Residential Section Research Articles

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF SOCIAL AND PROTECTED HOUSING FROM VOLUME BLOCKS

Purpose. Application of a systematic approach to the design of social and safe housing for the population in the form of residential buildings of rapid construction with constructive measures regarding the requirements of inclusivity. The project of a 9-story residential building using Speedstac modules with external insulation from KingSpan thermal insulation boards is proposed. Methodology. The possibility of developing design solutions for a residential building made of three-dimensional blocks with the use of insulation of facades with KingSpan slabs was considered. The advantages of block construction were analyzed and design solutions were developed for the facade, arrangement of the roof, entrances and constructive elevators in the building for people with limited physical abilities, protective premises made of steel fiber concrete. Findings. A 9-story, 54-apartment residential building is designed, which is made of three-dimensional blocks. The external walls were insulated with KingSpan plates. Originality. Application of a complex approach to the architectural design of social and safe housing. Practical value. On the example of a designed typical residential section, the following questions are considered: economical and quick-build mass housing construction in the form of buildings from volumetric blocks, energy efficiency issues are solved by the use of effective heat-insulating panels, for protection against artillery fire, the option of arranging premises made of monolithic reinforced concrete structural elements from steel fiber concrete, which has increased impact resistance characteristics, for people with physical disabilities and mobility restrictions, a solution is proposed in the form of a separate entrance to the residential section with the use of a ramp and a lift to the common corridor and elevator.

Perceptions of Airbnb’s impact beyond the tourist bubbles of Cusco, Peru: an exploration of resident irritability

PurposeSpecifically, this study aims to examine residents’ perceptions regarding the following: the sociocultural, environmental and economic impacts generated by the presence of Airbnb and the irritability caused by the presence of Airbnb based on Doxey’s Doxey (1975) irritation index (i.e. index).Design/methodology/approachTwenty-one semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted between February and March 2021 with residents of three condominiums in the Huancaro residential complex. Data were analyzed using the qualitative data analysis software ATLAS.ti 8.FindingsResults showed that participants perceived negative economic impacts regarding investments, jobs, real estate prices and overall cost of living; negative sociocultural impacts regarding criminality, social conflicts and cultural exchange; and negative environmental impacts regarding sanitation in the context of the pandemic and the state of the Airbnb apartments. Further, it was found that participants related to the following three of the four stages of irritability: euphoria, apathy and annoyance.Research limitations/implicationsIt is necessary to complement the information with the perceptions of the residents about the city’s authorities and managers in the hotel business before the stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and the current stage.Practical implicationsThe study identifies improve Airbnb operations like establishing health paraments and defining cohabitation rules at the condominiums.Social implicationsThe residents consider that visitors’ returns produce positive and negative impacts on the quality of life being important for understanding their perceptions.Originality/valueShort-term rental companies, such as Airbnb, generate a range of impacts on urban residents, particularly when travelers encroach on areas of the city beyond the traditional “tourist bubbles.” This study explored the perceptions of Airbnb’s impacts on activities among residents of Huancaro, a residential section of Cusco-Peru, in the context of tourism reopening after a year of an almost complete halt in tourism activities because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also highlighted the heterogenetic responses to Airbnb within the community.

Air Conditioning Systems Fault Detection and Diagnosis-Based Sensing and Data-Driven Approaches

The air conditioning (AC) system is the primary building end-use contributor to the peak demand for energy. The energy consumed by this system has grown as fast as it has in the last few decades, not only in the residential section but also in the industry and transport sectors. Therefore, to combat energy crises, urgent actions on energy efficiency should be taken to support energy security. Consequently, the faults in AC system components increase energy consumption due to the degradation of the system’s performance and the losses in the energy conversion procedure. In this work, AC system fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) methods are investigated to propose analytic tools to identify faults and provide solutions to those problems. The analysis of existing work shows that data-driven approaches are more accurate for both soft and hard fault detection and diagnosis in AC systems. Therefore, the proposed methods are not accurate for simultaneous fault detection, while in some works, authors tested the method with several faults separately without investigating scenarios that combine more than one fault. Moreover, this study shows that integrating data-driven approaches requires deploying an optimal sensing and measurement architecture that can detect a maximum number of faults with minimally deployed sensors. The new sensing, information, and communication technologies are discussed for their integration in AC system monitoring in order to optimize system operation and detect faults.

