Resin Adsorption Research Articles

Sasanquasaponin from Camellia oleifera Abel Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Effect in RAW 264.7 Cells via Inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways.

Sasanquasaponin (SQS), a secondary metabolite that is derived from Camellia seeds, reportedly possesses notable biological properties. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of SQS and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly explored. Herein, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of SQS against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, focusing on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling pathways. SQS was isolated using a deep eutectic solvent and D101 macroporous adsorption resin and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The viability of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA. Western blot was performed to analyze the protein expression of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Herein, SQS exhibited anti-inflammatory activity: 30 μg/mL of SQS significantly reduced ROS generation, inhibited the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2, and attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. The anti-inflammatory activity was potentially mediated by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 in the NF-κB signaling pathway and the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in the MAPK signaling pathway. Accordingly, SQS could inhibit inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This study demonstrated the potential application of SQS as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Fabrication of weakly basic-functionalized poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) hyper-cross-linked resins for the efficient adsorption of organic acid

Fabrication of weakly basic-functionalized poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) hyper-cross-linked resins for the efficient adsorption of organic acid

Recovery of triethylamine and phosphoric acid from wastewater using a novel hybrid process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and resin adsorption

Triethylammonium phosphate wastewater, resulting from the absorption of triethylamine (TEA) exhaust gas by phosphoric acid, poses challenges in environmental protection. In this study, a novel combined process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) and resin adsorption (RA) was proposed. Under the optimal conditions of 50 mA/cm2 and 5 cm/s, more than 96 % of the triethylammonium phosphate in real wastewater was converted into TEA and phosphoric acid during the BMED processes. Its current efficiency of 47 % and an energy consumption rate of 4.26 kWh/kg TEA. Furthermore, the low-concentration wastewater from BMED could be effectively treated through D001 resin at pH 2. Desorption of TEA loaded on D001 resin could be achieved using a 6 wt% phosphoric acid produced from the BMED process, and the concentrated desorption solution could be reprocessed through BMED process. The effluent of RA process could undergo chemical precipitation, thereby contained 18 mg/L COD, 0.43 mg/L TP and less than 3 mg/L TEA, meeting the first-class A standard of the Chinese “GB18918-2002 Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant”. This novel strategy offered an innovative and environmentally friendly method for recycling this type of wastewater within ecological industries.

Quantitation of Lupinus spp. Quinolizidine Alkaloids by qNMR and Accelerated Debittering with a Resin-Based Protocol.

Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are toxic secondary metabolites of the Lupinus species, the presence of which limits the expansion of lupin beans consumption, despite their high protein content. Evaluation of the level of alkaloids in edible Lupinus species is crucial from a food safety point of view. However, quantitation of QAs is complicated by the fact that not all important alkaloids used for quantitation are commercially available. In this context, we developed a method for the simultaneous quantitation of eight major lupin alkaloids using quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR). Quantitation and analysis were performed in 15 different seed extracts of 11 Lupinus spp. some of which belonged to the same species, with different geographical origins and time of harvest, as well as in all aerial parts of L. pilosus. The mature seeds of L. pilosus were found to be a uniquely rich source of multiflorine. Additionally, we developed a protocol using adsorption or ionic resins for easy, fast, and efficient debittering of the lupine seeds. The protocol was applied to L. albus, leading to a decrease of the time required for alkaloids removal as well as water consumption and to a method for QA isolation from the debittering wastewater.

Heavy metal adsorption from phosphoric acid 29% P2O5 with Amberlite IRC200 Na resin

ABSTRACT Phosphoric acid plays a major role in our day-to-day life since it is used among other applications to produce fertilizers. Nevertheless, its production from phosphate rock often involves the presence of heavy metals. This study investigates the adsorption of cadmium, zinc, nickel, chromium, arsenic, and vanadium from phosphoric acid on a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, Amberlite IRC200 Na. Amberlite IRC200 Na is an easily regenerated resin with a high selectivity toward divalent cations (Cd, Zn, and Ni) removing 94% of them, while the formation of anionic or neutral complexes with phosphoric acid hinders the adsorption of Cr (70%), As and V (below 20%) on the resin. To model the resin adsorption in a continuous flow, the kinetics and isotherm have been studied. The fast adsorption of metals follows a pseudo-second order kinetic, where the rate is equivalent to the square of the number of remaining adsorption sites. The adsorption isotherm follows a Langmuir equilibrium model, which indicates that the ion exchange can be approximated to a homogeneous adsorption. The kinetic and isotherm results show that the resin is not selective between divalent ions.

