Production Of Resins Research Articles

Organic compound and particle emissions of additive manufacturing with photopolymer resins and chemical outgassing of manufactured resin products

ABSTRACT Photopolymer resins are applied at an increasing rate in additive manufacturing (AM) industry as vat photopolymerization (VP) and material jetting (MJ) methods gain more popularity. The aim of this study was to measure volatile organic compound (VOC), carbonyl compound, ultrafine particle (UFP), and particulate matter (PM10) air concentrations emitted in 3D printer operations. Individual chemicals were identified when multiple photopolymer resin feedstocks were used in various VP and MJ printers. The size distributions of UFPs, and indoor air parameters were also monitored. Finally, the VOC outgassing of the cured resin materials was determined over 84 days. The data demonstrated that 3D printer operators were exposed to low concentrations of airborne exposure agents as follows: average concentrations of VOCs were between 41 and 87 µg/m3, UFP number levels ranged between 0.19 and 3.62 × 103 number/cm3; however, no impact was detected on air parameters or PM10 concentrations. A majority of the UFPs existed in the 10–45 nm size range. The identified compounds included hazardous species included sensitizing acrylates and carcinogenic formaldehyde. The outgassed products included similar compounds that were encountered during the AM processes, and post-processing solvents. Products heated to 37°C emitted 1.4‒2.9-fold more VOCs than at room temperature. Total emissions were reduced by 84‒96% after 28 days roughly from 3000–14000 to 100–1000 µg/m2/hr. In conclusion, resin printer operators are exposed to low concentrations of hazardous emissions, which might result in adverse health outcomes during prolonged exposure. Manufactured resin products are suggested to be stored for 4 weeks after their production to reduce potential consumer VOC hazards.

Environmental impact assessment of China's waste import ban policies: An empirical analysis of waste plastics importation from Japan

In January 2018, the Chinese government implemented a ban on importation of foreign waste, including waste plastics and other miscellaneous waste. Consequently, this ban has changed the global plastic recycling options. The aim of this study is to clarify the environmental impact of the ban between China and Japan, which is the largest exporter of plastic waste. The question of whether these policies are fundamentally helping to reduce the environmental burden has also been discussed from the viewpoints of China and Japan. Plastics have been classified into seven categories. Material flow analysis (MFA) and CO2 emissions derived in the MFA were applied to examine the material flow of waste plastics and compare CO2 emissions of virgin and recycled resins in Japan and China before, and after, the ban. A scope for the MFA including the recycling process of waste plastics, virgin resin production, and shipping between countries was proposed, and the transition of the material flow and CO2 emissions caused by China's waste import ban were evaluated. Material flow relevant to both Japan and China was set as the scope. Material flow crossing the scope, such as import of waste plastic into China from countries other than Japan, and export of waste plastic from Japan to countries other than China before the ban was excluded. The main finding of MFA is that the transition in material flow between 2016 and 2018 in China demonstrated high virgin resin imports and exports in 2016, and 28% of recycled waste plastics in China were derived from imported waste plastic. After the ban, the amount of waste plastic imports decreased by more than 99%, causing domestic virgin resin production to increase. Other findings include that CO2 emissions of the input of virgin materials increased by up to 10%, and the CO2 emissions derived from virgin resin production increased by up to 11% in 2018 compared those reported in 2016. With this transition, the CO2 emissions of 1 kg of raw materials in 2018 increased by 0.24 kg compared with 2016. In contrast, Japan's exports decreased, and domestic recycled plastic input increased. The CO2 emissions of 1 kg of raw materials in 2018 decreased by 0.07 kg compared with 2016.

Unique Gelation of Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Lignin in Hot Ethanol and Its Application to the Synthesis of Epoxy Resin with a Large Lignin Content

Glycol lignin is one of the novel lignin derivatives extracted from softwood meal and is expected to be an industrially important organic resource. Here, we show the peculiar aggregation behavior of glycol lignin in ethanol and the production of an ethanol-containing gel. The gel could be simply obtained by stirring glycol lignin powder in hot ethanol for several minutes. Furthermore, the gelled glycol lignin could be easily and homogeneously mixed with a traditional epoxy chemical, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, in any ratio without any additional solvent and/or heating, resulting in an easy production of epoxy resin using wood-based lignin resources. Since the residual ethanol in the mixture could be easily evaporated before the curing process, thermosetting hard epoxy resin with glycol lignin contents of up to 90 wt % was prepared through the homogeneous mixing with the gel. Quantitative analysis of the equilibrium reaction between ethanol and glycol lignin using a gas adsorption analysis tool was investigated to understand the gelation behavior. It was suggested that the ethanol molecules were stored between polyethylene glycol molecular chains in glycol lignin, which generates a unique chemical character of this novel lignin derivative material.

Bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide nanojunctions decorated on flexible carbon fiber cloth as easily recyclable photocatalyst for removing various pollutants from wastewater

Various semiconductor powders (such as bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide (BiOBr/BiOI) nanojunctions) can photodegrade wastewater efficiently, but their practical application is limited by poor recovery performance. To address the problem, we report the construction of BiOBr/BiOI nanojunctions on flexible carbon fiber cloth (CFC) substrate as an easily recycled photocatalyst by the dipping-solvothermal-dipping-solvothermal four-step method. CFC/BiOBr/BiOI is composed of CFC substate and two layers of nanosheets, while BiOBr nanosheets (thickness: 10–30 nm, diameter: 200–400 nm) were grown in the inner layer and BiOI nanosheets (thickness: 50–80 nm, diameter:300–600 nm) were grown in the outer layer. CFC/BiOBr/BiOI (4 × 4 cm2) can effectively photodegrade 97.7% acid orange 7 (AO7), 91.3% levofloxacin (LVFX) and 97.8% tetracycline (TC) within 120 min under the illumination of visible-light, better than CFC/BiOBr (73.2% AO7, 71.6% LVFX and 81.6% TC). Furthermore, superoxide radical (•O2−) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) are the main active substances during removing LVFX by CFC/BiOBr/BiOI. Besides, CFC/BiOBr/BiOI can efficiently reduce 93.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of acrylic resin production wastewater (ARPW) under visible-light illumination for 3 h, better than CFC/BiOBr (36.6% COD). Therefore, CFC/BiOBr/BiOI has broad application prospects in purifying wastewater as a new type of easily recycled photocatalyst.

Diversity of endophytic fungal species from Styrax benzoin found in benzoin-producing locations in North Sumatra

Styrax benzoin is a native tree to Indonesia, particularly in North Sumatra. This plant species produces benzoin resin, which is beneficial for medicinal treatments, hence its commercial value. Endophytic fungi help produce bioactive metabolites and contribute to resin production. However, the diversity of endophytic fungal species from S. benzoin grown in North Sumatra remained largely unexplored. This study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of culturable endophytic fungi from two kemenyan-producing locations in North Sumatra, Simalungun and North Tapanuli, as well as their tree part origin. A total of 7 and 8 endophytic fungal species were obtained from barks, stems, and/or leaves of S. benzoin grown in Simalungun and North Tapanuli, respectively, and identified by internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis. Endophytic fungi from North Tapanuli showed higher diversity, with a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.31 than those from Simalungun (1.95). Morisita-Horn similarity indices for bark-stem, stem-leaf, and bark-leaf were 0.47, 0.08, and 0, respectively, hinting at organ-specificity colonization. This study offers insights into the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from S. benzoin which may contribute to future improvement of benzoin resin production.

Transcriptomics of tapping and healing process in frankincense tree during resin production

Frankincense tree (Boswellia sacra Fluek) has been poorly known on how it responds to tapping and wound-recovery process at molecular levels. Here, we used RNA-sequencing analysis to profile transcriptome of B. sacra after 30 min, 3 h and 6 h of post-tapping. Results showed 5525 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were related to terpenoid biosynthesis, phytohormonal regulation, cellular transport, and cell-wall synthesis. Plant-growth-regulators were applied exogenously which showed regulation of endogenous jasmonates and resulted in rapid recovery of cell-wall integrity by significantly up-regulated gene expression of terpenoid biosynthesis (germacrene-D synthase, B-amyrin synthase, and squalene epioxidase-1) and cell-wall synthesis (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase, cellulose synthase-A, and cell-wall hydrolase) compared to control. These findings suggest that tapping immediately activated several cell-developmental and regeneration processes, alongwith defense-induced terpenoid metabolism, to improve the healing process in epidermis. Exogenous growth regulators, especially jasmonic acid, can drastically help tree recovery from tissue degeneration and might help in tree conservation purposes.

