Residential Planning Research Articles

Exploring the Mechanism of Residential Attractiveness in Compact Urban Areas – a Case Study of Hong Kong

Compact cities adopt high density, mixed land use and transit-oriented development (TOD). For sustainable development, compact development reduces the use of automobile and lessens the overdevelopment of land resources. For solving urban sprawl and housing shortage, more and more metropolises have adopted compact development. Academics, planners and policy makers mainly focused on evaluating the impacts of neighborhood attributes on housing prices and residential movements. Few have examined the relationships between residents’ demand and residential attractiveness in compact cities. Therefore, this study develops Residential Attractiveness Evaluation (RAE) Model to evaluate the attractive degree of urban areas based on residents’ demand in compact cities. Hong Kong is chosen as the study area which is a typical compact city. The results show that districts near the CBD and both sides of Victoria Harbor have highest residential attractiveness than other areas. Community planners and policy makers should consider residential attractiveness based on residents’ demand in efforts to promote sustainable development. Residential attractiveness is the foundation of residential land use planning and policies. Planners in compact cities should adopt various planning strategies according to different residential attractiveness. Moreover, residential attractiveness is the benchmark of evaluating residents’ satisfaction of new residential planning and policies.

Numerical Simulation of Local Climate Zone Cooling Achieved through Modification of Trees, Albedo and Green Roofs—A Case Study of Changsha, China

By exploring the cooling potential of tree quantity, ground albedo, green roofs and their combinations in local climate zone (LCZ)-4, LCZ-5, and LCZ-6, this study focuses on the optimum cooling level that can be achieved in open residential regions in Changsha. It designs and models 39 scenarios by integrating in situ measurement and ENVI-met numerical simulation and further compares cooling effects of various combinations of the cooling factors. The results show that (1) an increased number of trees and higher albedo are more effective compared to green roofs in reducing summer potential temperatures at street level (2 m high) in three LCZs. Negative correlations are observed in the pedestrian air temperature with trees and ground albedo; (2) the effects of cooling factors vary among different LCZ classes, with the increased 60% more trees leading to lower outdoor temperatures for LCZ-4 (0.28 °C), LCZ-5 (0.39 °C), and LCZ-6 (0.54 °C), while higher albedo of asphalt surface (increased by 0.4) is more effective in LCZ-4 (reaches to 0.68 °C) 14:00, compare to LCZ-5 (0.49 °C) and LCZ-6 (0.38 °C); (3) applying combined cooling methods can provoke air temperature reduction (up to 0.96 °C), especially when higher levels of tree quantities (increased by 60%) are coupled with cool ground materials (albedo increased by 0.4). The results can contribute useful information for improving thermal environment in existing residential regions and future residential planning.

Analysis of Public Cognition on Traditional Village Landscape Environmental Planning and Design—Taking Hetian area as an example

Traditional villages are a typical representative of the regional human settlements in Xinjiang. In order to clearly understand the general public’s basic understanding of the landscape environment of Nanjiang villages. The author strives to collect individual cognition into group cognition, and conduct data statistics in different categories to form a scientific basis. Therefore, the article takes the traditional villages of oasis in the Tarim Basin (commonly referred to as the southern Xinjiang) as the research base, and uses field visits, questionnaire surveys, and photo shoots. It mainly uses big data survey and analysis software and field surveying and mapping as specific implementation methods. The three independent variables include who was interviewed, the province where the mobile phone IP belongs, and the occupation. The three dependent variables include the recognition of the status quo of the traditional village landscape environment, whether the village residential planning and design should have regional cultural characteristics, and its effect on rural rejuvenation and long-term stability. The two types of variables are comprehensively analyzed by combining them individually and crosswise. The comprehensive results show that the interviewees in this study have wide coverage, reasonable composition and accurate data. From the perspective of data quantification, it is enough to prove that the achievements of rural planning and construction in Xinjiang in China are obvious to all and won the hearts of the people. At the same time, it provides important intellectual support for the planning and improvement of the landscape environment of traditional villages in southern Xinjiang.

