Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues Research Articles

Report for 2022 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

Report for 2022 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

Contaminants in honey: an analysis of EU RASFF notifications from 2002 to 2022

Honey is regarded as natural and healthy. However, a variety of contaminants could be present in the areas of production. The study aimed to identify the top hazard categories in Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) notifications for honey from 2002 to 2022, taking into account the notification year and type, country of origin, notifying country, risk decision, and actions taken. All RASFF notifications were processed in Pivot tables using Microsoft Excel. Out of 388 notifications for honey in the last 21 years 309 (79.64%) concerned the unauthorized residues of veterinary medicinal products hazard category, followed by adulteration/fraud (5.15%), foreign bodies (2.83%), pesticide residues (2.58%), and poor or insufficient controls (2.58%). China was the most frequently notified country of origin (25.77%), followed by Turkey (6.44%), Ukraine (6.19%), Argentina (6.19%), and Bulgaria (5.67%). Germany was the most frequently notifying country (16.49%), followed by the UK (16.24%), Spain (13.40%), Italy (10.82%), and Belgium (7.99%). Among all notifications, 22.68% were alerted and 12.37% were border rejected. The notification frequency (%) and mean concentration ± standard deviation (SD) (μg/kg) of the most frequently reported contaminants in the honey were as follows: chloramphenicol (25.26%, 172.10 ± 827.92 μg/kg), followed by streptomycin (12.11%, 104.94 ± 209.44 μg/kg), sulfathiazole (9.54%, 52.31 ± 52.62 μg/kg), tylosin (4.90%, 9.03 ± 11.23 μg/kg), and sulfadimidine (4.64%, 254.99 ± 587.00 μg/kg), respectively, due to their application by beekeepers to control infectious diseases of bees. Strict restrictions must be put in place to reduce the risk posed by these contaminants in honey.

Serious notifications on residues of veterinary medicinal products in food from RASFF (2012–2020)

Serious alert (sA) and serious border rejection (sBR) notifications on RVMP from the RASFF Portal (https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/rasff-window/portal/?event=SearchForm&cleanSearch=1#) were utilised to generate “lag phases” (time intervals from sampling day to notification day), presented as a relative percent (%) share, in order to highlight the timely reporting of serious hazards, on RVMP in food. The 51-≥101 days lag phase, as an global value (of all RASFF Member States observed together), in sA and sBR notifications was 17.98% and 4.23%, respectively, whereas the 0–30 days lag phase, in sA and sBR notifications was 35.95% and 79.66%, respectively. A lack of harmonization was observed between the top-4 EU RASFF MS (having contributed the most sA and sBR notifications). In sA notifications on RVMP, the combinations of the highest prevalence of specific hazards in the most frequently notified food product categories were: i) meat and meat products (other than poultry) + (oxy)phenylbutazone, and ii) fish and fish products + (leuco)malachite green, whereas in the sBR were i) crustaceans and products thereof + nitrofuran (metabolite) and ii) fish and fish products + nitrofuran (metabolite). A more rapid notification of sA is hereby proposed to effectively attain harmonisation with the revealed timely notification of sBR on RVMP in food by the EU RASFF MS. This could be realized with focused audits on the part of the European Commission's Health and Food Audits and Analysis, aiming at the enhanced protection of Public Health.

Report for 2021 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

The report summarises the monitoring data collected in 2021 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and other substances such as environmental contaminants in live animals and animal products in the European Union, Iceland, Norway and United Kingdom (Northern Ireland). A total of 621,205 samples were reported to the European Commission by the 27 EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and United Kingdom (Northern Ireland). They consisted of 351,637 targeted samples and 4,562 suspect samples reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC, and of 2,803 samples collected at import and 262,203 samples collected in the framework of programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of countries fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC. Overall, the percentage of non-compliant samples in 2021 (0.17%) was lower compared to the previous 12 years (0.19%-0.37%). Compared to the results from 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020, in 2021 the frequency of non-compliant results was decreased for antithyroid agents, while for steroids and resorcylic acid lactones the frequency of non-compliant results was higher than in 2020, but lower compared to the previous years. For prohibited substances, compared to 2020 the frequency on non-compliance in 2021 was higher, although in line with that of 2017 and 2018. Decreases compared to all previous years were noted for other substances and environmental contaminants, chemical elements (including metals) and dyes. A sharp increase compared to all previous years was found for ‘other substances’.