Bisphenol A and bisphenol AF co-exposure induces apoptosis in human granulosa cell line KGN through intracellular stress-dependent mechanisms

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical substance used in large amounts in the production of epoxy resins, phenolic resins and polycarbonate plastics. Although its toxicity to the female reproductive system has been extensively studied, little is known about the combined toxicity of BPA and its analogues. In this study, the human granulosa cell line KGN was co-exposed to BPA and bisphenol AF (BPAF), and we subsequently examined the effect of these chemicals on cell apoptosis and their mechanism. We found that co-exposure to BPA and BPAF induced intracellular stress in KGN cells, including significantly elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca 2+ ). Then, apoptosis and its associated biological events, including increased caspase-3 activity, and decreased Bcl-2/Bax protein expression ratio, were measured under the combined exposure. Notably, we confirmed that the intracellular stress and activation of the signaling axis of the downstream ASK1-JNK signaling pathway involved in the apoptosis of KGN cells was induced by the mixture of BPA and BPAF. In addition, we verified with pretreatment inhibitors that the BPA and BPAF mixture promoted the co-induction of KGN cell apoptosis via this stress pathway. Our work provides novel insights into the combined cytotoxicity and molecular toxicity mechanism of bisphenol mixtures.

Trials of frankincense harvesting using organic stimulants

Generally, frankincense resin is used as a raw material of the cosmetic and pharmacy industry and is often used as traditional rituals related to mystical things. However, the information related to the stimulant application on frankincense tapping is lacking even not available yet. This article aims to provide the initial information on frankincense tapping technic using three organic stimulants. The trials were conducted in one of the community forests in Dolog Sanggul, North Sumatera. The trees sampled were 40 with an average diameter of 17.07 cm that adjusted with the variable used. Organic stimulants used in this study were wood vinegar, galangal, and lime. The result showed a) the organic stimulant was potential to be applied in frankincense harvesting based on the productivity of produced resin; b) the application of three organic stimulants in frankincense harvesting affected the resin production compared to the control (without stimulant), and c) the resin yield varied between 0.177-1.051 gr with a harvesting period of one month. As an illustration, the resin yield of one frankincense tree averagely 0.1-0.5 kg per year with a harvesting period of 3-4 months without stimulant. The innovation of frankincense harvesting is necessary to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the stem wounding process and stimulant application.

Itaconic acid induces ferroptosis by activating ferritinophagy

Itaconic acid is an unsaturated dicarbonic acid. It has a wide range of applications in the industrial production of resins and is also a mediator of immunometabolism in macrophages. Here, we show a previously unrecognized role of itaconic acid in triggering ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death driven by lipid peroxidation. We found that supraphysiological itaconic acid dose-dependently induces ferroptosis, rather than apoptosis, in human cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, we determined that itaconic acid activates NOCA4-mediated ferritinophagy, which leads to ferroptosis through ferritin degradation and subsequent iron overload and oxidative damage. In contrast, itaconic acid-induced expression and activation of NFE2L2 serves as a defense mechanism to limit ferroptosis by producing antioxidant genes. Consequently, impaired NCOA4 expression prevented, whereas a disrupted NFE2L2 pathway enhanced, sensitivity to itaconic acid-induced ferroptosis in vitro and in xenograft models. These findings establish a dynamic model of metabolite-induced ferroptotic cancer cell death, which may contribute to the development of new targeted therapies.