Discovery of a new tannin compound as an α‐glucosidase inhibitor from Carya cathayensis Sarg. kernels and its inhibitory kinetics

SummaryInhibition of α‐glucosidases is recognised as an effective approach towards managing postprandial hyperglycaemia. This study aimed to identify a specific compound in Carya cathayensis Sarg. kernels (CCSKs) exhibiting strong inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase and elucidate the inhibitory kinetic mechanism. Employing a bioassay‐guided approach, an α‐glucosidase inhibitor was isolated from CCSKs through sequential chromatography protocol involving AB‐8 macroporous adsorptive resin, Sephadex LH‐20 and C18‐reversed phase silica gel. The resulting inhibitor was a novel tannin compound, identified as rugosin C ethyl ester. Rugosin C ethyl ester displayed superior inhibitory activity (IC50 of 2.60 μg/mL) compared to acarbose (IC50 of 105.95 μg/mL). The kinetic analysis indicated that rugosin C ethyl ester had a mixed‐type reversible inhibition against α‐glucosidase. The inhibition constants (Ki and Kis) were determined to be 3.119 and 0.856 μg/mL, respectively. The findings indicated that rugosin C ethyl ester might serve as a promising functional ingredient in low‐glycemic index foods.

Industrial-scale highly efficient nickel recovery from electroplating wastewater using resin adsorption followed by aeration mixing acid regeneration

Cation-exchange resins have been used to recover nickel from electroplating wastewater, but resin regeneration often consumes a large amount of acid and alkali, resulting in low Ni(II) concentrations in regenerating solution. In this study, the industrial-scale Ni(II) recovery from electroplating wastewater using resin adsorption and regeneration was investigated. Two cation-exchange resin tanks and one chelated resin tank in series effectively reduced the nickel concentrations to below 0.1 mg/L. The spent resin could be efficiently regenerated by a novel aeration mixing method, greatly reducing acid and alkali consumption in comparison with the traditional downstream regeneration method. The spent resin was successfully regenerated by 2 bed volume (BV) of 6 % HCl, and the acid utilization ratio was above 99 %. More than 60 g/L of Ni(II) ions in regenerating solution was stably obtained, which benefited the subsequent nickel recovery by electrodeposition. Similarly, H2SO4 was also effective for Ni(II) desorption from the spent resins. The adsorption and regeneration cost was calculated to be ¥ 5.5–9.5/m3 for the electroplating wastewater containing 200–800 mg/L Ni(II) ions, much lower than that by chemical precipitation. This study provided an effective resin regeneration method to consume less regenerants and obtain higher Ni(II) concentrations, making the Ni(II) recovery cost-effective.

A closed-loop integrated process of bipolar membrane electrodialysis and resin adsorption for resource recovery from high-salinity phenolic wastewaters: Salicylic acid manufacturing wastewater as a representative

