Income Of Residents Research Articles

Abstract WP75: Interprofessional Medical Education in a Stroke Escape Room to Improve Stroke Education and Communication Skills

Purpose: Acute stroke care requires a foundation of clinical knowledge to quickly recognize symptoms and facilitate rapid, safe treatment. Effective care requires a complex network of communication in a stroke response team. Simulation-based training provides a multimodal approach to learning that reinforces clinical knowledge of stroke and affords the opportunity to demonstrate effective communication skills in critical situations. An interprofessional scenario allows all participants to learn about the different roles required for effective care. Methods: Fifty new graduate nurses participated in a pilot model of a traditional didactic session on stroke knowledge, followed by an “escape room” incorporating this knowledge to solve puzzles. The second iteration was expanded to include incoming neurology PGY-2 residents, registered nurses, and pharmacy residents. After the lecture, participants formed teams including equal numbers of all provider roles. The teams were tasked to complete a timed version of the escape room by solving stroke-based puzzles. The escape room was followed by a debrief of communication skills modeled by TeamSTEPPS. Finally, the same teams were exposed to a simulated “stroke code," which included a focused assessment, interpretation of labs and imaging, and management of barriers to treatment with an end goal of collectively managing a suspected stroke. Results: A 5-point scale was used to assess level of comfort with leadership in initial stroke assessment, management, treatment, and communicating concerns. The average increase in numeric level of comfort was 0.9 (range 0.6 - 1.4). The benefit did appear greater for incoming neurology PGY-2 residents (average increase 1.3, range 0.6 - 1.6) compared to registered nurses (average increase 0.45, range 0.25 to 0.75). Conclusions: Use of an escape room during training for incoming neurology PGY-2 residents, registered nurses, and pharmacy residents provided a novel opportunity to facilitate application of clinical knowledge, leadership, teamwork, shared decision-making, and prioritization of patient safety. Providing interactive sessions in between didactic instruction increased participant engagement and level of comfort with roles in a stroke response team.

Unplanned readmissions, community socioeconomic factors, and their effects on long-term survival after complex thoracic aortic surgery

ObjectiveWe evaluated community socioeconomic factors in patients who had unplanned readmission after undergoing proximal aortic surgery (ascending aorta, aortic root, or arch). MethodsUnplanned readmissions for any reason within 60 days of the index procedure were reviewed by race, acuity at presentation, and gender. We also evaluated 3 community socioeconomic factors: poverty, household income, and education. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess long-term survival differences by group (race, acuity, and gender). ResultsAmong 2339 patients who underwent proximal aortic surgery during the 20-year study period and were discharged alive, our team identified 146 (6.2%) unplanned readmissions. Compared with White patients, Black patients lived in areas characterized by more widespread poverty (20.8% vs 11.1%; P = .0003), lower income ($42,776 vs $65,193; P = .0007), and fewer residents with a high school diploma (73.7% vs 90.1%; P < .0001). Compared with patients whose index operation was elective, patients who had urgent or emergency index procedures lived in areas with lower income ($54,425 vs $64,846; P = .01) and fewer residents with a high school diploma (81.1% vs 89.2%; P = .005). Community socioeconomic factors did not differ by gender. Four- and 6-year survival estimates were 63.1% and 63.1% for Black patients versus 89.1% and 83.0% for White patients (P = .0009). No significant differences by acuity or gender were found. ConclusionsAmong readmitted patients, Black patients and patients who had emergency surgery had less favorable community socioeconomic factors and poorer long-term survival. Earlier and more frequent follow-up in these patients should be considered. Developing off-campus clinics and specific postdischarge measures targeting these patients is important.

