Residential Relocation Research Articles

Competing Risk Analysis of Time to Communal Residence for Elder Orphans.

Elder Orphans, socially/physically isolated older adults without caregiving support, are of interest in an aging population. Lack of caregivers for Elder Orphans may influence relocation to residential care facilities, including skilled nursing or assisted living facilities, compared to aging in place. Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), Competing Risk Survival Analyses were performed to determine if Elder Orphans or those At Risk for becoming elder orphans had increased risk for residential care relocation over nine NHATS waves (2011-2019). Elder Orphans had significantly higher risk for moving to residential care facilities in unadjusted (SHR = 1.780; p = 0.001) and adjusted (SHR = 1.571; p = 0.043) models. Those At Risk for becoming an elder orphan had significantly decreased risk for residential care residence in unadjusted (SHR = 0.517; p < 0.001) and adjusted (SHR = 0.726; p = 0.037) models. As aging in place becomes prioritized in the US healthcare system, understanding caregiving needs of older adults is vital to their health outcomes.

Life events, philosophy, spirituality and gastronomy experience

PurposeThis study aims to examine how life events, philosophy and spirituality contribute to the development of gastronomy experiences for competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a qualitative case study approach, interviews were conducted with the owner/chef, employees and customers of Moksa – a plant-based restaurant in Bali, Indonesia.FindingsThe integration of life events (change in health, relationship journey and residential relocation), life philosophy (healthy lifestyle, sustainability and cuisine for the soul) and spirituality (religious values and spiritual fulfillment of life purpose) can facilitate the creation and management of an improved gastronomy experience.Research limitations/implicationsThere are key elements of life that can help in the creation of a unique, memorable and holistic gastronomy experience. Restaurant owners and managers should embed these elements in their strategy.Originality/valueThis research adds to the scant knowledge on life courses and gastronomy experiences in the hospitality sector. It also contributes to enhancing understanding of the psychological factors that lead to better experiences.

Life events and their association with changes in the frequency of transport use in a large UK sample

From a mobility biographies perspective, and in line with the habit discontinuities literature, consistency in travel behaviours is context dependent and as such, will be more amenable to change following changes in context that disrupt habitual travel behaviour. Using the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), a large-scale, longitudinal, national survey, this study investigates associations between disruption (in the form of life events and transport specific events) and changes in the frequency of car, bus, train, and bicycle use over a two-year period. The analysis extends previous research in this area by considering changes in the frequency of travel for all purposes, not only for commuting. Further, the study tested the self-activation hypothesis through an interaction between experiencing a life event and environmental concern. The results show that residential relocation and parenthood were associated with significant changes in frequency of travel mode use. Relocation showed the most consistent pattern away from car, bus, train, and cycling, while parenthood showed a consistently lower likelihood of increasing use of these modes (except car), but no greater likelihood of decreasing. Transport specific events often accounted for greater likelihood of change in travel mode use – for example, obtaining a driving license, changing the number of cars in the household, and changing to/from urban settings had large associations with changes in travel behaviours – although these were not consistent across modes. Overall, this suggests that changes in the use of the different transport modes were differentially susceptible to the life event and transport specific events.

Impact analysis of residential relocation on ownership, usage, and carbon-dioxide emissions of private cars

Even though the effects of residential relocation on travel behaviours have been explored worldwide, few studies discuss the impact of relocation on carbon dioxide emissions from travel. This study utilises the Fifth Travel Survey of Beijing Inhabitants and land-use data to build a structural equation model with latent variables that explore the effects of relocating direction, changes in built environments, commute distance, and household socio-economic attributes on changes in household car carbon dioxide emissions before and after moving. It is concluded that the change in commuting distance, private vehicle purchases, family size, electric bicycles, and public transit smart cards have direct effects on the change in carbon emissions, while the relocating direction, built environment latent variables, home size, and the number of adolescents in the family are found to have indirect effects. In addition, recommendations for reducing carbon emissions from private car travel in response to urbanisation are proposed. This study can help urban planners and managers understand the impact of residential relocation on vehicle ownership, usage, and the corresponding carbon dioxide emissions, and can also provide a reference to formulate planning and management policies on sustainable city and green transportation.

