Construction Of Residential Buildings Research Articles

Application of Water Conservation Concept in X Apartment Bogor Regency

The increase of population in Bogor Regency is directly proportional to the rapid development of residential building construction, one of which is apartment buildings. This resulted in the need for clean water also increased. Water conservation is an effort to maintain the availability of clean water in sufficient quality and quantity to serve the current and future needs of clean water. The application of the concept of water conservation in Apartment X in Bogor Regency can be done using WAC 2 (Water Fixtures) and WAC 3 (Water Recycle). Apartment X building has a building population of 998 people with daily clean water needs of 91,545 liter/day. The wastewater generated by the apartment building is 73,236 liter/day. It is estimated that the implementation of water conservation could save the use of clean water by 28.08% or around 25,701.42 liter/day.

Energy storage capacity optimization of residential buildings considering consumer purchase intention: A mutually beneficial way

This paper aims to study the energy storage capacity allocation of residential buildings in a way of mutual benefit between investors and users. The relationship between the interests of investors and users can be established through consumer purchase intention. Firstly, this paper analyzes the running process of the energy storage system and constructs the charging state discrimination model. Secondly, based on the consumer utility theory, the purchase intention of users to such assets is analyzed, and the optimal capacity allocation is modeled by maximizing investors' profits. Finally, considering that the problem is NP-hard, particle swarm optimization algorithm based on inertial weight is applied to solve it. This article creatively and quantitatively depicts consumers' purchase intention, and takes into account the interests of users while carrying out capacity allocation, although from the perspective of maximizing the interests of investors. In the example analysis, after optimization, consumers' electricity bills are reduced by more than 50%, and investors' profits are increased by 1420 dollars per house, indicating: compared with the construction of traditional residential buildings or buildings with only photovoltaic system, the configuration of energy storage system can bring more profits to investors, users can also save a considerable amount of electricity bills, this paper also fits the requirements of carbon reduction.

Effect of Fine Aggregate Sources on Compressive Strength of Cement Concrete

The cause of failure of structure made from cement concrete is due to use of low-quality ingredient which is used directly without testing its properties and without studying its suitability in production of different grade of concrete mix. The aim of this study is to presents that the effect of fine aggregates from different sources on compressive strength of cement concrete. For this study four fine aggregate sources were taken. Altogether 48 concrete cubes of M20 grade were prepared from different sixteen combinations of these four fine aggregate sources. The different properties were founded by conducting different laboratory tests for fine aggregates from different sources and the compressive strength test of 48 cubes was conducted.The test results showed that properties of fine aggregate sources such as fineness modulus, loose bulk density, specific gravity, water absorption and Materials Finer than 75 μm were founded in the range of (3.17-3.88), (1508.33-1604.17) kg/m3, (2.57-2.66) %, (1.60-1.92) % and (2.74-7.47) respectively. Compressive strength test of all 48 samples were cross the minimum strength provided by M20 grade and it is ranges from 20.64 N/ mm2 to 32.47 N/ mm2. Different value of mean compressive strength was obtained for all sixteen combinations of aggregates form each other. The fine aggregate from Chisang source achieved more value of average compressive strength when mix with other four different coarse aggregate sample than other three sources. Significance difference in mean compressive strength of concrete made from different fine aggregates source was concluded by the Two-way ANOVA test results. This research work concluded that all four fine aggregate sources used in this study and concrete made from these sources can be used for residential building construction propose and other construction work which required strength provided by M20 grade of nominal mix concrete.