Abstract TMP21: Hospital Characteristics Influencing Discharge Disposition Following Acute Stroke: Findings From the Get With the Guidelines-Stroke Registry

Background: Medical comorbidities and stroke risk factors explain only a proportion of stroke incidence and outcomes in different populations. Our analysis aimed to determine if hospital characteristics are associated with discharge home following acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization. Methods: The analyses included AIS patients hospitalized from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 who were ambulating at baseline. The primary outcome measure was discharge to home. Hospital-level characteristics including time and day of arrival, location of stroke onset, transport mode, hospital bed size and stroke center certification status. The relative odds of outcome were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 1,171,519 observations included in our analysis, median age was 71 years, 49% were female and 78% were of white race. As shown in the Table, factors associated with lower odds of home discharge included night-time arrival, stroke onset in a chronic care facility, arrival by ambulance, geographic location, and no stroke center certification; these factors were independent of social determinants of health such as education, income, employment status, poverty, and frequency of foreign-born residents at patients’ residence county. There was a trend towards improved outcomes over the study period. Conclusion: Hospital level characteristics influence likelihood of home discharge after AIS, independent of social determinants of health.

Abstract WMP106: The Impact of Social Determinants of Health on Ambulatory Status at Discharge Following Acute Ischemic Stroke: Findings From the Get With the Guidelines-Stroke Registry

Background: Medical comorbidities and stroke risk factors only explain a proportion of stroke incidence and outcomes in different populations. Social determinants of health(SDOH)have been associated with incident stroke. The objective of our analysis was to determine if SDOH are associated with ambulatory status at discharge following acute ischemic stroke(IS) hospitalization. Methods: We included IS patients hospitalized from January 1, 2015-December 31, 2019 who were ambulating at baseline and had known county of residence in the GWTG registry. The primary outcome measure was ambulatory status at discharge, defined as ability to ambulate with or without the assistance of a device or person. Estimates of SDOH including education status, income, employment status, poverty and foreign-born residents at patients’ residence county were the main predictors. Baseline demographics, clinical comorbidities, stroke center certification status among other logistic and event-related factors were analyzed. Covariates included demographic, clinical factors and hospital-related factors. Estimates of county level SDOH were classified into quartiles and the relative odds of outcome were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 1,171,519 observations included in our final analysis, median age was 71 years, 49% were female, 78% were of white ethnicity and 45% were insured through Medicaid/Medicare. In multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for baseline characteristics, counties with the lowest quartile education level had a lower likelihood of being ambulatory at discharge than the highest quartile (OR0.91[95%CI 0.86-0.96],p=0.001).Patients from counties with the lowest quartile of foreign-born residents were more likely to be ambulatory at discharge than the highest quartile (OR1.11[95%CI 1.05-1.18];P=0.001). Income, employment status, and poverty were not associated with ambulatory status at discharge. Conclusion: County level SDOH including education and percentage of foreign born population were associated with ambulatory status at discharge after ischemic stroke hospitalization. Our findings can be used to develop interventions that reduce inequity in ischemic stroke outcomes at discharge.

Implementation Of Population Administration Policy (Study of Incoming Move-in Registration Residents in Katapang sub-district, Bandung Regency)

This research is driven by the observed shortcomings in the effective implementation of policies related to population administration, particularly concerning the registration of migrants. The research background highlights the following identified problems:1. The inquiry into the execution of population policies in the data migration process of residents within Katapang Sub-District, Bandung Regency.2. Examination of the factors influencing and supporting the resettlement process in Katapang District, Bandung Regency.3. Evaluation of the efforts made by the Katapang District regarding the transfer of registrations from residents within the district.The research employs the policy implementation theory of George C. Edwards III, encompassing Communication, Resources, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure. Based on this theoretical framework, the researchers posit the following propositions: the optimal execution of the Policy on the Implementation of Population Administration involves considerations of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure dimensions.The chosen research method is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data is gathered through literature review, participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings of this study reveal suboptimal implementation of policies related to population administration, particularly in the registration of migrants by the Katapang District, Bandung Regency. Indications of this suboptimality include a lack of intensive socialization and information dissemination regarding the registration of migrant residents and insufficient human resources dedicated to facilitating the population's relocation.