Health risk associated with residential relocation among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, CA: a cross sectional study

BackgroundGiven the housing instability and frequent residential relocation (both volitional and hegemonic) of people who inject drugs, we sought to determine whether residential relocation (defined as sleeping in a different place in the past 30 days) is associated with health outcomes in a sample of people who inject drugs (PWID).MethodsWe recruited 601 PWID using targeted sampling and interviewed them between 2016 and 2018 in San Francisco and Los Angeles, CA about housing, drug use practices, and service utilization. We then developed multivariable regression models to investigate how residential relocation is associated with violence, health outcomes, and social service access. We analyzed our data between June 2018 and October 2019.ResultsParticipants who relocated in the past 30 days had lower odds of being in substance use treatment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.62, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.42, 0.89) and higher odds of nonfatal overdose (AOR = 2.50, CI = 1.28, 4.90), receptive syringe sharing (AOR = 2.26, CI = 1.18, 4.32), severe food insecurity (AOR = 1.69, CI = 1.14, 2.50), having belongings stolen (AOR = 2.14, CI = 1.42, 3.21), experiencing physical assault (AOR = 1.58, CI = 1.03, 2.43), arrest (AOR = 1.64, CI = 1.02, 2.65), and jail (AOR = 1.90, CI = 1.16, 3.13) in the past 6 months when compared to those who did not relocate.ConclusionsPWID who have relocated in the past 30 days have higher odds of experiencing violence and life- threatening adverse outcomes, and policies that disrupt living circumstances of PWID should be ended in favor of those that support housing stability.

A study on residential relocation and residents' awareness of housing maintenance in suburban residential areas

A study on residential relocation and residents' awareness of housing maintenance in suburban residential areas

Income-based inequality in post-disaster migration is lower in high resilience areas: evidence from U.S. internal migration

Residential relocation following environmental disasters is an increasingly necessary climate change adaptation measure. However, relocation is among the costliest individual-level adaptation measures, meaning that it may be cost prohibitive for disadvantaged groups. As climate change continues to worsen, it is important to better understand how existing socioeconomic inequalities affect climate migration and how they may be offset. In this study we use network regression models to look at how internal migration patterns in the United States vary by disaster-related property damage, household income, and local-level disaster resilience. Our results show that post-disaster migration patterns vary considerably by the income level of sending and receiving counties, which suggests that income-based inequality impacts both individuals’ access to relocation and the ability of disaster-afflicted areas to rebuild. We further find evidence that income-based inequality in post-disaster outmigration is attenuated in areas with higher disaster resilience, not due to increased relocation out of poorer areas but instead because there is decreased relocation from richer ones. This finding suggests that, as climate adaptation measures, relocation and resilience-building are substitutes, with the implication that resilience incentivizes in situ adaptation, which can be a long term drain on individual wellbeing and climate adaptation resources.

Determinants of residential mobility: an adaptive retrospective survey method

ABSTRACT This study introduces a survey instrument to collect retrospective life-course events, focusing on residential relocation, and it utilizes the survey to evaluate determinants of residential mobility. The survey consists of seven modules collecting information about household structure and household demographics, latest residential relocation, current and previous home, employment, education, vehicle ownership, and travel behavior. The time window of the life-course calendar in the survey is customized according to the latest residential relocation as an anchor point to assist with memory recollection and balance the required input from participants. The survey is used to collect data from a sample of 514 respondents in Sydney, Australia, and another sample of 404 respondents in Chicago, Illinois, in the US. The Cox proportional hazard model is used to analyze residential mobility. The results show primary school commencement is a salient determinant of residential relocation, but its impact is significantly higher in Chicago compared to Sydney.

Adopting a random forest approach to model household residential relocation behavior

Although many studies have investigated the impact of residential relocation on travel behaviors, few studies examine how influencing factors affect residential relocation behavior. Using data from 903 families who have moved in Beijing (China), this study builds a random forest model to evaluate the relative importance and impact ways of the built environment, commuting distance, housing price, living area, and household socio-economic and demographic attributes on the residential relocation behavior of families with commuting workers or students. The results show that the built environment has the greatest influence on the relocation behavior, followed by housing price, commuting distance, socio-economic and demographic attributes, and the living area. In addition, this study finds that the effects of the built environment, commuting distance, and housing price on relocation behavior are nonlinear and have thresholds. This study can help urban planners and managers to quantitatively understand the impact of influencing factors on residential relocation behavior and provide reference values for planners and real estate development companies to plan and develop related land reasonably.