Report for 2020 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

The report summarises the monitoring data generated in 2020 in the frame of official control activities on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the European Union, Iceland and Norway. A total of 620,758 samples for nearly 13 million single analytical results were reported to the European Commission by the 27 EU Member States, Iceland and Norway; of those samples, 331,789 were targeted samples and 4,259 suspect samples reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC, while 2,551 samples were collected at import and 282,159 samples tested in the framework of programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of countries fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC. Overall, the percentage of non-compliant samples in 2020 (0.19%) was lower compared to 2019 (0.30%), but also compared to the previous 11 years (0.25%-0.37%). The same overall pattern was observed for targeted samples in 2020 (0.27%) compared to the previous 3 years (0.30%-0.35%). Compared to the results from 2017, 2018 and 2019, in 2020 the frequency of non-compliant results was decreased for antithyroid agents, steroids and resorcylic acid lactones. For prohibited substances, compared to 2019 the frequency on non-compliance in 2020 was higher, although lower compared to 2017 and 2018. For chemical elements (including metals), compared to 2017 and 2019, the frequency on non-compliance in 2020 was lower, although higher compared to 2018. Decreases were noted for anthelmintics, organochlorine compounds, organophosphorus compounds, dyes and ‘other substances’, compared to 2017, 2018 and 2019 results. For anticoccidials, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ‘other pharmacologically active substances’ and mycotoxins, compared to 2019 the frequency on non-compliance was higher while lower for other substances and environmental contaminants. For the other substance groups, there were no notable variations.

Technical report on handling occurrence data for dietary exposure assessments

EFSA has the mandate to collect data on the occurrence of chemicals in food and feed in relation to various domains (i.e. contaminants, food additives, pesticide residues and veterinary medicinal product residues (VMPRs)) at the level of the European Union. National food authorities, research institutions, academia, food business operators and other stakeholders submit data to EFSA in the SSD2 (Standard Sample Description version 2) format. A crucial prerequisite for reliable dietary exposure and risk assessments is that the occurrence data are harmonised and accurate. Quality issues, inconsistencies or incomplete information may have a considerable impact on the accuracy of the dietary exposure assessments carried out for EFSA’s scientific outputs, especially when these data have been collected from different countries and institutions. Considering that exposure assessment is a critical component of risk assessment, the present report proposes guidance for the resolution of the issues that affect the occurrence data. Although primarily intended for the use of EFSA exposure assessors dealing with cleaning and further adjustments of the occurrence data in relation to contaminants in food and feed, food additives and pesticides residues levels in food, it can be applied by any exposure assessor dealing with the assessment of dietary exposure to food chemicals. The following most commonly occurring issues that can affect the occurrence data used for dietary exposure assessments were identified: sampling strategy, pooled samples, country of origin, date of sampling, analytical method not available, issues related to limit of detection/quantification, data below detection capability, recovery, occurrence data expressed differently than on whole weight, qualitative occurrence data, conversion factors and occurrence data on ‘grains as crops’. The report is designed to introduce these issues and to provide practical instructions on an appropriate approach to address those that are identified during the cleaning and preparation of chemical occurrence data that are being used to estimate dietary exposure.

Report for 2019 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

The report summarises the monitoring data collected in 2019 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the European Union, Iceland and Norway. A total of 671,642 samples were reported to the European Commission by the 27 out of the 28 EU Member States, Iceland and Norway. They consisted of 368,594 targeted samples and 5,016 suspect samples reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC, and of 2,342 samples collected at import and 295,690 samples collected in the framework of programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of countries fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC. Overall, the percentage of non-compliant samples in 2019 (0.32%) was comparable to the previous 11 years (0.25%-0.37%).Compared to the results from 2017 and 2018, in 2019 the frequency of non-compliant results was slightly increased for antithyroid agents and steroids. For chemical elements, compared to 2018, the frequency of non-compliance in 2019 was higher, although lower compared to 2017. Slight decreases were noted in 2019, for resorcylic acid lactones, prohibited substances, antibacterials, anticoccidials, and dyes, compared to 2017 and 2018.