Comparison of organic acid-based organosolv lignins extracted from the residues of five annual crops

Organosolv lignins were extracted from corn stover, wheat, rice straw, reed straw, and sugarcane bagasse using a mixture of acetic and formic acids, at relatively low temperature and atmospheric pressure. Lignin content, residual carbohydrates, ash levels, proteins, and molecular weights were determined in each extracted lignin. The lignin content of all samples was relatively high, confirming the performance of the pretreatment process. The low molecular weights were in a narrow range, in accordance with the organosolv lignin molar masses. However, some differences between studied lignins were highlighted, in particular in rice straw lignin, which contained the highest silica, calcium, and nitrogen contents. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies (31P and semi-quantitative Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation) underlined the structural similarities and differences between these organosolv lignins. Corn stover and sugarcane bagasse lignins were rich in non-methoxylated (H-Unit) or mono-methoxylated (G-Unit) phenolic units, making them the best promising candidates for production of phenolic resins. Wheat straw lignin was richer in aliphatic OH than in phenolic OH. This is an advantage for use as polyol substitute in polyurethane synthesis. Reed straw lignin was less specific, with a balanced content of OH groups. However, it contained a high concentration of β-O-4 linkages, which is favorable for depolymerization.

Experimental induction of resins as a tool to understand variability in ambers

Abstract. Amber is chiefly known as a preservational medium of biological inclusions, but it is itself a chemofossil, comprised of fossilised plant resin. The chemistry of today's resins has been long investigated as a means of understanding the botanical sources of ambers. However, little is known about the chemical variability of resins and consequently about that of the ambers that are derived from particular resins. We undertook experimental resin production in Araucariacean plants to clarify how much natural resin variability is present in two species, Agathis australis and Wollemia nobilis, and whether different resin exudation stimuli types can be chemically identified and differentiated. The latter were tested on the plants, and the resin exudates were collected and investigated with Fourier-transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy to give an overview of their chemistry for comparisons, including multivariate analyses. The Araucariacean resins tested did not show distinct chemical signatures linked to a particular resin-inducing treatment. Nonetheless, we did detect two separate groupings of the treatments for Agathis, in which the branch removal treatment and mimicked insect-boring treatment-derived resin spectra were more different from the resin spectra derived from other treatments. This appears linked to the lower resin viscosities observed in the branch- and insect-treatment-derived resins. However the resins, no matter the treatment, could be distinguished from both species. The effect of genetic variation was also considered using the same stimuli on both the seed-grown A. australis derived from wild-collected populations and on clonally derived W. nobilis plants with natural minimal genetic diversity. The variability in the resin chemistries collected did reflect the genetic variability of the source plant. We suggest that this natural variability needs to be taken into account when testing resin and amber chemistries in the future.

Impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on cells and tissues at the human materno-fetal interface

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor extensively used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and a component of liquid and food containers. It is a hazard in the prenatal period because of its presence in the placenta, fetal membranes, amniotic fluid, maternal and fetal blood and its ability to cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Estimation of the risk of BPA exposure during in utero life is extremely important in order to prevent complications of pregnancy and fetal growth.This review describes in vitro models of the human materno-fetal interface. It also outlines the effects of BPA at doses indicated as “physiological”, namely at the concentrations found in the general population, and at “supraphysiological” and “subphysiological” doses, i.e. above and below the physiological range. This work will help clarify the discrepancies observed in studies on the effects of BPA on human reproduction and pregnancy, and it will be useful for the choice of appropriate in vitro models for future studies aimed at identifying the potential impact of BPA on specific functional processes.

The impact of climate change on the resin productivity of dammar tree (Agathis alba) in Inamosol subdistrict, West Seram district, Maluku-Indonesia

This research was aimed to determine the impact of climate change on the resin productivity of dammar tree. This research will be useful as data and information for farmers and government to maintain the resin of dammar tree to be optimal and sustainable in production. This research was conducted in Inamosol Sub-district, West Seram District, Maluku Indonesia, during September-October 2020. Village and farmer samples were determined by purposive sampling technique. The selected villages were Honitetu, Hukuanakota and Rambatu. Furthermore, from each village, It was ten farmers to select for interviews and filling the questionnaire. The results showed that the average resin production of farmers in 2019 was 904.2 kg/farmer, while in 2020 was 523.7 kg/farmer. This means that it occurred a decline in resin production in 2020 about 42.08 % for each farmer—the leading cause of the decreased production as climate change factors, namely rainfall, temperature and humidity. Based on climate data of West Seram District in 2019 indicated that rainfall has occurred during six months with an average temperature of 27 °C and relative humidity of 82 %. Meanwhile, in 2020 the rainfall occurs for nine months with an average temperature of 26.5 °C, and relative humidity of 85 %.