Where Urban Youth Work and Live: A Data-Driven Approach to Identify Urban Functional Areas at a Fine Scale

As a major labor force of cities, young people provide a huge driving force for urban innovation and development, and contribute to urban industrial upgrading and restructuring. In addition, with the acceleration of urbanization in China, the young floating population has increased rapidly, causing over-urbanization and creating certain social problems. It is important to analyze the demand of urban youth and promote their social integration. With the development of the mobile Internet and the improvement of the city express system, ordering food delivery has become a popular and convenient way to dine, especially in China. Food delivery data have a significant user attribute where the ages of most delivery customers are under 35 years old. In this paper, we introduce food delivery data as a new data source in urban functional zone detection and propose a time-series-based clustering approach to discover the urban hotspot areas of young people. The work and living areas were effectively identified according to the human behavioral characteristics of ordering food delivery. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between young people and the industry structure of Hangzhou and discovered that the geographical distribution of the identified work areas was similar to that of the Internet and e-commerce companies. The characteristics of the identified living areas were also analyzed in combination with the distribution of subway lines and residential communities, and it was found that the living areas were mainly distributed along subway lines and that urban villages appeared in the living hotspot regions, indicating that transportation and living cost were two important factors in the choice of residential location for young people. The findings of this paper can help urban industrial and residential planning and young population management.

Architectural and constructive concept of the historical residential development of St. Petersburg in the XVIII-early XX centuries

The most important stages of the formation of residential development are considered, the spatial and structural features of the construction of historical residential development of St. Petersburg in each period are identified. The organization of private plots, functional and spatial characteristics and design solutions of residential buildings are described. The typology of residential planning systems used at that time was clarified, design options and variants for using building materials in difficult geological conditions and taking into account the peculiarities of the local microclimate are shown. These characteristics are considered by the general system and are the basis for a comprehensive renovation of historical buildings in St. Petersburg.

사용자의 라이프 사이클에 따른 가변적 주거계획 연구 - 신혼가구를 중심으로

본 연구는 신혼가구를 중심으로 라이프 사이클에 따른 가변적 주거공간을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 최근 신혼가구의 주거문제가 대두되고 있으며, 가족 구성원의 변화에 따라 주거 이동을 하고 있는 신혼가구의 수가 많아 지고 있다. 하지만 신혼가구의 니즈를 반영하여 라이프 사이클에 따른 주거계획에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 이러한 신혼가구의 주거만족도를높이기 위해, 신혼가구의 라이프 사이클에따른가변적주거계획 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 문헌조사와 선행연구 분석을 통해 신혼가구의 라이프 사이클을 고려한 주거계획 요소와 가변적 주거계획 요소를 도출한다. 그리고 설문조사를 통해 신혼가구 주거계획요소에 대한 선호도를 분석한 후 신혼가구의 라이프 사이클에 따른 가변적 주거공간을 제안함으로써 지속가능한 신혼가구의 주거환경 계 획을 위한 연구의 기초자료로 활용하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다.

Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) for Urban Development Site Suitability Analysis in Bhopal, India

This study uses remote sensing, GIS and MCDA techniques for studying the availability of groundwater resources and their suitability for urban residential planning in Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, India. The first part of our research involves integration of nine different thematic layers in AHP to identify GWPZ. The study reveals that 13.51% of the area has very high, 13.77% of the area has high, 12.05% has medium-to-high, 27.61% of area has medium groundwater potential, while the remaining 33.05% has low groundwater potential. In the second part of the research, the resultant GWPZ is combined with eight different thematic layers for identifying suitable urban residential development sites. Urban residential site suitability map shows that only 16.97% of the area has very high suitability, 20.71% area has high suitability, 25.81% of the area has moderate suitability and 23.56% has low suitability, while the remaining 12.94% area is non-suitable.

Residential trajectories of high-skilled transnational migrants in a global city: Exploring the housing choices of Russian and Italian professionals in London

This paper explores the residential trajectories of highly skilled transnational migrants in London. It analyses this under-researched topic by drawing on interview data with 32 mostly Italian and Russian migrants. The paper unveils the motivations of migrant housing preferences and residential behaviour across three interlinked stages: (i) housing expectations and initial housing choices, (ii) residential mobility over the migration period, (iii) future residential and migration plans. Two exogenous factors are brought into the analysis: the high prices in the London housing market, and the potential impact of Brexit on future residential plans. Findings suggest that Italians build multi-stage housing careers with many moves during their stay, yet geared to an upward housing trajectory, whilst the Russians demand high-quality housing from the start, are less inclined to multi-occupancy, and move less often. Part of the explanation for the difference lies in different ‘housing cultures’ brought from the country of origin.