Phenolic compounds stand as consequential chemical precursors, boasting an extensive array of industrial applications. The worldwide yield of such compounds attained 17 million tons annually, and a substantial volume of effluent characterized by elevated phenolics content along with inorganic salinity was emanated from the manufacturing processes, which would exert profound deleterious impacts upon the ecosystem and aquatic environment. Scant literature was available regarding efficacious treatment of these high-salinity phenolic wastewaters and complete recovery of its constituents currently. In this study, initially, various high-salinity phenolic wastewaters were treated in bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) system, and the migration behavior of constituents was investigated. Drawing upon the migration patterns and the efficacy of BMED, a closed-loop integrated process of BMED and resin adsorption was proposed to thoroughly address this kind of wastewater and attain comprehensive material reclamation. Because of the wide use of salicylic acid (SA) all over the world, the enormous production in China, and the complexity of the sewage which contained rich Na2SO4, phenol, and SA from manufacturing process, SA manufacturing wastewater was selected as the representative sample. For the BMED process, the desalination rate got 99.4 % under the optimum conditions. The concentrations of H2SO4 and NaOH obtained were 0.56 and 0.78 mol/L. The preliminary separation of phenol and SA was realized during desalination. Then, the effluent of BMED feed compartment was injected into two-stage resin unit. The satisfactory regeneration of both spent resins was achieved, and high-purity phenol and SA were obtained. No contaminants were undetected in the effluent, allowing for the reuse of the effluent within BMED. The complete resource utilization of SA manufacturing wastewater was realized, indicating the viability of proposed integrated process for treating and resource recovering of analogous high-salinity industrial phenolic wastewater.

Guide for application of macroporous adsorption resins in polysaccharides purification

AbstractAs a highly selective, recoverable, and low‐cost process, macroporous resins (MPRs) are of interest for the purification of bioactive components from natural products. This guide takes super‐crosslinked MPR as an example, and focuses on application of macroporous adsorption resin in polysaccharide purification, including pretreatment and regeneration of macroporous adsorption resin, various factors affecting the adsorption effect of macroporous adsorption resin, and adsorption mechanism of resin.

Effects of surface glazing on the mechanical and biological properties of 3D printed permanent dental resin materials.

Purpose This study aimed to determine the surface glazing effect on the mechanical and biological properties of three-dimensional printed dental permanent resins.Methods Specimens were prepared using Formlabs, Graphy Tera Harz permanent, and NextDent C&B temporary crown resins. Specimens were divided into three groups: samples with untreated surfaces, glazed surfaces, and sand-glazed surfaces. The flexural strength, Vickers hardness, color stability, and surface roughness of the samples were analyzed to identify their mechanical properties. Their cell viability and protein adsorption were analyzed to identify their biological properties.Results The flexural strength and Vickers hardness of the samples with sand glazed and glazed surfaces were significantly increased. The color change was higher for surface untreated samples than that for the samples with sand-glazed and glazed surfaces. The surface roughness of the samples with sand-glazed and glazed surfaces was low. The samples with sand-glazed and glazed surfaces have low protein adsorption ability and high cell viability.Conclusions Surface glazing increased the mechanical strength, color stability, and cell compatibility, while reducing the Ra and protein adsorption of 3D-printed dental resins. Thus, a glazed surface exhibited a positive effect on the mechanical and biological properties of 3D-printed resins.

Adsorption properties and kinetics of organic acids in yellow rice wine by weakly basic anionic resins based on membrane separation

Abstract Yellow rice wine (Huangjiu) is a traditional alcoholic beverage in China. This study aimed to find a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu. Three membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs (200, 1000, and 2000 Da) were selected to separate small molecules in Huangjiu, and then the adsorption of four models of weakly basic anion-exchange resins (335, D301, D314, and D354) on the organic acids in the filtered fractions of Huangjiu was investigated. The D354 resin exhibited the highest adsorption rate of 157.74 mg/g and the adsorption of acids was more consistent with the proposed second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of D354 resin decreased with increasing temperature, and the adsorption of D354 resin correlated better with the Freundlich isotherm model. The initial deacidification efficiency of the D354 resin was 91.52% and it decreased by 3.88% after 10 regenerations. After the D354 resin treatment, the total acid content decreased by 56.11%, and the retention rates of amino acids and volatile substances reached 97.96% and 81.93%, respectively. The results showed that D354 resin could be used for the deacidification of Huangjiu. Membrane separation combined with resin adsorption process provides a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu, which helps to maintain the flavor of the deacidified Huangjiu while efficiently reducing the acidity.