Awareness increases acceptance and willingness to pay for low-carbon fuels amongst marine passengers

One of the main applications discussed in decarbonising the marine sector is via alternative fuels, such as methanol and ammonia, produced from renewable hydrogen. These alternative, low-carbon fuels often come with increased prices and operational expenses for the vessel operators, which are ultimately reflected in the passengers' costs. Therefore, it is important to assess passengers' familiarity with expressions linked to decarbonisation and their willingness to pay this ‘green premium’ for alternative fuels. To assess these, we ran a survey-based study and collected close to 2000 answers through different channels from marine passengers, specifically from those travelling in the Northern European region on roll-on/roll-off passenger (RoPax) vessels. We found that most of the passengers prioritise environmental friendliness in marine fuels and are concerned about environmental issues. However, there seems to be a lack of knowledge about fuels and fuel technologies. Familiarity with certain alternative fuel-related expressions results in a more positive view of them. The observed willingness to pay is affected by the level of education, income, and place of residence, in addition to the level of concern about environmental issues, frequency of travel and spending on trips. Close to 80% of passengers are willing to increase their spending if the vessel is powered by a low-carbon, alternative fuel. As the results indicate that the more passengers know about alternative fuels and their benefits, the more willing they are to pay for them, it is recommended that RoPax operators invest in educating them.

The Changing Trend of Primary Medical Care in China From The Perspective of Urban and Rural Areas

As one of the most populous countries in the world, China has consistently grappled with the challenge of uneven distribution and inequitable provision of medical resources between urban and rural areas. Urban regions boast a greater number of medical facilities and healthcare professionals compared to their rural counterparts, exacerbating the issue of insufficient medical resources and inadequate services in rural areas. This disparity not only impacts the health status of rural residents but also perpetuates social inequality between urban and rural communities. With China's ongoing process of urbanization, these disparities in healthcare have become increasingly pronounced. The objective of this study is to examine the evolving trends in China's primary healthcare system from an urban-rural perspective, aiming to gain a better understanding of how medical resources are distributed, access to healthcare services is facilitated, and disparities in medical consumption persist between urban and rural areas. The findings from this study yield several crucial recommendations: Firstly, it is imperative to prioritize enhancing the establishment of primary healthcare facilities in rural areas by significantly increasing both the quantity and quality standards for medical institutions while improving bed availability to meet the pressing needs for adequate healthcare among rural residents. Secondly, measures should be implemented to bridge the gap in distribution between health workers serving urban versus rural populations by incentivizing more professionals to engage in medical work within undeserved regions to ensure timely access for all individuals residing outside major cities. Additionally, both government entities and society at large should encourage increased investment by rural residents into their expenditure on healthcare while simultaneously improving overall levels of medical security coverage as a means of alleviating financial distress. Finally, it is imperative to adapt and optimize the rural industrial structure following the specific circumstances of different regions, thereby enhancing the income of rural residents and augmenting their capacity to allocate resources towards medical and healthcare expenditures.

Policy implications for synergistic management of PM2.5 and O3 pollution from a pattern-process-sustainability perspective in China

In recent years, the pattern of air pollution in China has changed profoundly, and PM2.5 and surface ozone (O3) have become the main air pollutants affecting the air quality of cities and regions in China. The synergistic control of the two has become the key to the sustainable improvement of air quality in China. In this study, we investigated and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution patterns, exposure health risks, key drivers, and sustainable characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 concentrations in China from 2013 to 2022 at the national and city cluster scales by combining methodological models such as spatial statistics, trend analysis, exposure-response function, Hurst index, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model. Ultimately, a synergistic management system for PM2.5 and O3 pollution was proposed. The results showed that: (1) The PM2.5 concentration decreased at a rate of 1.45 μg/m3 per year (p < 0.05), while the O3 concentration increased at a rate of 2.54 μg/m3 per year (p < 0.05). The trends of the two concentrations showed significant differences in spatial distribution. (2) Population exposure risks to pollutants showed an increasing trend, with PM2.5 and O3 increasing by 55.1 % and 42.7 %, respectively. The annual deaths associated with exposure to PM2.5 and O3 demonstrated a decreasing and inverted U-shaped trend, respectively, with annual average deaths of 1.312 million and 98,000. Significant regional disparities in health risks from these pollutants were influenced by socio-economic factors such as industrial activities and population density. In the future, it is expected that more than half of China's regions will be exposed to rising risks of PM2.5 and O3 population exposure. (3) Key drivers of regional exacerbation in PM2.5 and O3 levels include the number of industrial enterprises above designated size (NSIE) and population agglomeration (PA), while the disposable income of urban residents (URDI), technological innovation (TI), and government attention level (GAL) emerged as primary factors in controlling pollution hotspots, ranked in order of influence from greatest to least as TI > GAL > URDI. Overall, this study sheds light on the current status of air pollution and health risk sustainability in China and enhances the understanding of future air pollution dynamics in China. The results of the study may help to develop effective targeted control measures to synergize the management of PM2.5 and O3 in different regions.

The Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors of Urbanization and Ecological Resilience in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China

Twenty-six cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration were taken as the research object, and this study comprehensively evaluated urbanization quality and ecological resilience from 2005 to 2020. On this basis, the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and main influencing factors of the coupling relationship between urbanization and ecological resilience were systematically explored using a coupling coordination model and panel Tobit regression model. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) from 2005 to 2020, the quality of urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration continued to grow, the level of ecological resilience grew slowly and fluctuated, and the development among municipalities tended to be balanced. (2) The overall coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological resilience showed a continuous increasing trend, and the coupling coordination type changed from basic coupling coordination to good coupling coordination. The number of cities with lagging urbanization quality decreased significantly; spatially, the gap in the coupling coordination degree between municipalities narrowed, and the cities with good coupling gradually clustered. (3) The results of the panel Tobit regression showed that the differences in the spatial evolution of coupling coordination mainly resulted from the interaction of drivers such as real utilized foreign capital, per capita GDP, carbon emission intensity, the proportion of science and technology expenditure to fiscal expenditure, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents, fixed asset investment in municipal utility construction, and the index of ecological land area ratio. In the future, the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and ecological resilience should be improved based on the type of coupling coordination according to local conditions, and the seven influencing factors should be carefully examined to accelerate the high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta.

Governing the Tourism Commons: Can Self-governing Institution Ensure the Continuation of the Rural Tourism Life Cycle?

Rural tourism is regarded as an important development strategy in many countries. However, some rural tourist destinations are facing decline after a period of prosperity. Based on the interaction between local residents involved in rural tourism and the common pool resources on which rural tourism depends, this paper discusses the reasons leading to the unsustainable development of rural tourism and proposes solutions to the tragedy of the tourism commons to realize a more sustainable development of rural tourism. This paper uses the data collected in 2017 from 56 villages across 13 provinces of China and obtains the following results using econometric methods. In the absence of a self-governing institution, there was a nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship between the income of local residents involved in rural tourism and their scale, indicating that the increase of local residents involved in rural tourism only increased their incomes in the initial stage of rural tourism development. However, with the continuous increase of local residents involved in rural tourism, the tragedy of the tourism commons led to lower income from rural tourism. In the presence of a self-governing institution, there was a positive correlation between the income and scale of local residents involved in rural tourism, which indicates that the self-governing institution successfully overcame the tragedy of the tourism commons and ultimately supported the continuous surge of income from rural tourism. This paper also provides a new way for people to understand the development and evolution of the tourism area life cycle theory.