Reforming of legislation on the residues of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin as a component of Ukraine food security

It is known that the food security of the state, aimed at providing the population with quality and healthy food, is an important component of economic security. Recent developments in the world and national security challenges posed by the Covid-19 virus pandemic necessitate a reassessment of approaches to the legal regulation of issues that significantly affect human health. Today, the reform of the relevant national legislation on FAR residues in food requires a systematic and holistic approach and the definition of its priorities in such a way as to promote food safety and the development of domestic business. The article is devoted to the analysis of the current Ukraine legislation concerning regulation of residues of veterinary medicinal products in foodstuffs of animal origin. It was shown that the formation of such legislation was due to the development of international trade, including the fulfilment of the European Union requirements for the safety of foodstuffs imported into its market. At the same time, the conclusion of the Association Agreement and the introduction of a Free trade zone with the EU was a significant impetus to the reforming of national legislation on residues. The analysis of EU regulations, which serves as a legal basis for the residues control at the EU level, was carried out. It is noted that today in the Ukrainian legislation, despite the introduction of annual national plans for state monitoring of residues of veterinary medicinal products and contaminants in live animals and unprocessed foodstuffs of animal origin, there are a number of gaps that require urgent legislative regulation. It was proved that the completion of the reform of the national legislation on residues will contribute to improving safety of domestic foodstuffs, and therefore, will have important positive consequences not only for the development of trade with the EU, but primarily for the food security of Ukraine and the protection of the health of Ukrainian citizens.

Report for 2018 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

The report summarises the monitoring data collected in 2018 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the European Union. A total of 657,818 samples were reported to the European Commission by the 28 EU Member States. They consisted of 354,517 targeted samples and 5,095 suspect samples reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC, and of 3,022 samples collected at import and 295,184 samples collected in the framework of programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of Member States fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC. Overall, the percentage of non-compliant samples in 2018(0.30%) was comparable to the previous 10 years (0.25%-0.37%), althoughslightly lower compared to 2017 (0.35%). Compared to the results from 2017, in 2018the frequency of non-compliant results was slightly increased for antithyroid agents, steroids, and ‘others’. Slight decreases were noted forantibacterials, anthelmintics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ‘other pharmacologically active substances’, organochlorine compounds, chemical elements, mycotoxins and dyes. For the other substance groups, there were no notable variations.

Impact of residues of veterinary medicinal products in food of animal origin on public health safety in Poland in the years 2003-2017

Monitoring the presence of residues of unauthorized substances, chemical and biological residues, medicinal products and radioactive contamination in food is an important element of the system for protection of consumers against hazardous foods. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of monitoring tests for the presence of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics affecting consumer safety in products of animal origin that were carried out in Poland in the years 2003-2017. The material for analysis were annual reports on the results of tests for the presence of prohibited substances, chemical and biological residues, medicinal products and radioactive contamination in food produced in Poland. Samples for testing were taken at random from food of animal origin produced on farms under the supervision of the Veterinary Inspectorate. The reports present data on monitoring tests carried out in the years 2003-2017. The analysis was based on the results for B1 substances, which include antibacterial substances, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics approved for use in food-producing animals. The results from the last two years of research were analyzed in detail, including the results for prohibited substances with antibacterial action from group A6 (prohibited substances) and, in the case of poultry, for coccidiostats (group B2b).The results of the monitoring studies in Poland indicate that both veterinarians and animal breeders were aware that the proper use of chemotherapeutics and compliance with waiting periods are necessary to ensure food safety. Samples that exceeded the standards represented less than 0.3% of all samples tested in all types of food. According to the results of these studies, antibiotic residues were most frequently found in honey.

Report for 2017 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

The report summarises the monitoring data collected in 2017 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the European Union. A total of 708,880 samples were reported to the European Commission by the 28 EU Member States. They consisted of 360,293 targeted samples and 55,088 suspect samples reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC, and of 16,542 samples collected at import and 276,957 samples collected in the framework of programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of Member States fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC. Overall in 2017, the percentage of non-compliant targeted samples (0.35%) was comparable to the previous 10 years (0.25%–0.37%).