Aging as Readiness and Wariness

Gerontology concerns itself with events in time, either things that have happened or things that may happen. In the former, our work is to describe and explain. In the latter, the occurrence of events is unknowable, but we can nonetheless study people’s imagination of them (how it arises) and how that imagination shapes behavior and attitudes in the present (how it matters). The subjective experience of aging, thus, is one of looking ever forward—welcoming, waiting for, or hoping to avoid what the future may hold. This personal experience of aging toggles between readiness and wariness of the time ahead, one stance incurring or else eclipsing the other. Transitions are fruitful opportunities to study people’s readiness and wariness toward the time ahead, for example, widowhood, the prospect of retirement, and residential relocation. This is when people are more likely to conjure, in their minds, whom they may become. Arguably, the fundamental transition that looms and occupies aging minds (and the minds of loved ones) is not death but rather the potential passage into the “fourth age” of frailty and vulnerability. This prospect hovers above all else: its occurrence increasingly likely but its timing uncertain. About this prospect, gerontology has the capacity, nay the obligation, to promote narratives about later life that shape wariness and readiness for the practical future (e.g., financial matters, bodily care, living arrangements) as well as for the emotional reception of an old age coming ever closer.

Factors Influencing Rural Households’ Decision-Making Behavior on Residential Relocation: Willingness and Destination

All the traditional models of centralized residence based on “building a new socialist countryside” and “maintaining a balance between the increase and the decrease” are top-down in nature and require farmers to make responses and readjustment to all possible policies and changes. Therefore, it’s important to understand farmers’ preferences and take their willingness and needs into account when designing and implementing the relative planning programs of centralized residence. In this paper, with the numerical value 10 as the criterion of Events Per Variable (EPV) and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), four different types of binary logistic regression were respectively applied to analyze factors that may influence farmer households’ relocation willingness and relocation destination in the following five aspects: Individual characteristics, household characteristics, housing characteristics, farmland characteristics, and implementation environment of centralized residence. As indicated in the results, people would show more willingness to relocate when they were younger, had higher household income, lived in an older building, possessed a bigger building area, owned farmland with higher quality, or lived in an environment with a higher infrastructure match rate. In addition, household income was a common factor influencing households’ choice between nearby relocation sites (NRS) and urban areas as their relocation destinations. The building area and occupancy rate negatively affected households’ choice of NRS, while building age negatively affected that of urban areas. Based on these influencing factors, some policy suggestions are proposed in this paper in terms of job creation, implementation of zoning and classification strategies, improvement of the quality of land transfer services, and reconstruction of the rural landscapes.

Agent-Based Modeling of the Formation and Prevention of Residential Diffusion on Urban Edges

This paper presents an exploratory urban dynamics agent-based model (ABM) that simulates the relationship between the introduction of a hub facility open to residents, the interaction promotion around it, and transport policies on the sustainability of urban development through the autonomous actions of individual residents. By contrasting the model results with theoretical and empirical insights from actual cities, the validity of modeling the formation of residential diffusion on urban edges based on individual gain-maximizing daily travel and residential relocation is explained. The major contribution of the model is that it offers a new perspective on the bottom-up control of residential diffusion on urban edges, with benefits for productive human interactions at the microscale. Specifically, the model experimentally suggests the existence of a trade-off between increasing human interactions, through the introduction of an open hub attracting diverse activities and promotion of interaction around it, as well as the progression of residential diffusion. The model also suggests that the direction of urbanization is the result of collective action, and sustainable urbanization may be achieved through concerted efforts.

Does a residential relocation enable satisfying travel?

Transport-related residential self-selection indicates that people try to live in a neighbourhood in line with their travel preferences and needs. Although studies have found that travel attitudes are mostly aligned with urban form characteristics of the residential location, no studies have explored whether people are actually able to travel in their preferred way after having relocated. In this study we analyse whether individuals’ travel patterns are consistent with their travel preferences following residential relocation and if this congruency affects their travel satisfaction. Results from 1650 recently relocated residents in the city of Ghent (Belgium) indicate that most respondents were able to change their travel behaviour in congruence with their travel attitudes. The study found that a decrease in travel duration, distance, car use, and public transport use, and an increase in walking and cycling increased travel satisfaction. This is particularly true when changes in travel behaviour interacted with travel attitudes. Results show that when walking and cycling levels change in line with travel attitudes, travel satisfaction increases strongly. However, the interaction between travel behaviour changes and travel attitudes does not always explain travel satisfaction (improvements). We found, for instance, that individuals with reduced travel durations, despite having a positive attitude towards travel in general, have high levels of travel satisfaction (improvements). The findings indicate that built environment interventions enabling a transport-related self-selection process have the potential to contribute to satisfying travel and thereby to improve subjective well-being of residents.