Optimizing Ultrasonic Extraction and Purification of Nuciferine With Response Surface Method

Background Lotus leaves are obtained from plants belonging to the genus Nelumbo in the Nymphaeaceae family. They serve both as agricultural produce and traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. Nuciferine, an amorphine alkaloid found in lotus leaves, holds significance due to its anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic properties. Objective The factors influencing nuciferine extraction from lotus leaves using the dipping-acid-assisted ultrasonic extraction method (DAUEM) have received limited attention. This study aims to optimize DAUEM conditions (ethanol concentration, solvent-to-material ratio, and ultrasonic extraction time) through a Box-Behnken response surface design. Methods Nuciferine purification from lotus leaves is achieved using D101 macroporous adsorptive resin. A single-factor test, with ethanol concentration ( V/V), solvent-to-material ratio ( V/M), and ultrasonic extraction time as variables, serves as a basis for optimizing the nuciferine extraction process via the response surface methodology. Results The highest nuciferine yield (0.1035 ± 0.005)% was obtained using 74% ethanol ( V/V), a 26:1 solvent-to-material ratio, and an 82min extraction time. Nuciferine purity reached 67.14% using 70% ethanol as the eluent and high-performance liquid chromatography for determination. DAUEM effectively extracts nuciferine from lotus leaves, with optimization achieved using Box-Behnken response surface methodology. D101 macroporous adsorption resin efficiently separates and purifies nuciferine in lotus leaves. Conclusion This experiment demonstrates good precision and accuracy, making it suitable for the extraction, separation, and purification of nuciferine in lotus leaves. The method lays the foundation for the development and utilization of nuciferine.

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of flavonoids from white tea using macroporous adsorption resin

White tea contains the highest flavonoids compared to other teas. While there have been numerous studies on the components of different tea varieties, research explicitly focusing on the flavonoid content of white tea remains scarce, making the need for a good flavonoid purification process for white tea even more important. This study compared the adsorption and desorption performance of five types of macroporous resins: D101, HP20, HPD500, DM301, and AB-8. Among the tested resins, AB-8 was selected based on its best adsorption and desorption performance to investigate the static adsorption kinetics and dynamic adsorption-desorption purification of white tea flavonoids. The optimal purification process was determined: adsorption temperature 25 °C, crude tea flavonoid extract pH 3, ethanol concentration 80%, sample loading flow rate and eluent flow rate 1.5 BV/min, and eluent dosage 40 BV. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Under the above purification conditions, the purity of the total flavonoids in the purified white tea flavonoid increased from approximately 17.69 to 46.23%, achieving a 2.61-fold improvement, indicating good purification results. The purified white tea flavonoid can be further used for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Isolation of Polyphenols from Aqueous Extract of the Halophyte Salicornia ramosissima.

Polyphenols from residual non-food grade Salicornia ramosissima have health-promoting effects in feed, food, or nutraceutical applications. Therefore, the isolation of polyphenols is of interest from a series of environmentally friendly isolation methods with recyclable solvents. The isolation of polyphenols from non-food grade S. ramosissima was investigated using sequential membrane filtration with and without acid pretreatment, liquid-liquid extraction, resin adsorption, and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC); analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay for total polyphenols; and finally analyzed using UPLC-TQMS in negative ion-spray mode for detection of 14 polyphenols. Sequential membrane filtration and acid hydrolysis indicated the polyphenols forming complexes with other compounds, retaining the polyphenols in the retentate fraction of large molecular weight cut-off membrane sizes. Conventional liquid-liquid extraction using sequential ethyl acetate and n-butanol showed most polyphenols were extracted, apart from chlorogenic acids, indicating a low isolation efficiency of higher polarity polyphenols. Analysis of the extract after resin adsorption by Amberlite XAD-4 resin showed high efficiency for separation, with 100% of polyphenols adsorbed to the resin after 13 bed volumes and 96.7% eluted from the resin using ethanol. CPC fractionations were performed to fractionate the concentrated extract after resin adsorption. CPC fractionations of the 14 polyphenols were performed using an organic or aqueous phase as a mobile phase. Depending on the mobile phase, different compounds were isolated in a high concentration. Using these easily scalable methods, it was possible to comprehensively study the polyphenols of interest from S. ramosissima and their isolation mechanics. This study will potentially lead the way for the large-scale isolation of polyphenols from S. ramosissima and other complex halophytes. The compounds of the highest concentration after CPC fractionation were isoquercitrin and hyperoside (155.27 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (85.54 mg/g), cryptochlorogenic acid (101.50 mg/g), and protocatechuic acid (398.67 mg/g), and further isolation using CPC could potentially yield novel polyphenol nutraceuticals.