Report for 2016 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

The report summarises the monitoring data collected in 2016 on the presence of residues of veterinary medicinal products and certain substances in live animals and animal products in the European Union. A total of 710,839 samples were reported to the European Commission by 27 out of the 28 Member States. They consisted of 369,262 targeted samples and 21,350 suspect samples reported under Council Directive 96/23/EC, and of 4,075 samples collected at import and 316,152 samples collected in the framework of programmes developed under the national legislation. The majority of Member States fulfilled the minimum requirements for sampling frequency, laid down in Council Directive 96/23/EC and in Commission Decision 97/747/EC. Overall in 2016, the percentage of non-compliant targeted samples (0.31%) was comparable to the previous 9 years (0.25%-0.37%). In 2016, high frequencies of non-compliant samples were reported again for chemical elements (mainly metals). Over the 10 year period, the highest and lowest frequencies of non-compliant samples for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibacterials, respectively, were reported in 2016. Decreases in the percentage of non-compliant samples, compared to more recent years, were noted for antithyroid agents, resorcylic acid lactones and mycotoxins. This analysis should be regarded as having a certain degree of uncertainty, as it is based on partially aggregated data and the sampling plans and the spectrum of substances analysed are not necessarily the same every year.

Report for 2015 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 14, Issue 11 1150E Technical reportOpen Access Report for 2015 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products European Food Safety Authority, European Food Safety AuthoritySearch for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority, European Food Safety AuthoritySearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 November 2017 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1150Citations: 5 Requestor: European Commission Question number: EFSA-Q-2016-00213 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Clouet AS, Le Bizec B, Montrade MP, Monteau F and André F, 1997. Identification of endogenous 19-nortestosterone in pregnant ewes by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.Analyst, 122, 471– 474. EC (European Commission), 2007. European Commission Staff Working Document on the implementation of National Residue Monitoring Plans in the Member States in 2007. Available online: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/residues/workdoc_2007_en.pdf EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010. Report for 2008 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in food of animal origin in the Member States. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(4):1559, 55 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1559 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2011a. Evaluation of the data collection performed in the framework of Directive 96/23/EC. EFSA Supporting Publication 2011; 8(1):EN-103, 20 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2011.EN-103 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2011b. Report for 2009 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting Publication 2011; 8(5):158, 70 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2011.EN-158 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2012. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2010 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting publication 2012; 9(3):212, 65 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.EN-212 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2013. Report for 2011 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting publication 2013; 10(4):EN-363, 65 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.EN-363 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2014. Report for 2012 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting publication 2014; 11(6):EN-540, 65 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2014.EN-540 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Report for 2013 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting publication 2015; 12(11):EN-723, 69 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-723 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2016. Report for 2014 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA Supporting publications 2016; 13(5):EN-923, 70 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.EN-923 Fidani M, Pompa G, Mungiguerra F, Casati A, Fracchiolla ML and Arioli F, 2012. Investigation of the presence of endogenous prednisolone in equine urine by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 26, 879– 886. Pinel G, Mathieu S, Cesbron N, Maume D, De Brabander HF, André F and Le Bizec B, 2006. Evidence that urinary excretion of thiouracil in adult bovine submitted to a cruciferous diet can give erroneous indications of the possible illegal use of thyrostats in meat production. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23, 974– 980. Pompa G, Arioli F, Casati A, Fidani M, Bertocchi L and Dusi G, 2011. Investigation of the origin of prednisolone in cow urine. Steroids, 76, 104– 110. Samuels TP, Nedderman A, Seymour MA and Houghton E, 1998. Study of the metabolism of testosterone, nandrolone and estradiol in cattle. Analyst, 123, 2401– 2404. Van der Fel-Klerx HJ, Liu C and Battilani P, 2016. Modelling climate changes impacts on mycotoxin contamination. World Mycotoxin Journal, 9, 717– 726. Citing Literature Volume14, Issue11November 20171150E ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonized data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Croatia