Modeling residential mobility decisions from a life history–oriented perspective

ABSTRACT It is critical to investigate residential mobility decisions to better understand the residential relocation. Mobility is identified as a vital component of the integrated transportation-land use modeling. However, limited studies capture the longer-term temporal changes during the household’s life-course. This study adopts a life history–oriented approach to investigate effects of life-trajectory dynamics on mobility. The advanced hazard-based model captures heterogeneity and accommodates effects of repeated spells along the life-course of households. The model uses data from a retrospective survey conducted in Central Okanagan region of British Columbia, Canada. Parameter estimation results confirm effects of life-cycle events, sociodemographics, and accessibility. For instance, households might be active in housing market following the birth of a child. The model confirms the existence of heterogeneity. For example, urban dwellers might trigger a move following the marriage of a household member; in contrast, suburban dwellers might continue to have a longer duration of stay.

Computer-Mediated Communication and Child/Adolescent Friendship Quality after Residential Relocation

The experience of residential relocation can affect children and adolescents in various ways. It often affects their close social relationships, and this is especially true when these individuals are no longer in close proximity to their family members and friends. Although face-to-face communication may be limited after relocation, computer-mediated communication can assist in maintaining and developing existing relationships. It may even help individuals initiate new social relationships. In the present study, we investigated the role of communication behavior with friends for perceived friendship quality among children and adolescents who recently experienced residential relocation. Based on a representative survey study of families in Germany, we selected parents having moved with their child (8 to 14 years) to another village or town within the last 24 months. In total, 57 parents who had recently moved – majority of whom were mothers – allowed their child to participate in the phone interview. These participants were, on average, 11 years of age, and 58% of them were male. The children answered questions about their communication behavior and the friendships they had with their three current best friends. Using multilevel analysis, we found that children and adolescents who more often communicated face-to-face with their friends also more intensively used computer-mediated technologies to stay in touch. However, the findings further revealed that computer-mediated communication has the potential to remove limitations in existing friendships in the event of relocation. In the following discussion, implications are examined regarding the role of new communication technologies for families with enhanced mobility requirements.

596Two approaches for estimating propensity score weights for examining neighbourhood built environment and walking changes

Abstract Background Walking is associated with the built environment, however, this association may be biased by residential self-selection. This study examined how walking duration changed with residential relocation, while accounting for unbalanced covariates that may contribute to residential self-selection, using two different propensity score inverse probability weight (IPW) methods. Methods Urban participants (n = 703) of Alberta’s Tomorrow Project with pre- and post-relocation neighbourhood built environment and walking data were included. A walkability index was created by aggregating estimates for population density, street connectivity, and destination diversity. Participants were categorized into three groups based on change in residential walkability (decreased, minimal change, or increased). The association between changes in walkability and walking duration (min/week) was modelled with linear regression. Two types of IPWs were applied: 1) manually generated from multinomial regression models, and 2) generated from generalized boosted models. Results All three groups increased walking duration from pre- to post-relocation, however the largest increase was among participants who had increased walkability (M = 73.2, SD = 388), followed by those with minimal change (M = 60.0, SD = 382) and decreased (M = 50.2, SD = 374) walkability. Longitudinal associations between walkability change and walking were not statistically significant (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in models with or without IPWs. Conclusions Changes in neighbourhood walkability were not associated with changes in walking, regardless of how the sample was weighted. Further research should examine changes in the neighbourhood environment with different types of walking and physical activity behaviours. Key messages IPW methods can be used to account for unbalanced covariates in analyses that involve possible self-selection bias.