Sub-Neighborhood Housing: An Alternative to Arrange Slums Areas. The Case Study of Kampung Cigugur Tengah, Cimahi

The ongoing slum upgrading program is encouraging to find alternative ways of slum area arrangement that better suit local characteristics. Studies indicate that managing slums in the size of a neighborhood has difficulties in consolidating private assets into communal assets because of particular social cohesion. A neighborhood in a slum area can be split into sub-neighborhoods that can be handled uniquely, and it is more manageable to share shelters and facilities assets because of immediate neighbors cohesion which bonding in a sub-neighborhood area. This sub-neighborhood segmentation is applied as the basis for the residential planning and design of slum dwellings in Kampung Cigugur Tengah, Cimahi City. Planning and designing processes adapt a linear process approach that is supported by contextual models to get special needs from the community. Because of the certainty of land tenure and the possibility of physical improvement of the environment, there is a tendency not to move from improved areas. Sub-neighborhood physical development plans and designs can increase the likelihood of successful implementation of slum improvement programs because of the simplicity of fund management and construction. There is relatively high attention to the design of sub-neighborhoods based on non-transferable asset ownership; the opportunity for increasing occupancy capacity and open space; and a better local environmental change.

중국 아파트 부부침실의 사용 및 가구배치 특성에 관한 연구 : 상해시 2·3침실형 아파트에 거주하는 유자녀 가정을 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to grasp a living behavioral pattern and a furniture layout feature focusing on a master bedroom in Chinese apartment. For this, a survey was conducted targeting 32 households of living together with children in 2-3 bedrooms apartment in Shanghai. As for a research method, a housing style and a furniture were carried out the actual measurement and the photography shooting in the field. The user interview was implemented in terms of living.BR The survey results are as follows. First, there were bedtime and storage as major living behaviors in the master room. Leisure activity, bedtime with children, task and learning were being done together depending on lifestyle. Second, the furnitures, which were arranged much, were in order of bed, wardrobe, bedside-table, TV, daybed and desk. The bed occupies the center of the longest wall surface. The bedside-table is put on either side. The wardrobe showed the tendency of being vertically arranged with the bed head. Also, the installation of TV across the bed led to having been arranged conveniently enough to watch TV on the bed. In case of sleeping together with children, a child bed was being placed side by side with an adult bed. This outcome could lead to specifically understanding the living conditions in a master bedroom of Chinese apartment and to knowing the necessity of a differentiated residential plan of supporting various living habits.

Relation between Transit Oriented Development (TOD) and the effect of electromagnetic field with fengshui on residential planning

The concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) began to emerge, this has resulted in the design of buildings that cross railways and roads. The method used is the analysis of TOD theories, electromagnetic fields and fengshui to see the relation between the three things and the planning of residential buildings on it: 1) What is the relation between TOD and electromagnetic fields; 2) How does the Electromagnetic field relate to fengshui; 3) What is the connection between TOD and fengshui. Understanding these three links will result in residential planning that provides optimal benefits for residents. The conclusion is: Electromagnetic fields that occur as a result of the movement of transport vehicles, especially transportation related to the rail, cause unstable electromagnetic fields that can hinder the occupants from growing optimally, so structuring TOD with good and true fengshui will provide higher benefits for its inhabitants. The ease of transportation due to the meetings from various modes of transportation at that point causes the people who live in TOD to have a shorter travel time for their travel activities, by getting “more” time, of course the level of productivity can be higher so that as a result, the level of welfare will be well. After knowing the danger of unstable (氣) qi due to the influence of electromagnetic fields that occur due to rail or road trajectories, hopefully TOD stakeholders can arrange their properties properly and correctly so that users can enjoy good fengshui and display optimal life performance for the sake of a more prosperous Indonesia.