Bisphenol A Removal by the Fungus Myrothecium roridumIM 6482-Analysis of the Cellular and Subcellular Level.

Bisphenol (BPA) is a key ingredient in the production of epoxy resins and some types of plastics, which can be released into the environment and alter the endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. In this study, the ability of the fungus M. roridumIM 6482 to BPA elimination was investigated. LC-MS/MS analysis showed almost complete removal of BPA from the growth medium within 72 h of culturing. Products of BPA biotransformation were identified, and their estrogenic activity was found to be lower than that of the parent compound. Extracellular laccase activity was identified as the main mechanism of BPA elimination. It was observed that BPA induced oxidative stress in fungal cells manifested as the enhancement in ROS production, membranes permeability and lipids peroxidation. These oxidative stress markers were reduced after BPA biodegradation (72 h of culturing). Intracellular proteome analyses performed using 2-D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF technique allowed identifying 69 proteins in a sample obtained from the BPA containing culture. There were mainly structural and regulator proteins but also oxidoreductive and antioxidative agents, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. The obtained results broaden the knowledge on BPA elimination by microscopic fungi and may contribute to the development of BPA biodegradation methods.

Determination of Bisphenol A in Packed Milk and Mineral Water Samples Marketed in Tabriz (Iran) in 2020 Using High-performance Liquid Chromatography-ultraviolet Detector

Bisphenol A is a monomer used in production of several plastic resins in food storage containers. Residue of BPA in plastics can be found in foods filled into the containers. Due to this fact that BPA is an endocrine disruptor, its dietary exposure must be estimated. In this method, the analyte was extracted using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure from water and milk samples. For this purpose, a mixture of acetone and chloroform (142 µL) was dispersed into the water sample or aqueous phase obtained from milk after its deproteinization with trichloroacetic acid. In both samples, the obtained cloudy solutions were centrifuged and the sedimented phase analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector. Analytical features of the method consist of limits of detection (0.44 ng mL-1 in water and 0.51 ng mL-1 in milk samples) and quantification (1.47 ng mL-1 in water and 1.72 ng mL-1 in milk samples), linearity (r2=0.992), precision (RSD≤11.1%), and accuracy (RSD≤3%) were studied under final conditions. The results showed that the obtained results are acceptable. Different milk and water samples were analyzed using the developed method and BPA was found in several samples in the ranges of 11.2-32.6 and 9.6-23.5 ng mL-1 in milk and water samples, respectively. Comparing the results with maximum residue limit established by European Commission showed that BPA content was higher than the permitted level.

BIO-INDUKSI RANTING CABANG GAHARU (GYRINOPS VERSTEEGII) DI PERKEBUNAN GAHARU DESA PEJARING LOMBOK TIMUR

Bio-induction on the branch of agarwood tree (Gyrinops versteegii) is a good alternative method to increase resin productivity. The aim of this research is to applied bio-induction on the branch of G. versteegii with different diameters. Different branch diameter was the treatment on this research including branch 1 (diameter 70 mm ± 5 mm), branch 2 (85 mm ± mm), branch 3 (100 mm ± mm). Fusarium solani isolate of Institute for Technology Research and Development of Non-Timber Forest Product was used as a bio-induction agent. This isolate was cultured on bean sprout broth media for 28 days. Bio-induction was carried using standard procedure developed by Forest Research and Development Agency. Observation of the result conducted 3 months after bio-induction. There were 3 parameters of bio-induction result including resin area production, discoloration in form of browning on branch, and fragrance level of resin. Branch 2 has the largest resin area production. However, branch 3 has the highest score of browning and fragrance level. This result indicated a correlation between browning on branch and fragrance level quality. It could be concluded that bio-induction on larger branch diameter could produce higher productivity of resin, especially on browning and fragrance level parameter

Metabolomics Reveals That Bisphenol Pollutants Impair Protein Synthesis-Related Pathways in Daphnia magna.

