cosmic Rays, capable of “fertilizing” large areas (increasing with shower size) and providing complete data on individual events from the rather well known region at the low energy range (10 14 - 10 15 ) eV up to the presently high energy detectable limit at > 10 19 eV. The project described is proposed by a Consortium of Italian Universities and Research Institutes (S.I.N.G.A.O.) for a location in Southern Italy, at the Castelgrande Plateau [2].

A tracking and timing (T&T) front-end electronics for RPC detectors

The availability of a detector such as an RPC (resistive plate counter) opens new possibility on the future experiments for accelerator and non-accelerator physics. The main advantage consists on the possibility to obtain accurate tracking and timing with a low-cost detector and electronics. We report results on time resolution, signal transmission on long strips, efficiency and maintenance. A possible front-end electronics able to give tracking and timing information on each input channel operating in free-running mode will be illustrated toghether to the preliminary tests performed.

Resistive plate counters readout system

The readout system developed to handle the signals generated by the resistive plate counter muon detector of Fermilab experiment E771 is described. The

Performances of a resistive plate counter at high ionization rates

Abstract The efficiency and the time resolution of a resistive plate counter 1 × 2 m 2 in size has been studied at a TRIGA reactor. The whole surface of the detector was exposed to a beam of gamma rays inducing a counter rate up to ∼150 kHz. The results are compared with a previous test performed with a PS beam at the CERN.

The resistive plate counter muon system of E771

Abstract The performances of a “novel” detector, the Resistive Plate Counter, have been studied with particular emphasys to its use in a fixed target high rate experiment. A muon detector made out of RPC is actually operative in the E771 spectrometer at Fermilab. The working characteristics and parameters have been analyzed on a test stand with cosmic rays.

Performance of resistive plate counters at beam flux up to 140 Hz/cm 2

The performance of resistive plate counters 1 × 2 m 2 in size has been studied with a 5 Gev/ c positive pion beam of the CERN PS. Efficiency, delay and time resolution at local particle rates ranging from ≈ 10 up to ≈ 139 Hz/cm 2 are reported.

Progress in resistive plate counters

Results of experimental tests on resistive plate counters of 6 × 0.5 m 2 area are reported. The results show that this technique is suitable for time of flight measurements over large areas with a resolution of the order of 1 ns.

An apparatus to search for free neutron-antineutron oscillations

After recalling the phenomenology of neutron-antineutron oscillations expected to occur if the baryon number is not rigorously conserved, the apparatus developed and used in a search for such a process, currently being carried out at the Pavia nuclear reactor, is described in some detail. The apparatus involves a large volume neutron channel (∼ 20 m 3) in which the earth magnetic field has been reduced by a factor 50, and large area detectors (scintillators, flash chambers and “resistive plate counters”) operating under conditions of extremely severe background from the reactor.

Development of resistive plate counters

A dc operated particle detector has been developed and tested, whose constituent elements are two parallel electrode bakelite plates between which, in a 1.5 mm gap, a gas mixture of argon and butane at ordinary pressure is circulated. The counter has 97% efficiency and ∼1 ns time resolution at an operating voltage of about 10 kV. The output pulse needs no amplification, being typically 300 mV over 25 Ω.

Wing-slope techniques for the analysis of Langmuir-probe characteristics in a low-density plasma: R T Bettinger,J Appl Phys, 38 (6), 1967, 2523–2527.

A presentation is given of an experimental facility designed for the study of the Primary Cosmic Radiation. The ARGO (Astrophysical Radiation and Gamma Observatory) detector consists of a continuous carpet (120×120m2) of Resistive Plate Counters, capable of registering the arrival of individual particles in the EAS front with timing in the ns range and position accuracy in the order of cm's; the carpet is complemented by an underneath muon tracking multilayer of Limited Streamer Tubes of equal size. ARGO, located at mountain altitude, is conceived to operate with two main objectives: a) as a VHE-UHE Gamma ray telescope intercepting substantially the full Shower front and sized to extend upward (to ⩾ 100 TeV) the upper energy limit of the air-Cerenkov telescopes set up at 10–20 TeV (Crab source). b) Operating as EAS front interceptor at distance from the shower core, ARGO is capable of providing relatively complete and detailed informations on both the electron and muon population in the EAS; the shower front coverage added to the function of muon tracking hodoscope, gives to ARGO the unique characteristics of a “WIDE ENERGY RANGE TELESCOPE (WERT)” [1] for the Primary Cosmic Rays, capable of “fertilizing” large areas (increasing with shower size) and providing complete data on individual events from the rather well known region at the low energy range (1014 - 1015) eV up to the presently high energy detectable limit at > 1019 eV. The project described is proposed by a Consortium of Italian Universities and Research Institutes (S.I.N.G.A.O.) for a location in Southern Italy, at the Castelgrande Plateau [2].