Towards The Elimination of Residential Building Structural Failures Through International Best Implementation Practices in Nigeria

Structural failures and the total collapse of mid-rise residential buildings are common phenomena in Nigeria. The rate at which buildings collapse in Nigeria, the frequency of this occurrence, and the magnitude of the losses which are recorded in terms of lives and properties, are becoming alarming. Such incidents are reaching an unprecedented level and have become a major source of concern, not only to the government at all levels but to all stakeholders involved. This paper identifies and examines structural building regulatory implementation and enforcement practices, focusing on stakeholders’ perceptions of building regulatory enforcement and compliance in Nigeria. Quantitative data were captured via a structured questionnaire survey of architects, builders, and engineers, with valid responses received from 378 (63%), and semi-structured face-to-face interviews with industry professionals from different disciplines, such as structural engineers, heads of building departments, site managers, architects, quantity surveyors, builders and project site supervisors, enabled stakeholders’ perceptions of building regulatory enforcement and compliance to be obtained. Using the software SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis and Nvivo 10 for the qualitative analysis, the quantitative findings revealed that stakeholders’ perceptions of building regulatory enforcement and compliance are that these are very low and unsatisfactory. The qualitative findings yielded a large amount of multiple-interlocking reasons for the lack of compliance, which were anchored in inadequate project supervision, poverty levels, inadequate regulatory awareness, and inadequate professional experience. The findings emphasise the need for the Nigerian house-building sector to adopt international best regulatory implementation practices in order to eliminate mid-rise residential building structural failures through short-term and long-term initiative measures. The sector should focus on systemic and attitudinal change, implementation through capacity building and team work, double-loop feedback learning, and a continual evaluation of the implementation process with a view towards improving residential building construction regulatory practices in Nigeria.

Assessment of sandcrete hollow blocks’ thermal performance as a walling material for tropical buildings in Lokoja, Nigeria

PurposeUnderstanding the thermal performance of sandcrete hollow block walls in the tropic is very essential for occupants' well-being, productivity and efficiency, due to its widespread application in buildings in the study area. Lokoja, in Nigeria, lies in the warm humid zone with its attendant's high temperatures all year round. Thus, providing an acceptable walling material that will control the high indoor air temperature becomes imperative. This paper assessed sandcrete hollow blocks as a walling material used in Lokoja, to determine the thermal performances for effective thermal comfort of the residents.Design/methodology/approachIt involves the construction of a habitable model building with the commonly available sandcrete hollow blocks in the area. One unit of Cryopak iMINI Temperature and Relative Humidity Data Logger called new generation intelligent iMINI with Serial Number and Product Code MX-CI-145–0009 and MX-HE-S-16-L was installed, to record the indoor air temperature and relative humidity data at an interval of one hour, for 12 months covering dry and wet seasons. The results of the recorded data were downloaded to an excel spread sheet for assessment and analysis throughout the seasons. The values were computed using the temperature–humidity index (THI) equation, with a view to determine the indoor thermal comfort level category.FindingsThe study revealed that sandcrete hollow block walls provide thermal discomfort of the indoor environment for both seasons, with attendant adverse effects in the comfort of the occupants. The paper concludes that proper orientation of buildings, planting of trees, use of low absorbing or reflective surface materials, application of cavity walls to receive insulation materials in between the hollow spaces provided, instead of the single walling as well as providing shading device elements, can improve users' comfort and also ameliorate the heat effect on the external surface of building transferred into the interior by conduction, radiation or convection within the area and in the tropics at large. Other thermally eco-friendly wall materials available in Lokoja includes timber, stabilized laterite–cement blocks, burnt bricks and earth-mud bricks which can be used to replace sandcrete hollow block walls. These alternative wall materials are used for construction of residential and office buildings by the colonial government of Sir Fredrick Lugard in the study area.Practical implicationsThe application of sandcrete hollow blocks as a wall material is in vogue, not minding its thermal discomfort to the users and the environment; this is due to its availability and ease of production. The acceptability of this walling material requires holistic study to unravel the best way to reduce the thermal discomfort inherent in its application.Originality/valueThe author succeeded in revealing the thermal performance of sandcrete hollow blocks as walling material in Lokoja, the study area. It is a first attempt at understanding the performance for human comfort in the area. This will greatly assist the resident and other researchers to improve on the application of sandcrete hollow blocks as walling material towards ensuring that maximum indoor thermal comfort is achieved.

