Resident Migrants Research Articles

Foraging behaviour of insectivorous migrants and a resident songbird at a stopover site

AbstractDuring their staging at stopover sites, migrants compete with resident species over food resources. This ‘resource competition hypothesis’ has often been examined in breeding areas of songbirds, but little is known about resource competition between migrants and resident species at stopover sites. We studied foraging behaviour and microhabitat of the endemic resident species Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca in comparison to eleven migrating species of the same genus or of the same flycatching guild during spring migration on Cyprus, a Mediterranean stopover site. We characterized microhabitats of congeneric Oenanthe species by less cover overhead and low perches and distinguished them from migrating Ficedula hypoleuca, Ficedula albicollis and Phoenicurus phoenicurus, which preferred high cover overhead and medium perches. In a hierarchical cluster analysis, O. cypriaca clustered together with three shrike species Lanius and the flycatcher Muscicapa striata, with less cover overhead, but high perches. During foraging, hopping behaviour discriminated best among the Oenanthe species. Multidimensional scaling on foraging behaviour showed that O. cypriaca is clearly distinct from the other species. Direct competition (aggressive encounters) between the resident species and migrants was rarely observed. Our results provide support for niche partitioning and coexistence between migrants and a resident species at a stopover site.

Avian fauna in agricultural habitats of Punjab state

The present study enlists 189 species of birds belonging to 17 orders, 56 families and 117 genera recorded during the surveys conducted in 207 villages under 19 districts of Punjab between 2011–2013. The study added 62 species of birds to the earlier check list of bird species, making it a consolidated list of 189 bird species from the Punjab State. Of these, 111 were recorded as resident species, 47 resident migrant, 30 migrant and one species in the vagrant category. Observations of the avian diversity in relation to their habitat types, i.e., Type A (Agricultural habitat); Type B (Residential area - urban/rural); Type C (Aquatic habitat/ponds/canal/river/wetland) and Type D (Uncultivated area/forest/barren land) revealed 125, 63, 67 and 19 species, respectively, with some species having overlapping habitat types, i.e., occupying more than one habitat type. In term of conservation status, of the recorded 189 avian species, 10 species were in critical endangered category. Critical endangered category further comprised of one endangered, one vulnerable and eight near threatened species.

The Democratic Potential of Enfranchising Resident Migrants

AbstractThe right to vote has always been the central privilege of citizenship. Its extension to resident migrants holds a promise of democratizing citizenship by bringing it closer to principles with deep roots in liberal and republican traditions, and further away from particularistic understandings that reduce citizenship to nationality. This article's main contribution is a systematic and policy‐relevant discussion of the kind of enfranchisement that can realize that potential, approached in three steps: first, a demarcation of citizenship policy within migration policy substantiates the need to employ a normative perspective; second, a description of the trend of enfranchisement of non‐citizens provides the normative paper with a sound empirical base for a non‐ideal discussion; third, a discussion of different kinds of enfranchisement tackles the controversial issues related to it and delineates the specific requisites to realize its potential.

White-striped freetail bat in Tasmania – resident, vagrant or climate change migrant?

The white-striped freetail bat (Austronomus australis) is distributed throughout mainland Australia, but historically has not been known from the island of Tasmania, off south-eastern mainland Australia. Between 2009 and 2012, echolocation calls identified as those of A. australis were recorded in Tasmania during bat call surveys. There are three hypotheses that could explain the discovery of this species in Tasmania: that A. australis is a previously undetected resident; it is a vagrant; or it is undergoing a southwards range expansion or shift. Based on the limited evidence available, including this species’ long-range flight capabilities (including over open water out to sea), I suggest that this species is a periodic vagrant to Tasmania and that monitoring is necessary to identify whether this species is undergoing a southwards range extension into Tasmania.

Family and Care Work Facing Social Change and Globalization

This article examines the complex interplay between family and elderly care in Japan by taking into account both paid and unpaid reproductive work. The elderly care has gone through a discursive shift from the private sphere to the public sphere since 2000 through the introduction of Long Term Care Insurance. The article first elaborates the two major structural changes in the society namely demographic change and deterioration of the social welfare system including the transformation in the family institutions. Secondly, it discusses the globalization of care work through the entry of migrants into care workforce especially the resident migrants in Japan and how family serves as a driving force in affecting their decision. The article attempts to analyze the role of family in relation to both paid and unpaid reproductive work within the global restructuring of care, which is not only gendered but increasingly becoming ethnicized.

Chagas disease in European countries: the challenge of a surveillance system

A study of aggregate data collected from the literature and official sources was undertaken to estimate expected and observed prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, annual incidence of congenital transmission and rate of underdiagnosis of Chagas disease among Latin American migrants in the nine European countries with the highest prevalence of Chagas disease. Formal and informal data sources were used to estimate the population from endemic countries resident in Europe in 2009, diagnosed cases of Chagas disease and births from mothers originating from endemic countries. By 2009, 4,290 cases had been diagnosed in Europe, compared with an estimated 68,000 to 122,000 expected cases. The expected prevalence was very high in undocumented migrants (on average 45% of total expected cases) while the observed prevalence rate was 1.3 cases per 1,000 resident migrants from endemic countries. An estimated 20 to 183 babies with congenital Chagas disease are born annually in the study countries. The annual incidence rate of congenital transmission per 1,000 pregnancies in women from endemic countries was between none and three cases. The index of under diagnosis of T. cruzi infection was between 94% and 96%. Chagas disease is a public health challenge in the studied European countries. Urgent measures need to be taken to detect new cases of congenital transmission and take care of the existing cases with a focus on migrants without legal residency permit and potential difficulty accessing care.