Residential treatment and medication treatment for opioid use disorder: The role of state Medicaid innovations in advancing the field

BackgroundMortality due to opioid use continues to increase; effective strategies to improve access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) are needed. While OUD medications exist, they are used infrequently and often not available in residential addiction treatment settings. CMS provides expanded opportunities for Medicaid reimbursement of treatment in residential facilities and requires states that request Medicaid SUD Waivers to provide a full continuum of care including medication treatment. The objective of this study was to assess how states facilitate access to OUD medications in residential settings and whether Medicaid requirements play a role. MethodsUsing a legal mapping framework, across the 50 states and DC, we abstracted data from state regulations in 2019 - 2020 and Medicaid Section 1115(a) demonstration applications. We examined the temporal relationship between state regulations regarding medication-assisted treatment for OUD in residential settings and Section 1115(a) demonstrations. ResultsWe identified variation in regulations regarding medication treatment for OUD in residential settings and possible spillover effects of the CMS requirements for Medicaid SUD Waivers. In 18 states with relevant regulations, regulatory approaches include identifying opioid medication treatment as a right, requiring access to OUD medication treatment, and establishing other requirements. 25 of 30 states with approved Section 1115(a) demonstrations included explicit requirements for OUD medication treatment access. Four states updated OUD medication treatment regulations for residential treatment settings within a year of applying for a Section 1115(a) demonstration. ConclusionsState regulations and Medicaid program requirements are policy levers to facilitate OUD medication treatment access.

Level, distribution, ecological, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and stream sediments around a used-automobile spare part market in Nigeria.

The aim of this research was to assess the distribution, sources, contamination status, ecological risk, and human health risk of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and sediments of a used-automobile spare part market in Nigeria. Forty-three (43) soil samples were collected within a spare part market section (SPMS-17 samples), market-residential section (MRES-10 samples), traffic section (TRAS-10 samples), and non-market residential section (NMRS- 6 samples). Fifteen (15) stream sediments were collected within and around SPMS. Based on average concentrations, HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Pb, and Zn) had their highest values in SPMS, and their minimum values were observed in NMRS. The high concentration was as a result of contributions from anthropogenic activities such as the direct discharge of used-lubricant oil, scrap metals, tire wear, and traffic emission in the environment. However, Al, Co, and Mn were derived from the geology of the area. The same trend was observed in the stream sediment section (STSS), except that in addition to Al, Co and Mn in soils, Cr was also sourced from geogenic activity. There were moderate to high enrichment/contamination factors of the anthropogenically sourced HMs, especially in the soil of SPMS, MRES, TRAS and stream sediments (STSS). Similarly, high potential ecological risk (Eri) and ecological risks (RI) were observed for As, Pb, and Cd in SPMS and STSS, while these were moderate in MRES and TRAS. Assessment of health risks was within acceptable limit for most of the HMs in the different sections for both adults and children, except As, Cd, and Pb in SPMS and STSS, which were beyond the acceptable limit for children. The carcinogenic risk was within the acceptable limit.

Methodology for creating the maternal residential section of a three-rayed space-planning structure

Methodology for creating the maternal residential section of a three-rayed space-planning structure

Locating illicit discharges in storm sewers in urban areas using multi-parameter source tracking: Field validation of a toolbox composite index to prioritize high risk areas