Extraction and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Seed Draff in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Macroporous Resins.

Aucubin (AU) is an active ingredient that exerts strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of several diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization of traditional biomass waste, Eucommia ulmoides seed-draff (EUSD) waste biomass was used as the raw material, and a series of deep eutectic solvents were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of aucubin from EUSD. A response surface experiment was designed based on a single-factor experiment to optimize the extract conditions. The results showed that the best conditions for aucubin extraction were an HBD-HBA ratio of 2.18, a liquid-solid ratio of 46.92 mL/g, a water percentage of 37.95%, a temperature of 321.03 K, and an extraction time of 59.55 min. The maximum amount of aucubin was 156.4 mg/g, which was consistent with the theoretical value (156.8 mg/g). Then, the performance of 12 resins for adsorption and desorption was contrasted. The results revealed that HPD950 resin exhibited the best performance, with an adsorption capacity of 95.2% and a desorption capacity of 94.3%. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model provided the best match to the kinetics data, the Langmuir model provided the best fit to the isotherm data, and adsorption was a beneficial, spontaneous, exothermic, and physical process. In the recyclability test, the HPD950 resin had great potential and excellent sustainability in aucubin recovery. In the antioxidant activity study, the aucubin extract exerted a strong antioxidant ability with scavenging capabilities for four free radicals. Furthermore, the antifungal activity study found that the aucubin extract exhibited a good antifungal effect against 5 tested pathogens. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvent and a certain application value for the development and utilization of natural aucubin products.

Cross-linked amidoxime porous resin for selective gallium separation in Bayer solutions: Reaction mechanism and kinetic study

The commercial resin suffers from slow diffusion rates and long mass transfer times, limiting its practical application in gallium extraction in Bayer solution. A novel amidoxime grafted polyacrylonitrile-styrene–divinylbenzene (A-PSD) resin was prepared by suspension acrylonitrile-styrene–divinylbenzene resins and subsequent electrophilic addition of hydroxylamine hydrochloride with amidoxime. Adsorption sites and mechanism study proved that the Ga3+ reacted with the amidoxime groups (CNOH) on the A-PSD resins. The A-PSD resins for Ga3+ adsorption followed the Langmuir model and exhibited excellent adsorption performance in Bayer solution with a Ga3+ capacity of 14.67 mg/g at 25 °C. The kinetic adsorption experiment showed that the adsorption process was controlled by chemical reaction and followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The penetration curves of the column experiments indicate the possibility of industrial application of A-PSD resins, which may lay the groundwork for a new alternative to Ga3+ adsorption resins.

Recovery of Valuable Metals from Polymetallic Refractory Concentrate by a Sulfuric Acid Curing and Leaching Method

Sulfuric acid curing and leaching is a promising technology for treating refractory ores. In this work, a refractory concentrate containing 3191 ppm uranium (U), 2135 ppm niobium (Nb), and 0.7% rare earth minerals (REMs) went through two stages: curing by high-concentration H2SO4 and leaching by low-concentration H2SO4. We investigated the behavior of those valuable metals during the two stages. For both curing and leaching, the operating parameters include the acid-to-solid ratio, time, temperature, and H2SO4 concentration. The recovery for U, Nb, and REMs was as high as 95%, 86%, and 73.5% using a curing acid-to-solid ratio of 1:1, curing temperature of 200 °C, curing time of 1 h, H2SO4 concentration of 98%, leaching liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1, leaching time of 2 h, leaching temperature of 60 °C, and leaching H2SO4 concentration of 5 g/L. A “sulfuric acid curing–leaching-U extraction by N235–Nb recovery by resin adsorption–REMs’ recovery by resin adsorption” method was implemented, where the overall U, Nb, and REMs’ recovery reached 93.1%, 84.5%, and 69.6%, respectively.