Non-destructive studies of the internal structure of concrete of different grades

Concrete is one of the most common building materials that is used in many areas of human activity, from the construction of residential buildings to industrial buildings and more. In the nuclear power industry, concrete is used not only as a structural material, but also as a material for biological protection. Usually concrete mix consists of cement, coarse and fine aggregates, water and various additives. Based on the field of application of concrete, the correct ratio of its components is selected. This paper presents the results of a study of the effect of the composition of concrete on its internal structure. The studies were carried out by the non-destructive method of neutron radiography and tomography at the facility, which is located on one of the horizontal channels of the WWR-K reactor. As a result of the studies carried out by the non-destructive method of neutron radiography and tomography, concrete samples of three different types of brands were studied. The distribution of pores and cracks in each sample is shown. The attenuation coefficients of neutron radiation for the studied concrete grades are given. The rate of water migration in concrete of different grades is estimated. The applicability of the neutron radiography and tomography installation for this type of investigation of the internal structure of concrete was demonstrated.

ЭТАПЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ И АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ПЕРВОГО ГЕНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПЛАНА АСТРАХАНИ (1767–1769 ГГ.)

The history of a large-scale program of urban reconstruction and construction on model projects in the second half of the 18th century has been sufficiently studied in the fundamental works of Soviet researchers. However, the local context of regulating the planning structure of border towns continues to be actual topic due to new discoveries and the rapid degradation of the historical and architectural environment. This article summarizes and refines information about the creation of the first Highly approved general plan of Astrakhan in 1760s based on a comprehensive analysis of written and iconographic sources. Stages of development and authors of design solutions are identified. New archival materials and their description are introduced into scientific circulation. The share of participation and contribution of the architect Andrey Menshov, the Astrakhan governor Beketov N.A. and Kvasov A.V. – the chief architect of the “Commission for the Stone Construction in Saint Petersburg and Moscow” is specified. The analysis of the process of designing the general plan in urban planning and architectural aspects with indicating of recommendations and regulations for construction of residential buildings based on principles of regularity and ensemble is presented.

Energy Sustainable House: A Case study and validation through Revit

Reducing carbon footprints and adopting green energy sources is the need of modern time. Green sources of energy need to find preference over traditional sources. Unconventional sources of energy like solar, wind are alternatives of traditional energy sources. Lack of awareness, high initial investment and lack of government incentive are few challenges in adoption of green sources of energy in housing sector, especially in developing economies. Construction, design and aesthetics of traditional residential building have a significant effect on energy consumption and environment. Town planners, private housing developers and individual house owners have to become aware and adopt the non-traditional sources of energy like solar energy for meeting their daily need of energy. An energy sustainable house has minimum dependency on traditional sources of energy like coal based thermal power plants. For moving a step closer to energy sustainable building, in this research paper authors have studied the design, energy consumption and transformation of energy dependencies on roof top solar plant of a residential building by situation actor process & learning action performance (SAP-LAP) methodology. Further authors tried to validate the observations and findings of study by energy balance analysis of the same residential building by Autodesk Revit software. Studying the economical aspect of current case authors observed that the case house got 60% saving in monthly electricity bill after installing rooftop solar power plant and payback period of total investment on solar power plant is 6.5 to 7 years only.

Transformation of the chemical properties of soils in the zone of influence of the asphalt concrete plant

The article presents the results of studies of technogenically contaminated soils in the territory of an asphalt concrete plant. Toxic dust generated by the operation of the enterprise pollutes the air and settles on the surface of the soil. This anthropogenic impact is visually manifested in a decrease in the projective cover of the vegetation cover in the Baiterek region of the West Kazakhstan region. The studies represent the study of such parameters as wind direction, soil composition for readily soluble salts, heavy metals and oil products. In the analysis of soils for heavy metals and oil products, spectral and fluorescent methods were used. Easily soluble salts in an aqueous extract were determined by electrochemical, gravimetric, and direct titration methods. The dynamics of the accumulation of pollutants in the soil corresponded to the winds operating in the zone of the plant. In the northern and western directions from the plant, the analysis of soils for lead and cobalt showed that the permissible norms were exceeded by 5.8 and 6.1 times. The dynamics of petroleum products in the plant's soils also revealed that the approximate permissible norms were exceeded. Analysis of the salt content in the technogenic sediment showed an average salinity within the entire production site. As a result of the research carried out, we found out that the functionality of the plant, represented by the welding, boiler, asphalt mixture production units and the vehicle fleet, really exerts a technogenic load on the soil and vegetation cover. The authors recommend excluding the construction of residential buildings and livestock grazing in the northern and western directions from the design.