In urban areas served by separate sewerage systems, illicit connections to the storm drain system from residences or commercial establishments are frequent whether these misconnections were made accidentally or deliberately. As a result, untreated and contaminated wastewater enters into storm sewers leading to pollution of receiving waters and non-compliance with water quality standards. Typical procedures for detecting illicit connections to the storm sewer system are time consuming and expensive, especially in a highly urbanised area. In this study, we investigated the use of human wastewater micropollutants WWMPs (caffeine, theophylline, and carbamazepine) and advanced DNA molecular markers (human specific Bacteroides HF183 and mitochondrial DNA) as anthropogenic tracers in order to assist identifying potential cross connections.Water samples from storm outfalls and storm sewer pipes in three urban subcatchments were collected in dry weather from 2013 to 2018. All samples contained various concentrations of these markers especially HF183, caffeine and theophylline, suggesting that the storm pipe system studied is widely contaminated by sanitary sewers. None of the traditional indicators or markers tested is sufficient alone to determine the origin of fecal pollution. In a highly urbanised area, the combination of at least three specific human markers was needed in order to locate the residential section with likely misconnections. The human specific Bacteroides HF183, and theophylline appeared to be the most effective markers (along with E. coli) of crossconnections, whereas carbamazepine can provide an indication of contamination through sanitary sewer exfiltration. A composite sewer cross-connection index was developed, and eight misconnected houses were identified and corrected. The index approach enables the reduction of false positives that could lead to expensive interventions to identify cross-connected households. The results show the multiparameter source tracking toolbox as an effective method to identify sewer cross connections for sustainable storm water management.

Asthma and Environmental Justice at Ezra Prentice Homes: The South End Community Health Survey

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Ezra Prentice Homes (EP) is a public housing complex located in the industrial, southernmost tip of Albany, NY, dissected by a busy state highway and adjacent to the Port of Albany. Residents, community leaders, and environmental activists drew attention to residents’ environmental health concerns and residents requested a community-based health survey. In response to this attention, the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation launched the Albany South End Community Air Quality Study, observing traffic related air pollutants (TRAPs) at ‘considerably higher’ levels in the EP community compared to the rest of the neighborhood (Report October 2019). AIM: Measure the impact of living at Ezra Prentice homes on asthma prevalence. METHODS: The South End Community Health Survey of EP households, in partnership with local community-based organizations, began in 2016. A Resident Outreach Worker (ROWs) model was developed. ROWs connected with neighbors, introduced the survey, and created appointments for graduate students to administer an in-depth health survey. In 2018, it expanded to Creighton Storey Homes (CS), a public housing complex in a residential section of the South End that is surrounded by green space, to capture data from a demographically similar group. RESULTS:119 households (301 individuals) from EP (66%) and 66 households (164 individuals) from CS (52%) participated. When tested by z-score for 2 population proportions, the number of children under 18 with active asthma was significantly higher at EP (34%) than CS (18%) (p=.02). A similar pattern was observed for all ages combined: 34% and 21%, p=.0002, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Initial analysis of the South End Community Health Study data observed significantly higher rates of asthma at a public housing complex where elevated TRAPs have been documented. Analyses adjusted for race and smoking status will be explored. Results will be shared with the community to inform future policy. KEYWORDS: Environmental justice, asthma, traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPS), public housing

Regional management of flare gas recovery based on water-energy-environment nexus considering the reliability of the downstream installations

Water-energy-environment nexus was employed in a sample city for flare gas recovery while the reliability of downstream installation is taken into account. First, considering the average characteristics of a house, water and energy demands were estimated. The residential section's water and energy demands were then supplied using flare gas recovery from an oil field near the city. The study was conducted in two scenarios based on meeting the total annual electricity demand and the residential sector's total annual natural gas demand. A hybrid system including a natural-gas liquid refinery, a gas turbine power plant, a heat recovery steam generator, and multi-effect desalination was proposed as downstream installations. By system reliability's consideration using the Markov technique, a novel integrated model was developed to assess different proposed scenarios. In both scenarios, the water and energy shortages could be provided by the network, and the surplus can be sold to the network. It was shown that considering the reliability of technology significantly affects the final configuration of flare gas recovery technology. It was shown that consideration of employed installations' reliability affects the proposed flare gas recovery technologies' features. Accordingly, the first scenario with a capital cost of 236.94 M$ and a product sales income of 93.31 M$, with 1.3 years of return payback period, was selected as the best solution.

