Abstract
Aim of study: To optimize the timing of resin-tapping activities for maximizing the economic efficiency of resin tapping in Atlantic maritime pine forests. Area of study: Northern Spain. Material and methods: We conducted three small experiments in a mature maritime pine forest aimed to test: i) the impact of groove frequency on resin production, ii) the effect of previous grooves as a driver of temporal patterns of resin production along the seasons and iii) the impact of previous tapping on resin production in the following campaign. Main results: The resin produced decreased as groove frequency decreased, but the reduction was low. Considering that the number of trees that a worker can tap increases with more spaced grooves, higher tapping efficiency can be achieved with monthly grooves. Previous tapping increased resin yield during the following campaign but resin production was not affected by the previous grooves during the current tapping campaign. Research highlights: Responses to wounding seem to require time to be effective and temporal patterns of resin production appear to be driven by weather conditions alone. Keywords: resin yield; Pinus pinaster; seasonality; induced responses; wounding.
Highlights
Resin tapping of pine forests does provide valuable economic complements (Susaeta et al, 2014), and high-value and broad-scale ecosystems services (e.g. fire prevention and surveillance (Solino et al, 2018), promotion of rural employment and retention of local populations (Justes & Solino, 2018), recreation and people welfare (Heinze et al, 2021), substitution of petroleum derivatives by renewable bioproducts in the industrial sector (Rodrigues-Correa et al, 2012)).Given the multiple direct and indirect benefits, resin tapping activities should be seen as a key tool to rekindle many pine plantations of southern Europe with low timber profitability and high risk of wildfires
Two main lines of research are nowadays aiming to overcome these drawbacks through the quantification of ecosystem services searching for compensatory measures (Solino et al, 2018) or the optimization of management
We focus on two factors that can strongly determine the efficiency of resin tapping operations but have received comparatively less attention: the tapping frequency and the variation of resin production throughout the season
Summary
Resin tapping of pine forests does provide valuable economic complements (Susaeta et al, 2014), and high-value and broad-scale ecosystems services (e.g. fire prevention and surveillance (Solino et al, 2018), promotion of rural employment and retention of local populations (Justes & Solino, 2018), recreation and people welfare (Heinze et al, 2021), substitution of petroleum derivatives by renewable bioproducts in the industrial sector (Rodrigues-Correa et al, 2012)).Given the multiple direct and indirect benefits, resin tapping activities should be seen as a key tool to rekindle many pine plantations of southern Europe with low timber profitability and high risk of wildfires. Timing of resin-tapping operations in maritime pine forests in Northern Spain
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