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 14, Issue 6 1244E External scientific reportOpen Access Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonized data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Croatia Croatian Food Agency (HAH), Croatian Food Agency (HAH)Search for more papers by this authorSandra Bašić, Sandra BašićSearch for more papers by this authorDarja Sokolić, Darja SokolićSearch for more papers by this authorDarko Mikec, Darko MikecSearch for more papers by this authorDavor Ileš, Davor IlešSearch for more papers by this author Croatian Food Agency (HAH), Croatian Food Agency (HAH)Search for more papers by this authorSandra Bašić, Sandra BašićSearch for more papers by this authorDarja Sokolić, Darja SokolićSearch for more papers by this authorDarko Mikec, Darko MikecSearch for more papers by this authorDavor Ileš, Davor IlešSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1244 Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00637 Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. Updated: 1 August 2017 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010; Standard sample description for food and feed. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(1):1457, 54 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1457 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2013. Standard Sample Description ver. 2.0. EFSA Journal 2013; 11 (10):3424, 114 pp., doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3424 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. The food classification and description system FoodEx2 (revision 2). EFSA Supporting Publication 2015; 12(5):EN-804, 90 pp. doi:10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-804 Reporting data on pesticide residues in food and feed according to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 (2014 data collection), in: EFSA Journal 2015, 13(7): 4195 Specific requirements for chemical contaminant and food additive occurrence data submission, EFSA Technical report, in: EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-833. Guidelines for reporting data on residues of veterinary medicinal products, in: EFSA Journal 2015: EN-783 Volume14, Issue6June 20171244E ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonized data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Hungary

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 14, Issue 6 1236E External scientific reportOpen Access Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonized data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Hungary National Food Chain Safety Office (NEBIH), National Food Chain Safety Office (NEBIH)Search for more papers by this authorAttila Nagy, Attila NagySearch for more papers by this authorLászló Mészáros, László MészárosSearch for more papers by this authorKrisztián Varga, Krisztián VargaSearch for more papers by this authorAndrás Sitkei, András SitkeiSearch for more papers by this authorAdrienn Vásárhelyi, Adrienn VásárhelyiSearch for more papers by this authorRenáta Prisztóka, Renáta PrisztókaSearch for more papers by this authorPéter Keresztény, Péter KereszténySearch for more papers by this authorKata Kerekes, Kata KerekesSearch for more papers by this author National Food Chain Safety Office (NEBIH), National Food Chain Safety Office (NEBIH)Search for more papers by this authorAttila Nagy, Attila NagySearch for more papers by this authorLászló Mészáros, László MészárosSearch for more papers by this authorKrisztián Varga, Krisztián VargaSearch for more papers by this authorAndrás Sitkei, András SitkeiSearch for more papers by this authorAdrienn Vásárhelyi, Adrienn VásárhelyiSearch for more papers by this authorRenáta Prisztóka, Renáta PrisztókaSearch for more papers by this authorPéter Keresztény, Péter KereszténySearch for more papers by this authorKata Kerekes, Kata KerekesSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1236 Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00648 Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 European Food Safety Authority, 2010a. Standard Sample Description for food and feed. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(1):1457, DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1457. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1457/epdf) 2 European Food Safety Authority, 2014a. Guidance on data exchange version 2.0. EFSA Journal 2014; 12(12):3945, DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3945. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3945/epdf) 3 European Food Safety Authority, Specific requirements for chemical contaminants and food additive occurrence data submission. Published: 30 June 2015, DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-833. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.en-833/pdf) 4 European Food Safety Authority, 2013a. Standard sample description ver. 2.0. EFSA Journal 2013; 11(10):3424, DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3424. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3424/epdf) 5 European Food Safety Authority, 2013b. Use of the EFSA Standard Sample Description for the reporting of data on the control of pesticide residues in food and feed according to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. EFSA Journal 2012; 10(3):2628, DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2628. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2628/epdf) 6 European Food Safety Authority, 2015. Guidelines for reporting data on residues of veterinary medicinal products. Published: 31 March 2015, DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-783 (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.en-783/pdf) 7 European Food Safety Authority, 2015a. The food classification and description system FoodEx2 (revision 2). Published: 30 April 2015, DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.EN-804. (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/sp.efsa.2015.en-804/pdf) 8 REGULATION (EC) No 1333/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 2008 on food additives. (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32008R1333) Volume14, Issue6June 20171236E ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonised data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Cyprus