Methodology for creating a residential three-rayed space-planning structure

Problem statement. The purpose of this study is to create a methodology for designing a residential three-rayed space-planning structure for small and medium-rise buildings. The methodology was created for the central and southern insolation zones of Russia in the conditions of sanitary standards of 2017. The methodology is applicable in countries located in both hemispheres of our planet with mirrored conditions of the Russian insolation standards. Results. A methodology has been developed that creates many types of «daughter» residential sections based on a single «T-shaped» three-rayed residential section, which is called the «maternal». The applied result of the research was of 27 planimetric methods of architectural combinatorics and kinetics, as well as two patents. The presented methods are implemented in brick structures during the reconstruction of the residential quarter No. 75 in the historical center of the Russian city of Menzelinsk in the Republic of Tatarstan. Conclusions. The significance of the results obtained for architecture lies in energy-efficient design, expressed in a reduction design time and an increase the types of «daughter» residential sections. The methodology was created for the future computer program for the design of multi-rayed structures of residential buildings of various storeys.

ArchDaily and Representations of Domestic Architecture in the era of Digital Platforms

At present, ArchDaily.com is the most visited virtual architecture platform in the world. Aware of the importance acquired in the architectural practice, the site declares itself to be the main source from which architects feed on tools, information and inspiration to develop their projects. However, it is clear that its importance is not limited to its status as reference bank for professional practice. The accumulation of visual and textual representations contributes to the idea of “good architecture”, in turn transforming this platform into an institution validating and legitimizing the understanding of the discipline, its scope and limitations, its protagonists and predominant methods applied. The following pages propose an analysis of the platform’s content in its residential architecture section, an analysis that supports a critical reflection on its wider cultural effects.

Investigation of Black-Starting and Islanding Capabilities of a Battery Energy Storage System Supplying a Microgrid Consisting of Wind Turbines, Impedance- and Motor-Loads

Microgrids are small scale electrical power systems that comprise distributed energy resources (DER), loads, and storage devices. The integration of DER into the electrical power system basically allows the clustering of small parts of the main grid into Microgrids. Due to the increasing amount of renewable energy, which is integrated into the main grid, high power fluctuations are expected to become common in the next years. This carries the risk of blackouts to be also more likely in the future. Microgrids hold the potential of increasing reliability of supply, since they are capable of providing a backup supply during a blackout of the main grid. This paper investigates the black-starting and islanding capabilities of a battery energy storage system (BESS) in order to provide a possible backup supply for a small part of the main grid. Based on field tests in a real Microgrid, the backup supply of a residential medium voltage grid is tested. Whereas local wind turbines within this grid section are integrated into this Microgrid during the field test, the supply of households is reproduced by artificial loads consisting of impedance- and motor loads, since a supply of real households carries a high risk of safety issues and open questions regarding legal responsibility. To operate other DER during the island operation of such a Microgrid, control mechanisms have to ensure the power capabilities and energy reserves of the BESS to be respected. Since the operation during a backup supply of such a Microgrid requires a simple implementation, this paper presents a simple master–slave control approach, which influences the power output of other DER based on frequency characteristics without the need for further communication. Besides the operation of other DER, the capability to handle load changes during island operation while ensuring acceptable power quality is crucial for such a Microgrid. With the help of artificial loads, significant load changes of the residential grid section are reproduced and their influence on power quality is investigated during the field tests. Besides these load changes, the implementation and behavior of the master–slave control approach presented in this paper is tested. To prepare these field tests, simulations in Matlab/Simulink are performed to select appropriate sizes for the artificial loads and to estimate the expected behavior during the field tests. The field tests prove that a backup supply of a grid section during a blackout of the main grid by a BESS is possible. By creating the possibility of operating other DER during this backup supply, based on the master–slave control approach presented in this paper, the maximum duration for this backup supply can be increased.