Study on residential smart farm architecture plan with passive design

Study on residential smart farm architecture plan with passive design

Optimizing bus stop locations for walking access: Stops-first design of a feeder route to enhance a residential plan

Feeder buses provide a small but important part of the public transport system by carrying people between residential areas and transport interchanges. A feeder bus to a train station planned in advance will attract new residents of a housing development to use the bus. The bus route can influence the location choice of a buyer concerned about access for children, the elderly or anyone not wishing to drive a car. Our bus route modelling starts with the bus stops – not the route – to be reached from each dwelling by the shortest possible walk. In demand terms, people locating close to bus stops are more likely to use the service than those choosing more distant locations, and the nearby residences have higher values. The stops-first application determines a feeder bus route to enhance an irregular residential plan covering an area of one square kilometre. The planned road and housing lot locations provide the data for calculating the access measure from each dwelling to each potential bus stop, the closest stop being used. A genetic algorithm tests potential bus stops to find demand maximizing locations, the propensity to use the bus being formulated as an exponential (increasing elasticity) function of walking distance. Then a ‘travelling salesman’ genetic algorithm finds the shortest route linking the stops, so that an efficient circuit route is generated for each alternative number of bus stops, ranging from 7 to 11. More stops not only give better access but also increase the route length, so that total accessibility must be assessed against route length. The distribution of walking distances shows most between 150 and 240 metres, with none more than 400 metres. The results indicate that planning policy should require prior design of a bus route to achieve good walking accessibility, so that residents become accustomed to the convenience of using the bus. This study shows that, at the planning stage, estimating a bi-objective model giving a Pareto front between accessibility and route length can reveal a policy compromise that shortens the route with little reduction in expected patronage.

Assessing the Solar Radiation Quantity of High-Rise Residential Areas in Typical Layout Patterns: A Case in North-East China

With the development of energy-saving and emission-reduction, solar energy as a clean energy with excellent characteristics has bright prospects for development and application in residential environment with high energy consumption. With the intensification of land use, there are more and more high-rise residential areas in the city. If the residential construction becomes more compact, the solar radiation of the buildings will be in loss. Therefore, there may exist some restrictive relationship between the residential layout patterns and the solar radiation quantity. Through the multiple response frequency analysis method of SPSS, the study summarizes three typical high-rise residential layout patterns, which are parallel determinant, non-parallel determinant and three-sided enclosure. The Autodesk Ecotect is used to simulate the solar radiation quantity of each building roof and south facade. Last, obtain the relationship between the residential layout index and the solar radiation quantity. The results show that there actually exists certain correlativity between solar radiation quantity and floor area ratio, building density and building height; meanwhile, each annual solar radiation quantity changed by residential layout index has its own variable curve. The results also indicate that three-sided enclosure layout pattern has greater solar radiation potential than parallel determinant and non-parallel determinant. By summarizing the corresponding conclusions, the optimal mode of high-rise settlements with high solar radiation is explored, which can provide reference for further residential planning.

PEMETAAN MEDAN GEOPATIS SEBAGAI SALAH SATU KONSTRAIN PADA PERENCANAAN ZONING DAN BLOCKING INTERIOR RUMAH TINGGAL Studi Kasus: Lahan di Jalan Budi Indah no.9

Humans are part of this universe thousands of years ago has developed a sense to detect the presence of energi from the earth itself or the so-called flow field geopatis. This energi can be separated into positive and negative energy. Negative energy generated by the flow field can lead to human become ill if man is above the flow for a long times. To avoid that, humans above the soil surface must move up to other place for become healthy. 
 People build homes for they shelter, grow and develop. Nearly a third of human life is spent in the home and about 6 to 8 hours a day humans do rest to get the energy back to move well and healthy physically and mentality.
 This study tries to map the flow of negative terrain geopatis that exist in a land occupancy by using a special tool in order to avoid the flow pattern field geopatis. So that a planner residential design can plan zoning and blocking the right so that people who live in it can avoid the flow negatif. Also proff that maping the flow of negatif terrain geopatis can support space planning especialy for residential plan.