TRENDS IN DENSITY BUILDINGS. PROBLEMS OF URBAN PLANNING AND DENSITY BUILDINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF IRIPIN

The article highlights the trends in the development of dense buildings in our time, based on studies of the territory of Irpin. The problems of urban planning faced by local residents (including problems of water supply, electricity, sewerage…) due to dense construction are presented and analyzed in detail. The city of Irpin in its economic and geographical position is a new urban arena with a great ecological heritage. Due to rapid construction, population growth is growing, but engineering networks and infrastructure of the city - no. This is the reason, which, unfortunately, leads to environmental and housing problems that need to be addressed within the urban planning phase. The main characteristics of the trends of compacted buildings are given, special attention is paid to the model of urban planning. The term "dense construction" directly indicates that the construction of a new facility leads to a reduction in usable area within a particular region or city. It is established that when designing in dense conditions of the city it is necessary to choose the combinatorics of elements of construction production and options for construction of residential buildings not only in densely built-up areas, but also in terms of construction of dense infrastructure. The issues of designing modern territories, use of engineering networks were raised. Conditions of urban planning and construction of objects in the conditions of dense construction have a number of difficulties and features for construction which are connected with restriction of the area of a construction site. Improper organization and non-compliance with the rules during construction, leads to adverse effects on the building near which construction is taking place. There are such defects as: cracks, deformation of the foundation, deformation of the structure, distortions, which lead not only to a violation of aesthetic performance, but also - to a violation of the rules of operation. The regularities of the influence of dense buildings on the use of engineering networks, traffic, life of Irpin residents are determined. A number of warrants for solving the city's problems are considered.

Material demand, and environmental and climate implications of Australia's building stock: Current status and outlook to 2060

The construction and maintenance of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings are associated with a significant environmental footprint. Resource efficiency and innovation in the built infrastructure sector are essential for achieving sustainable development goals, and timely information is required to support sustainability policies in cities and towns. Therefore, we estimated the material and environmental footprint of Australian residential, commercial, and industrial buildings in 2016. Our analysis combines spatially explicit gross floor area (GFA) data, building materials per GFA for eleven building types in two construction periods, and estimates of key building materials’ emissions, energy, and water footprint. We estimated the material footprint of 8.8 million buildings at 3.8 billion tonnes with associated emissions of 1,804 million tonnes of CO2e and consumption of 24,218 terajoules (TJ) of energy and 31.5 billion litres of water. Concrete accounts for 59% of the material footprint, followed by sand and stone, ceramics, and timber with 23%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. Most materials, 70.7%, are in residential buildings, while commercial and industrial buildings account for 24.7% and 4.6%, respectively. By 2060, the projected material demand for new buildings and replacing ageing buildings ranges from 4.3 to 7.5 billion tonnes for alternative population growth scenarios. The upper range of the demand signals a two-fold increase in building materials and associated environmental impacts by 2060. Considering this, if Australia does not change the way construction materials are produced and buildings are designed towards sustainable outcomes, the country may not be able to achieve its net-zero emissions target by 2050.