Study on Urban-Rural Income Inequality in China—Based on VAR Model

Wealth disparity is a complex issue that has plagued the world for many years. China’s economic development has achieved world-renowned results during the last 40 years. Over that time, the country has risen from extreme poverty to the world’s second-largest economy. Nevertheless, the significant wealth inequality accompanying it has also caused great concern. At the start of China’s reform and opening-up period, government officials tacitly approved of this uneven development and made plans to “drive the rich first to the rich later” in pursuit of economic development. Economic development aims to achieve shared prosperity, not to deprive the relatively poor of wealth. As a result, wealth disparity in China must be addressed. Based on the Kuznets hypothesis, the theory of urban-rural dual structure, and the current situation in China, this paper has evaluated the current wealth gap in China. Since 1978, Chinese households’ wealth accumulation has come from the income gap. Private property was not allowed to exist during China’s planned economy period (1949-1977). After the reform and opening up period (After 1978), income disparities between various industrial sectors led to an initial round of wealth accumulation for many Chinese citizens. The industrialisation process and urbanisation rate significantly impacted China’s economic modernisation and growth. Therefore, this paper has analysed the effects of several factors on income disparity in China. The examined factors were; economic development, the urbanisation rate, and the industrialisation process. Based on the theoretical analysis, this paper selected time series data from 1978 to 2021, including; per capita GDP, the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents, the urban population to total population ratio, and industry contribution to the GDP. First, an analysis of the impact of economic development on income inequality was conducted using a static model. Then, a VAR model was built through ADF and PP testing, and an impulse response and variance analysis were conducted to explain the impact of various factors on the change rate of income inequality. The study results indicated that (1) Economic development has resulted in a significant increase in the income of urban and rural residents. However, urban residents have benefited more. Simultaneously, the income gap between urban and rural areas has grown significantly alongside economic expansion. (2) Urbanisation showed little effect on the income gap in the short term; however, it increased it in the long term. (3) Industrialisation reduced the short- and long-term income gap while increasing urbanisation.

Risk of cardiocerebrovascular diseases is increased in Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a nationwide cohort study

To investigate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and risk of cardiocerebrovascular disease in Korean women. This longitudinal cohort study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service included the women aged 15–44 years diagnosed with PCOS between 2002 and 2019, and the controls were matched 1:3 by age group, income, and region of residence. The endpoint outcomes of this study were the occurrence of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and combined cardiocerebrovascular diseases in the PCOS and control groups. A stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for matched data was performed to evaluate the relative hazard of events in the PCOS group compared to that in the control group. Among a total of 549,400 participants in the cohort, 137,416 women had a diagnosis of PCOS and 412,118 women did not have it. During a median follow-up of 54 months (interquartile range, 30–78 months), the incidence rates of all cardiovascular, ischemic heart, and cerebrovascular diseases were 6.6, 4.0, and 2.9, respectively, per 1000 person-years for women with PCOS, and 4.8, 2.8, and 2.3, respectively, per 1000 person-years for healthy control women. Women with PCOS had a higher hazard ratio of 1.224 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.27) of the composite cardiocerebrovascular diseases than those in the controls after propensity score matching for confounding variables, including body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical exercise level, alcohol consumption, current smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Hazard ratio for ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases was higher in women with PCOS than in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.254; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–1.31 and hazard ratio, 1.201; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.27, respectively). PCOS is associated with an increased risk of cardiocerebrovascular diseases in Korean women irrespective of their obesity. Counselling on the management of long-term risk of cardiovascular diseases should be offered to women with PCOS in East Asian countries where PCOS is characterized by a relatively low BMI.

Can the digital economy boost rural residents’ income? Evidence from China based on the spatial Durbin model

The digital economy, as a new economic form, has the potential to be a considerable driving force for promoting agricultural modernisation, accelerating the flow of information between urban and rural areas and increasing the income of rural residents, thereby contributing to rural revitalisation. However, it may also inevitably lead to issues such as widening the digital divide between urban and rural areas, which can impact the extent to which rural residents effectively benefit from the digital economy. This study employs provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020 and conducts a temporal global principal component analysis to measure the level of China's digital economy development. Based on this, the spatial Durbin model is employed for empirical testing and regional analysis of the impact and mechanisms of digital economy development on the per capita disposable income of rural residents. The partial linear function coefficient model is used for supplementary analysis. The results indicate the following: (1) there are regional disparities in China's digital economy development, with the highest levels in the eastern region, followed by the western region and the lowest levels in the central region, forming a U-shaped spatial structure; (2) the development of the digital economy has a suppressing effect on the per capita disposable income of rural residents in both the home province and neighbouring provinces, indicating that the digital economy has not become a growth booster for rural revitalisation; (3) regional results show that the negative spatial effects of the digital economy are in the eastern region, whereas the western region has considerable positive spatial spillover effects. In contrast, no notable spatial effects exist in the central region. Therefore, under the backdrop of the digital economy, it is necessary to promote agricultural transformation and increase rural residents’ income by tailoring strategies to regional characteristics.