Residential relocation for landslide prone residences in the upper Ciujung watershed

Lebak Regency, which is in Banten Province, is an area in Indonesia that has many years affected by the landslide disaster. Banten Province itself is a disaster-prone area. In Indonesia, Banten Province is a province with a fairly high hazard rating according to BNPB in the Indonesian Disaster-Prone Index book. Landslide disasters often occur in regions of Indonesia that have diverse topographies. Landslides can cause various kinds of losses like physically, socially, and economically. In early 2020, Lebak Regency experienced flash floods which leads to many residential areas especially areas on the upper ciujung watershed to be affected by landslide. From this disaster that happened on 1st January 2020 alone, 20 bridges were damaged in the 6 affected sub-districts. The analysis in this study used the Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method and an overlay. This study aims to produce locations which have the potential to be relocation areas for landslide prone residences in the Upper Ciujung Watershed which includes 5 district, Cipanas District, Lebakgedong District, Sajira District, Muncang District, and Sobang District. From this research, it was found that areas that have the potential to be the location of residential relocation are only in 4 of the sub-districts within the research areas with a total area of 88.12 Ha which is in the eastern part of Cipanas District, southeast of Lebakgedong District, and also in the western part of Muncang District.

Social integration after moving to a new city predicts lower systolic blood pressure.

Residential mobility is linked to higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. A mechanism by which residential relocation may impact health is through the disruption of social networks. To examine whether moving to a new city is associated with increased CVD risk and whether the extent to which movers rebuild their social network after relocating predicts improved CVD risk and psychosocial well-being, recent movers (n=26), and age- and sex-matched nonmovers (n=20) were followed over 3months. Blood pressure, C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB), social network size, and psychosocial well-being were measured at intake (within 6weeks of residential relocation for movers) and 3months later. Multiple regression indicated higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) for movers (M=107.42, SD=11.39), compared with nonmovers (M=102.37, SD=10.03) at intake, though this trend was not statistically significant. As predicted, increases in movers' social network size over 3months predicted decreases in SBP, even after controlling for age, sex, and waist-to-hip ratio, b=-2.04mmHg, 95% CI [-3.35, -.73]. Associations between increases in movers' social ties and decreases in depressive symptoms and stress were in the predicted direction but did not meet the traditional cutoff for statistical significance. Residential relocation and movers' social network size were not associated with CRP/ALB in this healthy sample. This study provides preliminary evidence for increased SBP among recent movers; furthermore, it suggests that this elevation in CVD risk may decrease as individuals successfully rebuild their social network.

The Adaptation Strategy of Flash Flood Victims in Urban Areas, Garut Kota Sub-District

In 2016, various settlements in Garut Regency, notably Garut Kota Sub-District, located along the Cimanuk River, were affected by a flash flood. As a result, many residents relocated to other places, far from the city. This research was conducted in three residential relocation areas: Gadok Housing, Kopi Lombang Housing and Cisereuh Housing. The purpose of the study is to determine the adaptation strategies of relocating communities. The research was conducted using mixed-methods techniques with descriptive quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results are shown in the adaptation strategies of the affected communities and demonstrate that the relocated communities living in new settlements pursued adaptation strategies such as adjustment and adaptation with reaction. Adaptation by adjustment was carried out by accepting the post-relocation situation and taking up jobs in different sectors. Meanwhile, adaptation by reaction entailed making changes to the physical form of buildings, planting mixed gardens or constructing pet cages in the yard. Relocating residents often lacked the motivation to move to alternative shelters due to financial inability and a sense of comfort in their new settlement.

Simulating impacts of Automated Mobility-on-Demand on accessibility and residential relocation

Automated vehicles (AVs) have great potential to revolutionize the transportation sector and landscapes of future cities. The impacts of AVs on urban space, however, are far from clear. Mobility-on-Demand (MOD) services, on the other hand, are readily available in many places. This study seeks to explore (1) how Automated Mobility-on-Demand (AMOD) might affect urban residents' levels of accessibility and their residential relocation decisions; and (2) how these impacts might vary across space and socioeconomic groups. We use an agent-based microsimulation platform to assess two future AMOD scenarios in Singapore relative to a baseline. Results suggest that the addition of AMOD could enhance the overall accessibility of the population, but not if private transport modes, including private cars, taxis, and human-driven on-demand services, are prohibited. On the other hand, if private modes are eliminated, AMOD could alleviate inequality in accessibility as it appears to benefit the disadvantaged socioeconomic groups to a larger extent. We also find that AMOD deployment would not induce outward migration, nor would it increase home-work location imbalance. This study demonstrates how large-scale microsimulation can be leveraged to assess AMOD scenarios. The findings have some implications for preparing for the inevitable and potentially disruptive emergence of AVs.