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 14, Issue 6 1238E External scientific reportOpen Access Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonised data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Cyprus State General Laboratory of Cyprus (SGL), State General Laboratory of Cyprus (SGL)Search for more papers by this authorAgathi Anastasi, Agathi AnastasiSearch for more papers by this authorMilitsa Hadjigeorgiou, Militsa HadjigeorgiouSearch for more papers by this authorSpyroula Constantinou, Spyroula ConstantinouSearch for more papers by this author State General Laboratory of Cyprus (SGL), State General Laboratory of Cyprus (SGL)Search for more papers by this authorAgathi Anastasi, Agathi AnastasiSearch for more papers by this authorMilitsa Hadjigeorgiou, Militsa HadjigeorgiouSearch for more papers by this authorSpyroula Constantinou, Spyroula ConstantinouSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1238 Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00646 Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2013. Standard Sample Description ver.2.0. EFSA Journal 2013; 11(10):3424, 122pp. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. The food classification and description system FoodEx2 (revision 2)”. EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-804, 90pp. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Guidelines for reporting data on residues of veterinary medicinal products. EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-783, 77pp. EFSA Information Technology Unit, 2015. DCF Data Provider User Guide Ver.3. 97pp. “SSD_STRUCTURE” excel tables provided by EFSA. Foodex2 browser tool provided by EFSA (Foodex 2.0 win 32 0.1.3s7). Cyprus Data Standardisation Document, 2015 (Deliverable 1 of this project), 23pp. Volume14, Issue6June 20171238E ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pilot Project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonized data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Lithuania

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 14, Issue 6 1235E External scientific reportOpen Access Pilot Project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonized data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Lithuania National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI), National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI)Search for more papers by this authorSnieguole Trumpickaite Dzekcioriene, Snieguole Trumpickaite DzekciorieneSearch for more papers by this authorSarunas Nebilevicius, Sarunas NebileviciusSearch for more papers by this authorIndre Stoskuviene, Indre StoskuvieneSearch for more papers by this authorAgniete Grusauskiene, Agniete GrusauskieneSearch for more papers by this author National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI), National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute (NFVRAI)Search for more papers by this authorSnieguole Trumpickaite Dzekcioriene, Snieguole Trumpickaite DzekciorieneSearch for more papers by this authorSarunas Nebilevicius, Sarunas NebileviciusSearch for more papers by this authorIndre Stoskuviene, Indre StoskuvieneSearch for more papers by this authorAgniete Grusauskiene, Agniete GrusauskieneSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1235 Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00649 Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010a. Standard sample description for food and feed. EFSA Journal. 2010; 8(1): 1457 [ 54 pp.]. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010b. Guidance on Data Exchange EFSA Journal 2010; 8(11):1895 [ 50 pp.]. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2014c. Guidance on Data Exchange version 2.0. EFSA Journal 2014; 12(12):3945, 173 pp. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3945 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015a. Revision of specific requirements for chemical contaminants and food additives for reporting data in SSD2, EFSA Supporting publication 2015:EN-921 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015b. Guidance for reporting data on residues of pesticide residues in food and feed according to Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 (2014 data collection). EFSA Journal 2015; 13(7):4195, 61 pp. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4195 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Guidelines for reporting data on residues of veterinary medicinal products. EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-783. 77 pp. Volume14, Issue6June 20171235E ReferencesRelatedInformation

Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonised data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Portugal

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 14, Issue 6 1237E External scientific reportOpen Access Pilot project on the implementation of SSD2 in the frame of the electronic transmission of harmonised data collection of analytical results to EFSA: Portugal National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA, IP, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA, IPSearch for more papers by this authorFrancisco Ravasco, Francisco RavascoSearch for more papers by this authorSidney Tomé, Sidney ToméSearch for more papers by this authorPatrícia Inácio, Patrícia InácioSearch for more papers by this authorLuísa Oliveira, Luísa OliveiraSearch for more papers by this author National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA, IP, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA, IPSearch for more papers by this authorFrancisco Ravasco, Francisco RavascoSearch for more papers by this authorSidney Tomé, Sidney ToméSearch for more papers by this authorPatrícia Inácio, Patrícia InácioSearch for more papers by this authorLuísa Oliveira, Luísa OliveiraSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 June 2017 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.EN-1237 Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00647 Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by the Authority. The European Food Safety Authority reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors. AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Guidelines for reporting data on residues of veterinary medicinal products. EFSA supporting publication 2015:EN-783. 77 pp. European Food Safety Authority, 2014. Guidance on Data Exchange version 2.0. EFSA Journal 2014; 12(12):3945, 173 pp., doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3945 European Food Safety Authority; Standard sample description for food and feed. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(1):1457 [ 54 pp.]. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1457. Available online: www.efsa.europa.eu GUIDANCE OF EFSA - Standard Sample Description ver. 2.0 - EFSA Journal 2013; 11(10):3424. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3424.htm GUIDANCE OF EFSA - Standard Sample Description ver. 2.0 - EFSA Journal 2013; 11(10):3424. EXCEL Supplementary Material Table. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3424.htm National controlled terminologies and data formats Volume14, Issue6June 20171237E ReferencesRelatedInformation

Emerging food safety issues: An EU perspective.