Analysis of the Relationship between Internal and External Variables and the Level of Women's Participation in Development Planning in Lintongnihuta Subdistrict, Humbang Hasundutan Regency

This study delves into the multifaceted participation of women in Village Development Planning Deliberation (Musrenbangdes) within the Lintongnihuta District, analyzing the influence of various factors like age, education, occupation, income, and duration of residence. Employing an eight-question Likert scale, the research measures women's engagement and utilizes quantitative descriptive data analysis, including frequency tables. The study employs cross-tabulation analysis (chi-square test) and validity tests with the Pearson Product-Moment formula through SPSS v24 software to determine relationships between internal and external factors and their impact on women's participation. Findings underscore Musrenbangdes as a substantive platform for authentic expressions of women's aspirations, revealing significant positive correlations between participation and internal factors such as age, education, communication, and leadership. While all proposals are accepted, government scrutiny precedes execution. The study advocates enhancing women's involvement through targeted improvements, childcare support, and health education, offering valuable insights for a more inclusive and effective development planning process.

Commuting characteristics, perceived traffic experience and subjective well-being: Evidence from Hangzhou, China

Drawing on 2022 City Health Examination Project survey data from China with 8,711 valid questionnaires, this study uses the Geodetector model to explore the combined effects of objective commuting characteristics and perceived traffic experience on subjective well-being (SWB) in Hangzhou. The results indicate that commuting time has a nonlinear effect on SWB, whereas perceived traffic experience has a positive association. The q-statistic value of the perceived traffic experience is larger than that of the commuting characteristics, and satisfaction with traffic flow has the greatest impact on an individual’s SWB. Surprisingly, objective commuting characteristics and perceived traffic experience provide higher explanatory power when paired with each other. In addition, the results of the heterogeneity analysis reveal that satisfaction with public transport waiting time has a significant impact on the SWB of homeowners and middle-to-low income residents, whereas satisfaction with riding environment has a greater impact on the SWB of nonlocal and middle-to-high income residents.

Exploring the Impact of Rural Development Programs on Poverty Reduction in Chinese Counties: A Panel Data Analysis

In the backdrop of Chinas monumental challenge in poverty eradication, this study provides a critical evaluation of the rural development programs, particularly the targeted poverty reduction policy of 2013 which aimed at specialized interventions for 832 national poverty-stricken counties. Utilizing the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology, the paper analyzes panel data from the China Statistical Yearbook (Township) between 2010 to 2019, contrasting the advancements in these designated counties against those not specifically targeted. Our findings reveal that, while the 2013 policy has made positive strides in enhancing the disposable incomes of residents in these counties, disparities persist. City-specific determinants emerged as key influencers, necessitating a tailored approach to future poverty alleviation strategies. The research underlines the success of Chinas poverty reduction efforts, whilst stressing the need for sustained, adaptive, and region-specific initiatives for more holistic and comprehensive poverty eradication in the future. Policymakers are thus advised to engage in continual policy introspection and refinement, acknowledging the intricate challenges and diversities within the nation.

The impact of mental health disorders and job demands on the individual job performance of construction workers.

Understanding the impact of job demands and mental health disorders on individual job performance is crucial to achieving a more productive workforce and should be empirically investigated. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to assess the impact of job demands and mental health disorders on individual job performance among construction workers. In addition, we examined the interaction effect between job demands and some demographic characteristics (income, marital status, experience, and area of residence) on the job performance of construction workers in 2 dimensions. For this purpose, a new conceptual model and 3 different hypotheses were introduced. A survey was designed and administered to 513 construction workers. Whereas the measurement items regarding demographic characteristics, job demands, and mental health disorders were addressed to construction workers, the last part related to job performance of construction workers was conducted with site managers of the workers to obtain more objective results. A structural equation modeling approach was adopted to assess the validity of the model and to test the hypotheses. The results of this study show that whereas job demands have a significant and high impact on individual job performance, the effect of mental health disorders on job performance is significant at a moderate level. In addition, the demographic characteristics of marital status and area of residence have a significant interaction effect on job performance when combined with job demands. Providing individualized support systems, resources, and opportunities for construction workers can help mitigate the negative effects of excessive demands and mental disorders on labor productivity.