Technical, economic, and performance analysis of a hybrid energy system using a novel dispatch strategy

Renewable and sustainable energy dispatching is considered as a major concern when designing hybrid energy systems. Obtaining a reliable and efficient framework that satisfies continuous operation at minimum cost is necessary due to the high cost of renewable energy technologies. This study investigates the performance of an on-grid PV/WT/Diesel/Battery system for a residential section meeting a load demand of 112.7 kWh/day with a 26.66 kW peak load demand in Tehran, Iran. A new dispatch strategy is developed using MATLAB Link in HOMER software which has a 24-h foresight for the power grid’s cut-offs, the upcoming electrical demand, solar irradiation, and wind speed. This foresight leads to make the best decision about using different sources. The results indicate more than 9% and 4% improvement in the cost of energy of the system compared to two pre-prepared dispatch strategies in HOMER, load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC). The results also show that the renewable fraction in the developed strategy is greater than LF and CC. In the end, the simulation has been performed for different sensitivities including different electrical loads, grid’s prices, and different equipment prices to determine the optimality boundaries of the system.

Blockchain outlook for deployment of IoT in distribution networks and smart homes

Nowadays, unlike depleting fossil fuel resources, the integration of different types of renewable energy, as distributed generation sources, into power systems is accelerated and the technological development in this area is evolving at a frantic pace. Thus, inappropriate use of them will be irrecoverably detrimental. The power industry will reach a turning point in the pervasiveness of these infinite energy sources by three factors. Climate changes due to greenhouse gas accumulation in the atmosphere; increased demand for energy consumption all over the world, especially after the genesis of Bitcoin and base cryptocurrencies; and establishing a comprehensive perspective for the future of renewable energy. The increase in the pervasiveness of renewable energy sources in small-scale brings up new challenges for the power system operators to manage an abundant number of small-scale generation sources, called microsources. The current structure of banking systems is unable to handle such massive and high-frequency transactions. Thus the incorporation of cryptocurrencies is inevitable. In addition, by utilization of IoT-enabled devices, a large body of data will be produced must be securely transferred, stored, processed, and managed in order to boost the observability, controllability, and the level of autonomy of the smart power systems. Then the appropriate controlling measures must be performed through control signals in order to serve the loads in a stable, uninterruptible, reliable, and secure way. The data acquires from IoT devices must be analyzed using artificial intelligence methods such as big data techniques, data mining, machine learning, etc. with a scant delay or almost real-time. These measures are the controversial issues of modern power systems, which are yet a matter of debate. This study delves into the aforementioned challenges and opportunities, and the corresponding solutions for the incorporation of IoT and blockchain in power systems, particularly in the distribution level and residential section, are addressed. In the last section, the role of IoT in smart buildings and smart homes, especially for energy hubs schemes and the management of residential electric vehicle supply equipment is concisely discussed.

ENERGY COMMITMENT: A PLANNING OF ENERGY CARRIER BASED ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Purpose. Energy consumption is one of the criteria for determining the quality of life in a country. Continued supply of energy and the possibility of long-term access to resources require a comprehensive plan. One of the key issues in the field of energy planning is energy carriers. In this paper, a new theory is introduced to energy network studies for planning of energy carriers called Energy Commitment. In this theory, an appropriate planning is applied for energy carriers based the final energy consumption. Energy carriers are available either naturally or after the energy conversion process. Energy commitment is modeled on an energy network with the presence of electrical energy, gas energy, transportation section, agriculture section, industrial section, residential section, commercial section, and general section.

Delivering inclusive and quality services in community and residential aged care settings

More than 282,000 people were using residential care (permanent or respite), home care or transition care services in Australia on 30 June 2018.1 In October 2018, in response to continued negative publicity and a community call for action, the Australian Government announced a Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety.2 This Virtual Issue of the Australasian Journal on Ageing is the third in a series on aged care quality and safety and responds to two of the Royal Commission on Aged Care Quality and Safety Terms of Reference: e) how to ensure that aged care services are person‑centred, including through allowing people to exercise greater choice, control and independence in relation to their care, and improving engagement with families and carers on care‑related matters and f) how best to deliver aged care services in a sustainable way, including through innovative models of care, increased use of technology and investment in the aged care workforce and capital infrastructure. These questions are of utmost importance to the aged care sector, particularly given the initiation of consumer directed care policy changes in February 2017.3 Consumer directed care was introduced to provide greater choice and control to older people over the services they wanted to receive, as well as from who, when and how they were to receive them.3 There is still an emerging body of evidence around the effectiveness of this policy on person‐centred (relationship‐driven) care outcomes and the impact of this model in the Australian context. This Virtual Issue tries to unpack the effects of the aged care reforms and answer these questions. There are two sections to this Virtual Issue: community aged care and residential aged care. The community aged care section (eight articles) includes the themes of consumer directed care, vulnerable communities and innovation, while the residential aged care section (14 articles) includes the themes of choice and consultation, diversity and models of care.