Bisphenols are used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely studied and is believed to act as an endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have increasingly been employed as replacements for BPA, although previous studies suggested that they yield similar physiological responses to several organisms. Daphnia magna is a common model organism for ecotoxicology and was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of BPA, BPF, and BPS to investigate disruption to metabolic profiles. Targeted metabolite analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure polar metabolites extracted from D. magna, which are linked to a range of biochemical pathways. Multivariate analyses and individual metabolite changes showed similar non-monotonic concentration responses for all three bisphenols (BPA, BPF, and BPS). Pathway analyses indicated the perturbation of similar and distinct pathways, mostly associated with protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. Overall, we observed responses that can be linked to a chemical class (bisphenols) as well as distinct responses that can be related to each individual bisphenol type (A, F, and S). These findings further demonstrate the need for using metabolomic analyses in exposure assessment, especially for chemicals within the same class which may disrupt the biochemistry uniquely at the molecular-level.

Production of tung oil epoxy resin using low frequency high power ultrasound

Epoxy resins made from vegetable oils are an alternative to synthesize epoxy resins from renewable sources. Tung oil is rich in α -eleostearic fatty acid, which contains three double bonds producing epoxy resins with up to three epoxy groups per fatty acid. This work studied the production of tung oil epoxy resin using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent and acetic and formic acid as percarboxylic acid precursors, applying low frequency high power ultrasound. This study evaluated the effects of ultrasound power density, hydrogen peroxide concentration, acetic acid concentration, and formic acid concentration on the yield into epoxy resin, selectivity, and by-products formation. Application of ultrasound was carried out using a 19 kHz probe ultrasound (horn ultrasound) with a 1.3 cm diameter titanium probe, 500 W nominal power, 2940 W L−1 maximum effective power density applied to the reaction mixture. Ultrasound technology yielded up to 85% of epoxy resin in 3 h of reaction. The use of formic acid resulted in a slightly lower oil conversion than acetic acid but with a much higher selectivity towards epoxidized tung oil. However, using acetic acid resulted in the production of high-value by-products, such as 2-heptenal and 2,4-nonadienal. The ultrasound-assisted epoxidation showed to be particularly efficient when applied to oils containing conjugated double-bonds.

Short Communication: Timing of resin-tapping operations in maritime pine forests in Northern Spain

Aim of study: To optimize the timing of resin-tapping activities for maximizing the economic efficiency of resin tapping in Atlantic maritime pine forests. Area of study: Northern Spain. Material and methods: We conducted three small experiments in a mature maritime pine forest aimed to test: i) the impact of groove frequency on resin production, ii) the effect of previous grooves as a driver of temporal patterns of resin production along the seasons and iii) the impact of previous tapping on resin production in the following campaign. Main results: The resin produced decreased as groove frequency decreased, but the reduction was low. Considering that the number of trees that a worker can tap increases with more spaced grooves, higher tapping efficiency can be achieved with monthly grooves. Previous tapping increased resin yield during the following campaign but resin production was not affected by the previous grooves during the current tapping campaign. Research highlights: Responses to wounding seem to require time to be effective and temporal patterns of resin production appear to be driven by weather conditions alone. Keywords: resin yield; Pinus pinaster; seasonality; induced responses; wounding.

Improved speciation profiles and estimation methodology for VOCs emissions: A case study in two chemical plants in eastern China

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) poses a serious health risk through not only their own toxicity but also their role as precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. The chemical industry, as one of the pillar industries in eastern China, is a key source of VOCs emissions. In this study, speciated VOCs emissions were measured in two chemical plants in eastern China. Oxygenated VOCs and aromatics were found to be the dominant species categories in both plants. The ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of VOCs from dedicated resin production were both higher than general resin production. Three process-based models were used for the estimation of VOCs emissions from the two tested plants as a case study. The comparison between the emission factor model and the model with best available estimation methods (e.g., the measurement-based method, the mass balance method, the empirical formula method, and the correlation equation method) implied possible overestimation of the widely used emission factor model for the chemical industry. The probabilistic model developed in this study incorporated probability distribution of key parameters and proved to be a promising tool for emission inventory development and uncertainty analysis. The overall uncertainties of VOCs emissions based on the model were (−48%, +147%) and (−48%, +139%) for the two tested plants. In this study, the speciation profiles and estimation methodology for VOCs emissions from the chemical industry in China were both improved, which could benefit the accurate evaluation of the impacts of VOCs emissions.