GIS-Based Decision Support System for Safe and Sustainable Building Construction Site in a Mountainous Region

The site selection process for a building entails evaluating a variety of factors with varying degrees of importance or percentage influence. In order to ensure that critical site selection factors are not overlooked, a methodology for calculating a building’s safe site selection must be developed. The study identified three broad aspects widely considered in site selection, namely environmental, physical, and socioeconomic criteria. To assess the safest site selection of residential building construction for sustainable urban growth, we used GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making approach that combined Fuzzy-AHP and weighted linear combination (WLC) aggregation method used to calculate the SSPZ. The final safe site suitability map was generated by aggregating all aspects such as geophysical, socio-economic and Geo-environmental thematic layers and their associated Fuzzy-AHP weights using the weighted linear combination method. The sites potential index’s mean value of 0.513 with standard deviation of 0.340, minimum and maximum GeoPhySSSI are 0.0 and 0.91, respectively, SSS index is classified into zones by histogram profile using natural breaks (jenks)” Subsequently, safe sites identified and divided into six classes namely no construction, very low suitable site low suitable site, moderate suitable site, high suitable site, and very high suitable site.“ According to the statistical analysis, 3.64% and 32.12% of the total area were under very high and high SSSZ, while 26.40% and 6.22% accounted to the moderate and low suitable potential, respectively” Our findings suggest that integrating the fuzzy collection with AHP is highly desirable in terms of alternative and decision-making effectiveness. The study reveals that the areas of high and moderate suitability are located near existing habitant area, major roads, and educational and health services; they are not located in restricted/protected areas or are vulnerable to natural hazards. The findings indicate that unsuitable and less-suitable land uses such as vegetation, protected areas, and agriculture lands cover nearly one-third area of Abha-Khamis Mushyet regions, implying that using Fuzzy-AHP and GIS techniques will significantly aid in the conservation of the environment. This would significantly mitigate adverse effects on the ecosystem and climate.

Destruction Feature Extraction of Prefabricated Residential Building Components Based on BIM

In order to improve the damage feature extraction effect of prefabricated residential building components and improve the structural stability of prefabricated residential components, this paper applies BIM technology to the structural feature analysis of prefabricated residential components. Moreover, this paper adopts the simple superposition method and combines the first strength theory of material mechanics to derive the formula for calculating the cracking torque of prefabricated residential building components under compound torsion. In addition, based on the variable-angle space truss model, this paper uses a simple superposition method to derive the calculation formula for the ultimate torque of composite torsion of fabricated residential building components and applies it to the BIM fabricated residential model. Finally, this paper constructs an intelligent BIM prefabricated residential building construction damage characteristic monitoring system. Through experimental research, it can be seen that the intelligent BIM prefabricated residential building construction damage feature monitoring system proposed in this paper can monitor the damage characteristics of prefabricated residential building construction and can predict the evolution of subsequent building features.

Inventory of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. in Lae Kombih Forest Park Area, Subulussalam

Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. is a plant that grows in the tropical rain forests of western Indonesia which is categorized as a valuable timber tree. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn is a plant that is categorized as a valuable timber tree. Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn also known as the camphor tree, lime or Sumatran camphor, this tree can grow to a height of 60 m with an average trunk diameter of 9 m. Camphor tree is a plant species belonging to the Dipterocarpaceae family which has several advantages because its tree trunk can produce a variety of high economic value commodities such as camphor, balsamic acid, resin, essential oil, beams, poles, roof construction and boards in residential buildings. The method used for the inventory of rare plants is done by using the method of vegetation analysis, the parameters in this study were the type, number, diameter and height of the Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. tree. Vegetation analysis was carried out by plotting 13 plots, each sample plot measuring 20 m x 20 m. The sample used is a total sample using a random sampling system method, the sampling chossen by exploring the area of the Tahura Lae Kombih area where the Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn is located. The results shows that the plant species were found starting from the seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. The most dominant species in this area is Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn that has Important Value Indeks of seedling 163%, Sapling 270%, Pole 283% and Tree 216%.

TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INDUSTRY AND PROBLEMS OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANKING ECONOMIC REGION OF AZERBAIJAN

Aim. Baku economic region consists in collecting and processing the collected material on the current socio-economic state of the territorial organization of the building materials industry and improvement, assessing the level of potential, identifying opportunities for future development, and preparing appropriate recommendations. Methods. During the study, comparative, statistical, mathematical analysis, the method of a systematic approach and personal observations of the authors were used. Results. As a result of the analysis of the territorial organization of the building materials industry and the problems of modern development, the following conclusions were made: For the first time, in modern conditions, on the basis of statistical data and observation materials, an analysis of the territorial organization of the building materials industry and an assessment of the level of development from an economic geographical point of view. It was revealed that the construction industry uses a lot of wood, fittings, glass, faience, sanitary ware and other products that are imported from foreign countries, and such an important industry should be exempt from customs taxes, and or on preferential terms, their importation should be taken under control and guardianship of the state. - A significant part of the stone and sand quarries located in the vicinity of the city of Baku was distributed or sold to the population. Due to population growth and the expansion of the city's neighborhood, it is necessary to pay special attention to the construction of high-rise residential and government buildings in the suburbs of the city. One of the main factors that create the problem of ecological tension in the city of Baku are stone quarries located in the suburban settlements of Garadagh, Guzdek, Turkan, Zire, Mashtaga, etc., which produce sawstone and sand used at the construction sites of the city. The implementation of recycling measures at these sites is beneficial not only for the sources of building materials, but also for the protection of the coastal resort and tourist area.

Constructing the Comprehensive Benefit Evaluation Model of Micro-Energy Network in Residential Building

Micro-energy network is a kind of regional network for intelligent energy synthesis. At present, there is a lack of rich theoretical studies for an in-depth evaluation of its comprehensive benefits. Based on the existing evaluation methods, this paper explores the comprehensive benefits of micro-energy networks in residential buildings, and constructs a comprehensive benefit evaluation model for micro-energy networks in residential buildings based on the load characteristics of residential buildings in terms of economic benefits, energy saving benefits and emission reduction benefits, so as to provide a reference for decision-making in the investment and construction of smart residential buildings.

Study on ventilation optimization design method of rural residential buildings in Guanzhong——A case study of red brick house project in Ezi village, Xianyang

Guanzhong region of Shaanxi province has a continental monsoon climate of warm temperate zone, with hot in summer and cold in winter. Therefore, the strategies of traditional houses dealing with wind environment are mainly ventilation in summer and wind protection in winter. Due to the limitation of technical and economic conditions, winter heating has always been the core problem of rural houses, so people usually adopt a relatively closed space layout to strengthen the windproof performance of buildings, but also lead to poor indoor ventilation in summer.With the development of social economy, rural residents have higher requirements for living quality, so it is very important to improve ventilation efficiency in summer under the condition of ensuring wind protection in winter. Taking the red brick house project in Ezi village of Xianyang as a practical case, in order to improve indoor wind pressure ventilation and thermal pressure ventilation efficiency, the project introduces double-height space and skylight that commonly used in urban buildings into rural houses, providing reference for the construction of similar residential buildings in Guanzhong area.

Constructivist Architecture of Zlatoust: The Urban Heritage of the 1920s–1930s

This paper deals with the historical and cultural heritage of an important industrial centre of the Urals, the city of Zlatoust, namely, its constructivist architecture which emerged during the age of the first five-year plans, and which remained out of researchers’ view. The specifics of the urban process of the industrialisation age in older industrial settlements of the Urals was defined by the deployment of new constructivist buildings in the existing dense urban environment and in the proximity to production sites. The author describes two key locations of new construction in detail. In the old centre, around the Square of the Third International and along Lenin Street, the old dominants were demolished in the early 1930s (cathedral, Lutheran church) and replaced by new ones (club, bank, fire station, 4-storey residential buildings). In the northern part of the town, the residential zone was developed by the Zlatoust Steel Mill, which was heavily reconstructed in the early 1930s, its settlement had a peculiar planning (terraces on the steep slope of a mountain). Drawing upon archival sources, the author traces the process of planning and construction of key residential and public buildings of Zlatoust (factory kitchen, public bath), shows the peculiarities of urban development in the industrial settlement in the Urals, and outlines the projects of particular structures as well as the course of construction. In the second half of the 1930s, the urban development of Zlatoust was stagnating, and most projects from this period (House of Specialists, House of the Soviets) remained on paper. The author specially describes the housing policy of the Zlatoust Steel Mill. Also, he demonstrates that Zlatoust was a leader among the old (pre-revolutionary) industrial settlements in terms of construction, however, due to the outpacing population growth, administrative changes in the second half of the 1930s and the complex natural landscape, the social infrastructure of the city remained underdeveloped. That, in turn, provoked an acute shortage of housing and communal crises during the Great Patriotic War. The constructivist heritage of Zlatoust was incapable of becoming a cultural symbol of the city in the second half of the twentieth century, and even suffered major losses associated with both the expansion of industrial sites and the outflow of the population from the old part of the settlement.

МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЕ НИЗКОКАЧЕСТВЕННОГО ГЛИНИСТОГО СЫРЬЯ ГЕЛЕМ НАНОКРЕМНЕЗЕМА И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА СВОЙСТВА КЕРАМИЧЕСКОГО ЧЕРЕПКА

In connection with the prospects for growth in the volume of construction of individual residential buildings, the demand for facing ceramic bricks and large-format porous wall blocks is increasing. With a shortage of high-quality clay raw materials for the production of plastic molded ceramic bricks, it is recommended to switch to the production of semi-dry pressing products. An important task is to increase the strength of ceramic bricks, both carrying a load in the wall and performing a heat-insulating role. It is recommended to introduce an aqueous solution of nanosilica gel into the charge. The main raw material was non-caking dusty loam of the Verkh-Tulinskoye deposit, containing more than 70% of dusty fractions (5-50 microns). As an additive, we used Lakesil-30 nanosilica gel produced by the Compass Scientific and Technical Center (Kazan). In the article, the authors used both standard research methods and modern methods of X-ray phase analysis to establish the material composition of a ceramic shard. It has been established that, at optimal prescription and technological parameters, the introduction of Lakesil-30 gel with mixing water into the raw mixture increases the strength limit by 32.8% compared to the non-additive composition, without affecting the average density and water absorption of the ceramic shard. ... The quantitative phase composition of the shard has been studied. It has been experimentally established that the strength of a ceramic shard is increased due to the use of an additive of Lakesil-30 nanosilica gel in an optimal dosage. To ensure the maximum strength of the ceramic shard, it is necessary that the processes of interaction of the aqueous solution of the additive with the clay component are completed during firing.

ВИТРАТИ НА ІННОВАЦІЙНУ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ДРАЙВЕР ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЇ ТРАНСФЕРУ ІННОВАЦІЙ В СФЕРІ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ

The article presents research results on innovative activity costs, particularly in the energy sector. The work tasks were to determine the level of the expenses for scientific research in Ukraine and compare it with other countries, to define the level of costs in the energy sector, the dynamics of budgetary funding for the energy sector, and the prospects for the growth of the financing for this sector in the coming years. The research on the drivers of innovation transfer is devoted to the works of scientists from many world countries. This interest is growing every year. Innovation transfer is influenced by many factors. The cost of innovation is one of the drivers of the innovation transfer, highlighted by many scientists. The statistical data on financing innovative activities in Ukraine and European countries were analysed. Their growth was determined based on statistical information on Ukraine's costs of scientific research and development. However, the share of expenses for implementing scientific research and development is decreasing and is one of the smallest in Europe. It was also found that the total amount of budget funding for strategic and medium-term priorities of innovative activity during 2016–2021 has almost doubled. Costs for developing new technologies for improving energy networks and equipment in 2021 amounted to 15.2% and 9.6% in the structure of strategic and medium-term priorities. 86.9% was used for the development of new technologies for the improvement of energy networks and equipment, taking into account the intention to harmonize them with the energy system of the EU countries, new technologies for the construction of energy-efficient residential and communal buildings and premises, and new technologies for obtaining and storing energy from renewable sources. The volume of energy financing in 2021 increased compared to 2020, along with the share growth in the total volume. It indicates the growth of demand for the direction relevant for Ukraine and the world to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals – development in energy and energy efficiency, new materials, agriculture, and ICT.