Assessment of the Temporal and Spatial Variations of Urban Development Using RS and GIS: A Case Study—Yasuj, Iran

The temporal-spatial change of cities is one of the main challenges of managers and decision makers in urban development. In the present study, a parameter related to the evaluation of the capability of Yasuj City was selected, classed, and weighed to determine a desired location for urban development. Accordingly, in order to determine fuzzy maps, all factors and sub-factors were weighed using the AHP and hierarchical technique. Then, the maps of each sub-factor were standardized in IDRIS environment and the considered layers were combined in GIS environment to determine the land suitability for urban development. Next, in order to evaluate the trend of temporal-spatial variation of land use around Yasuj City, the prepared images of the Landsat satellite as well as TM, ETM+ and OLI sensors in Envin 5.1 software related to 1986, 2001, and 2016, respectively, were employed. Finally, based on the changes in land use of Yasuj City, the residential or urban sections widely changed. The changes included different uses such as forests, grasslands, agriculture, and water corpuses. In 1986–2016, the results of changes in land use around the Yasuj City indicated 5% increase in the residential section and 3, 2 and 1% decrease in rangelands, agricultural lands, and water bodies, respectively. Forests, which are located in the outer and inner sections of Yasuj City, have a lot of ecological functions. With the high speed of city development, the ecological functions of forests are decreasing, both quantitatively and qualitatively, and therefore, should be taken into consideration. The results of this study, and the similar studies, indicated that spatial data, especially data related to human settlements (since they are highly changeable), are a good foundation for detailed planning. Such kind of data is also used since they are suitable tools for research purposes.

Impacts of Domestic Solar Water Heating (DSWH) systems on the cost of a hot shower in low-income dwellings in Brazil

This work presents a method to evaluate, from the distribution utility's perspective, the impacts of adopting Domestic Solar Water Heating (DSWH) systems in Brazil, based on demand measurements carried out on two groups of residential households. For the 12 months period evaluated, the case-study shows that using DSWH results in savings of 198 kWh (38%), and active power demand savings at peak times of 860 W (42%) per individual unit. For the distribution utility and per individual unit, using DSWH leads to avoided costs of $ 27.59 (38%), avoided costs due to peak time demand reduction of $ 170.2 (42%), and annual avoided costs of $ 197.79 (41%). This work clearly shows that in the residential section the tariff model and structure is strongly distorted, since it only accounts for the energy consumption per residential unit, and completely disregards the costs associated with power demand availability. Our results show that in Brazil the distribution utility charges only some 15% of the real cost of a hot shower based on electric showerheads.

An Investigation into the Factors Affecting the Design of Nature-Compatible Recreational-Residential Complexes- Instance Analysis

Explaining tourism concepts, standards of recreational-residential complexes and the methods for accurate treating with nature, this paper tries to study the suitable instances of recreational-residential complexes and to adopt their positive aspects as a design strategy. SWOT matrix was built based on the weaknesses and strengths of the project site and design principles were derived by observing the extracted influential factors.Considering land topography, for example, different areas of buildings were shifted and combined with the nature.- Residential and public zones gained a nice view towards the nature by keeping their orientation and extending them in east-west direction- Service section connected more appropriately with residential and public areas- Sections which do not need extra light such as W.Cs, storages and installation rooms, were considered in a side of the building which was adjacent to soil- In residential section, rhythm was implemented in ceilings and windows- Golden values and proportions were used to design the plane and façade of the complex

Maintenance of trees in a residential section utilizing pruning method under retaining the apical of the main branch of crown

Maintenance of trees in a residential section utilizing pruning method under retaining the apical of the main branch of crown