The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of ego resilience on correlation between parent-child communication and self-directed learning ability in middle school students. The subjects of this study were 417 out of 500 male and female students attending a coeducational middle school located in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, and a survey was conducted by employing the parent-child Received(November 24, 2015), Review request(November 25, 2015), Review Result(1st: December 10, 2015, 2nd: December 29, 2015) Accepted(January 09, 2016), Published(January 31, 2016) 63262 Jeju Univ., Jeju Daehakro 102(Ara 1 dong, Jeju National University) email : kcs0956@hanmail.net (Corresponding Author) 63243 Dept. Education, Jeju Univ., Jeju Daehakro 102(Ara 1 dong, Jeju National University) Tel.064)754-2167 email : edu114@jejunu.ac.kr The Mediating Effect of Ego Resilience on Correlation between Middle School Students’ Communication with their Parents and Self-directed Learning Ability : Surveying middle school students residing in Jeju Copyright c 2016 HSST 252 communication scale, self-directed learning ability scale, and ego resilience scale. The findings of this study can be summed up as below: First, according to the correlation analysis, there was significantly positive correlation between parent-child communication and ego resilience and also between ego resilience and self-directed learning ability. Second, according to the result of examining the mediating effect of ego resilience in correlation between parent-child communication and self-directed learning ability, the model’s goodness of fit index (GFI) was found to be favorable as χ2(N=417)=94.58(df=32), NFI=.959, RFI=.943, TLI=.961, CFI=.973, RMSEA=.069, and RMR=.0412. Also, concerning the mediating effect, not in the study model but in the competitive model, ego resilience was found to show full mediation in correlation between parent-communication and self-directed learning ability in p<.001. This implies that parent-child communication does not influence self-directedness directly but indirectly with the mediation of ego resilience. In the end, this researcher discusses the significance and implications of this study.