Safe food is the right of every citizen of the European Union (EU). A comprehensive and dynamic framework of food and feed safety legislation has been put in place and the EU's executive arm - the European Commission - is responsible for ensuring that the EU member states apply food law consistently. Similarly, the Commission plays an important role in ensuring that imported food meets the EU's stringent food safety standards. Consumer perceptions of unsafe food tend to focus on acute outbreaks of bacterial or viral origin. In recent years there have been a number of diverse food crises associated with fraudulent activity which may (e.g. melamine in dairy products in China) or may not (e.g. the horse meat scandal in the EU) represent a genuine food safety risk. Well publicized incidents of chronic exposure to chemical contamination in the EU (e.g. dioxins in meat and mycotoxins in nuts) have required robust coordinated policy responses from the Commission. Despite the decreasing incidence of non-compliant residues of veterinary medicinal products and banned substances in animal products, EU consumers are increasingly concerned about the use of such products in food-producing animals, including in the context of the build-up of antimicrobial resistance in animals and transfer to humans. The Commission plays a key role in coordination of the EU member states' responses to such incidents, in risk management, and in preparation for emerging issues. This paper focuses on how the EU as a whole has dealt with a number of food crises, and what can be learned from past incidents. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Report for 2014 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products

EFSA Supporting PublicationsVolume 13, Issue 5 923E Technical reportOpen Access Report for 2014 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)Search for more papers by this author European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)Search for more papers by this author First published: 25 May 2016 https://doi.org/10.2903/sp.efsa.2016.EN-923Citations: 6 Published date: 25 May 2016 Question number: EFSA-Q-2015-00031 AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References Clouet AS, Le Bizec B, Montrade MP, Monteau F and André F, 1997. Identification of endogenous 19-nortestosterone in pregnant ewes by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Analyst, 122, 471474. EC (European Commission), 2007. European Commission Staff Working Document on the implementation of National Residue Monitoring Plans in the Member States in 2007. Available online: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/residues/workdoc_2007_en.pdf EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010a. Report for 2008 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in food of animal origin in the Member States. EFSA Journal 2010; 8(4):1559, 55 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1559 EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010b. Technical report of EFSA: Evaluation of the data collection performed in the framework of Directive 96/23/EC. 20 pp. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/doc/103e.pdf EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2011. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2009 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. Supporting Publications 2011: 158, 70 pp. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/doc/158e.pdf EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2012. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2010 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. Supporting Publications 2012: 212, 65 pp. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/search/doc/212e.pdf EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2013. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2011 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA supporting publications 2013: EN-363, 65 pp. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/doc/363e.pdf EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2014. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2012 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA supporting publications 2014: EN-540, 65 pp. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/540e.htm EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2015. Technical report of EFSA: Report for 2013 on the results from the monitoring of veterinary medicinal product residues and other substances in live animals and animal products. EFSA supporting publications 2015: EN-723, 69 pp. Available online: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/723e.htm Fidani M, Pompa G, Mungiguerra F, Casati A, Fracchiolla ML and Arioli F, 2012. Investigation of the presence of endogenous prednisolone in equine urine by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 26, 879– 886. Pinel G, Mathieu S, Cesbron N, Maume D, De Brabander HF, André F and Le Bizec B, 2006. Evidence that urinary excretion of thiouracil in adult bovine submitted to a cruciferous diet can give erroneous indications of the possible illegal use of thyrostats in meat production. Food Additives and Contaminants, 23, 974– 980. Pompa G, Arioli F, Casati A, Fidani M, Bertocchi L and Dusi G, 2011. Investigation of the origin of prednisolone in cow urine. Steroids, 76, 104– 110. Samuels TP, Nedderman A, Seymour MA and Houghton E, 1998. Study of the metabolism of testosterone, nandrolone and estradiol in cattle. Analyst, 123, 2401– 2404. Citing Literature Volume13, Issue5May 2016923E This article also appears in:Chemical residues data ReferencesRelatedInformation