Method for predicting lifetime of ion exchange resin in PWR primary loop based on nuclide distribution measurement

Ion exchange resins are commonly utilized for water treatment in pressurized water reactors' primary loop. These resins have the ability to adsorb radioactive cations present in the primary loop coolant, leading to a purification effect. However, the resin becomes radioactive post-purification and cannot be regenerated, thus requiring regular replacement. As the process of resin replacement exposes personnel to radiation, it is crucial to enhance the resin's utilization. This paper aims to investigate a non-destructive testing method for evaluating the lifetime of resin in pressurized water reactor purification units. It also aims to offer guidance for safe resin replacement. The resin is contained in a column (commonly referred to as ion exchange columns) and consumed from top to bottom, with radioactivity decreasing in intensity from top to bottom. The study utilizes the longitudinal radioactivity distribution characteristics of ionic resins to build a gamma-ray detection system with high resistance to interlayer interference and good longitudinal resolution. In this study, a two-stage resin column was utilized to capture common fission product nuclides and corrosion-activated nuclides, such as 60Co, 137Cs, 54Mn, and 124Sb, from the effluent of a pressurized water reactor. The distribution of these nuclides was measured using this device. The results indicate that the activity levels of 60Co, 137Cs, and 54Mn reached their peak in the column before rapidly declining. The height of the resin layer corresponding to the highest activity level of each nuclide varied, indicating the resin's adsorption selectivity. After processing an additional 10 tons of wastewater, a second measurement was taken which showed that the failure range of the resin expanded downwards as the treated water volume increased. The entire distribution curve of the nuclides within the exchange column also shifted upwards and to the right. By comparing the first and second observations, we discovered that the bottom part of the resin will fail when the activity of the most penetrating nuclide in the wastewater surpasses a specific threshold. This research suggests a novel approach to predicting the lifetime of resin, which generalizes the trend of radionuclide intensity inside the ion exchange column.

Optimized Separation of Carthamin from Safflower by Macroporous Adsorption Resins and Its Protective Effects on PC12 Cells Injured by OGD/R via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway.

The growing demand for safe natural products has reignited people's interest in natural food pigments. Here, we proposed the use of macroporous adsorption resins (MARs) to separate and purify carthamin from safflower. The optimal parameters for carthamin purification with HPD400 MAR were determined as follows: a mass ratio of crude carthamin in sample solution to wet resin of 0.3, a crude carthamin solution concentration of 0.125 g·mL-1, a pH of 6.00, a sample volume flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1, an ethanol volume fraction of 58%, an elution volume of 4 BV, and an elution volume flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. Under the above purification conditions, the recovery rate of carthamin was above 96%. Carthamin dramatically improved the survival rate of PC12 cells damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation and protected them from oxidative stress by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species and increasing the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) levels. Carthamin promoted extracellularly regulated protein kinase phosphorylation into the nucleus, permitting Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulating the gene expression of the rate-limiting enzymes glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit and glutamate-cysteine ligase regulatory subunit of GSH synthesis to obliterate free radicals and exert antioxidant effects. This study revealed the purification method of carthamin and its antioxidant protective effects, providing important insights into the application of carthamin in functional foods.

Removal of the “Foxy” Odorant Methyl Anthranilate from Concord Grape Juice by Membrane Filtration Coupled to Resin Adsorption

Removal of the “Foxy” Odorant Methyl Anthranilate from Concord Grape Juice by Membrane Filtration Coupled to Resin Adsorption