Effects of urban planning in guiding urban growth: Evidence from Shenzhen, China

Improved understanding the effects of urban planning in guiding urban growth is conducive to the establishment of orderly spatial control systems. Few findings emphasized and systematic interpreted on the effects directly caused by urban planning. Thus, the effects of urban planning and its detailed urban functional planning, as well as different planning combinations were studied in this paper, using Shenzhen as an example. The results show that: 1) During the study period of 2000–2010, urban planning has had a conspicuous controlling effect on urban growth of the Special Economic Zone (SEZ). However, disordered growth has occurred outside the SEZ. 2) Urban planning plays a not particularly significant role in guiding urban renewal and development. The influence of residential planning on residential renewal is not significant. Commercial renewal is positively correlated with traffic accessibility and the distance from subway stations. Industrial renewal only has a significant positive correlation with industrial planning. 3) The planning combinations have played a significant positive guiding role in land development. The renewal probability of residential land equipped with rail planning is increased 19.22 times compared by itself.

Planning institutions as gatekeepers in housing production in Lagos, Nigeria

ABSTRACTIn every phase of housing production, there are certain “gatekeepers” that constrain access to housing resources. This article argues that the activities of physical planning institutions constrain access to residential building permits in Lagos, Nigeria. From May 2013 to May 2014, 7,281 residential structures were served with contravention notices while only 1,380 applications for residential building plans were approved in 2013. This figure is negligible in relation to the population of Lagos and its housing needs. There is therefore a need to review the criteria for granting residential building permits to encourage participation from the informal private sector.

LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AND PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OF LIEPAJA “NEW WORLD” AND THE LAKE TOSMARE SHORE TILL WORLD WAR II

Russian Army Headquarters and Maritime Fleet planned to build a sea and land fortress, and Major General Ivan Alfred McDonald developed a project on August 30, 1892. Near Naval Port and the Lake Tosmare Apparent Heir’s Grove and residential buildings with streets were built. Residential buildings were built in “New World” – land between Romny Railway and Grobin Highway. In Liepaja 1922 administrative border plan development was started to include the Lake Liepaja’s northern part into the urban territory. Low-rise residential buildings of Aspazija’s (former Apparent Heir’s) Grove were supplemented. Research issue – building structure and development of residential buildings of Libava Maritime fortress territory has been studied insufficiently. Novelty characteristics – low-rise residential buildings’ construction and street network of Apparent Heir’s Grove has been analysed. Research goal – analyse “New World” and low-rise residential building and planning of the Lake Tosmare surroundings till World War II. Principal research methods – planning and construction observation in nature, archive and cartographic material analysis. Brief description of research outcomes: fortress built on the Baltic Seacoast affected further development of the territory. Nowadays development of qualitative architectonic space without historical development analysis is impossible.

Institutionalized Children in Russia: Grouping the Regions by the Scale of the Phenomenon

This study provides an initial classification of information on the social and geographic distribution of children’s residential care institutions in Russia, and it characterizes the relationship between this information and the level of criminalization and victimization of minors. We provide data on the number of such residential care facilities and their child placement statistics in the various regions of the Russian Federation. We rank these regions according to these variables, and we classify them into three clusters: favorable, troubled, and unstable. We discovered material differences between the Russian regions across all variables. At the same time, Russia’s federal districts differ significantly from each other only in terms of rates of crime and the victimization of minors and not in terms of their number of residential care facilities, wards, and the “concentration” of such institutions. We discovered that the factor of “institutionalized children” contributed significantly to the regional level of juvenile delinquency on the basis of the results of a correlation and regression analysis. The region’s average number of wards per residential care facility and the predominance of Muslim population turned out to be insignificant variables. The first excluded variable (characterizing living conditions) is important for developing and optimizing children’s residential care plans. It is discussed in the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 9/1/2014 no. VK-1850/07. The second excluded variable is used to analytically reconstruct the set of factors that cause significant interregional variances in the number of residential care facilities and their wards.

The Green Building Environment of the Gymnasium

The natural ventilation of residential areas has placed more and more emphasis on residential area planning, according to the relationship between natural ventilation environments and the layout of architecture, we can reduce the energy consumption and the adverse effect of wind outdoors, improve the living environment and quality of life, making harmony between human and the nature. In this paper, we use Air-Pak to simulate the wind environment of residential areas. Through analyzing and simulating the air field which forms when the wind blows around the residential buildings by Air-Pak, we explain the advantage of the combination of computer simulation software and residential area planning. And we give some advice to the layout of the outdoor environment early in the residential planning area by the simulation of outdoor environments of buildings.