Spatiotemporal Distribution and Fragmentation Driving Mechanism in Paddy Fields and Dryland of Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

The spatial-temporal distribution pattern of China’s cultivated land has changed dramatically from 1990 to 2020, and the problem of cultivated land fragmentation has become more prominent. However, the existing research lacks a focus on the two specific land use types, paddy fields and dryland. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution pattern and the fragmentation driving mechanism of paddy field and dryland during the years 1990 to 2020 were identified by using the center of gravity center migration model, standard deviation ellipse, and land-use dynamic model for the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as an example. The results show that there are significant differences in the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of paddy field and dryland in the MRYRUA. Among the provinces and cities, Hubei province and its Xiangyang city showed the most obvious trend of change. The loss and gain of paddy fields and dryland is related to economic and policy contexts in each period. The main driving factor of paddy field and dryland fragmentation is natural condition, whereas a relatively important factor is the per capita disposable income of rural residents. The effects of each factor on paddy field and dryland fragmentation were not independent; any two factor interactions had a stronger effect on paddy field and dryland fragmentation than a single factor. In general, this study provides guidance and references for the main grain-producing areas undergoing rapid urbanization relating to cultivated land conservation, food security, and sustainable agricultural utilization.

Association of thyroid cancer with human papillomavirus infections

While Human Papillomavirus (HPV) particles have been detected in a small proportion of benign thyroid nodules or thyroid cancer cases, a role of HPV in these thyroid conditions has not been established. This study aims to investigate the association of HPV infection with thyroid cancer (TC) using a nationwide population-based study. We retrieved data for this case–control study from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2010. The study sample included 3062 patients with TC and 9186 propensity-scored matched controls. We employed multivariate logistic regression models to quantitatively evaluate the association of TC with HPV infections after taking age, sex, monthly income, geographic location and urbanization level of the patient's residence, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia into considerations. Chi-squared test revealed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of prior HPV infections between patients with TC and controls (15.3% vs. 7.6%, p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio of prior HPV infections for patients with TC was 2.199 (95% CI = 1.939–2.492) relative to controls. The adjusted ORs of prior HPV infections for patients with TC was similar for males and females. Our research suggests a significant link between HPV infection and the development of TC.

Impact of family socioeconomic position on childhood asthma outcomes, severity, and specialist referral - a Danish nationwide study.

Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children, carrying a major burden. Socioeconomic position (SEP) affects adult asthma outcomes, but its impact on childhood asthma, particularly in primary versus specialist care, has not been studied thoroughly. In a Danish cohort consisting of all children aged 2-17years redeeming inhaled corticosteroids in 2015, parental SEP impact on asthma outcomes was investigated. Workforce attachment, income, education, and metropolitan residence were chosen as covariates in logistic regression. Outcomes were uncontrolled (excessive use of short-acting beta2-agonists), exacerbating (oral corticosteroid use or hospitalization), and severe asthma (according to GINA 2020). The cohort comprised 29,851 children (median age 8.0, 59% boys). 16% had uncontrolled asthma, 8% had ≥1 exacerbation. Lower income and metropolitan residence correlated with higher odds of poor control, exacerbations, and severe asthma. Lower education correlated with worse asthma outcomes. Education and income were protective factors in primary care, but not in specialist care. Metropolitan residence was the sole factor linked to specialist care referral for severe asthma. Low parental SEP and metropolitan residence associated with poor asthma outcomes. However, specialist care often mitigated these effects, though such care was less likely for at-risk children in non-metropolitan areas.