Species composition and seasonal variations of ichthyoplankton of the coastal zone of Vostok Bay (Peter the great bay, sea of Japan) collected at light stations

We summarize the results of a study of the taxonomic composition and seasonal variations of ichthyoplankton in Vostok Bay. Samples were collected during 2003–2008 at a stationary light station located on the mooring module of the experimental biological station Vostok (Institute of Marine Biology). Within the observation period, larval and juvenile fish of 67 species belonging to 11 orders and 30 families were found in 412 samples. The seasonal dynamics of species composition of ichthyoplankton were examined over the period from March to November. The number of species in the samples changed from 40–36 in April–May, respectively, to 6 species in October. The contribution of resident species and southern migrants to the ichthyoplankton samples was estimated. The light station sampling has proven to be most effective in studying the species diversity of the ichthyofauna in Vostok Bay. Using light station sampling, 18 fish species were found that were not recorded using other sampling techniques.

Bird Species and Their Abundance in Istanbul-Belgrad Forestï€

The aim of this study was to identify the bird species of Belgrad Forest in Istanbul, Turkey. The 5.441,71 ha study area was divided in 100 grid squares. Point counts and line transects were conducted in the forest between June 2001 and May 2003. As a result of the studies 146 species from 41 families of 17 orders were recorded. The regional s tatus of 146 bird species are 30 resident, 5 resident and passage migrant, 4 resident and winter visitor, 5 summer migrant, 18 summer migrant and passage migrant, 57 passage migrant, 12 passage migrant and winter visitor, 11 winter visitor and 4 vagrant. Among them 51 species nested in the study area. Keywords: Istanbul- Belgrad Forest , bird species, abundance .

Arguments for Naturalisation

This article investigates what moral principles should inform states' decisions to grant resident migrants the rights of full citizenship. Some work on this question has focused on the beliefs and attitudes it is thought desirable for migrants to have. This article takes a different approach. Beginning from the assumption that a high rate of naturalisation is desirable, the article investigates four arguments in its favour. The contribution argument says that residents merit citizenship by virtue of their productive contribution to their new society. The coercion argument says it is wrong to impose on resident migrants laws they had no say in making. The membership argument says that migrants merit citizenship because they are already members of society. The respect argument says that long-term alienage is a failure of respect. I argue that the respect account escapes the difficulties of the other arguments, and best matches our intuitions about naturalisation. Further, the respect which states and citizens owe migrants, if manifest in the right political climate, is likely to lead to migrants respecting their new society too, and hence having the right kinds of attitude towards it.

Support for Repatriation Policies of Migrants

In this article we focus on the acceptance of migrants among the general public in the receiving societies. We analyze the most radical of such anti-immigrant sentiments, that is, the support for repatriation policies for legally established immigrants. We analyze intra- and international differences among Western and Eastern European societies, taking advantage of recently collected cross-national high quality data providing means to rigorously test hypotheses on individual and contextual level determinants. Although there are large differences between countries within European regions, we found that support for repatriation policies is overall somewhat higher in Western European societies. In line with Ethnic Group Conflict Theory, support for repatriation policies is stronger in countries with higher proportions of resident migrants and higher levels of immigration. Regarding individual level determinants, we found that particularly lower educated individuals are more in favor of repatriation of migrants. The effect of education differs however across countries and is — in line with socialization theories — less strong in Eastern European countries.

Avifauna of agro-ecosystems of Maidan area of Karnataka

© Zoo Outreach Organisation; www.zoosprint.org Manuscript 1277; Received 23 October 2004; Revised received 11 November 2005; Finally accepted 06 March 2006; Date of publication 21 March 2006 2217 April 2006 | ISSN 0973-2535 (Print edition); 0973-2551 (Online edition) ABSTRACT Diversified wetland agro-ecosystems of Maidan areas of Karnataka have provided congenial habitats for the survival of 27 species of water birds belonging to 13 families. The relative composition of aquatic bird species and their density varied significantly. Further, the Ardeidae members dominated and were common in all habitats. Interestingly, the area was found congenial for certain resident migrants viz., Painted Stork (Mycteria lencepahala), Black Ibis (Pseudibis papillosa) and Oriental White Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus), which were recorded every winter. The study showed that, the varied composition of water birds associated with the wetland agro-ecosystem is for sharing common habitat for different purposes. It is hoped that this study would provide a preliminary database for the avifauna of this area, for further research.

Migração na metrópole

Baseada nas tendências observadas dos movimentos migratórios em São Paulo, o texto caracteriza o perfil dos fluxos migratórios dentro do tecido metropolitano, assim como as mudanças observadas nestes perfis nas últimas décadas. Analisa também as diferenças entre os migrantes residentes na capital e os que vivem nas outras municipalidades, de acordo com especificidades de cada município.

The Long-Term Residents Directive: A Fulfilment of the Tampere Objective of Near-Equality?

This chapter focuses on Council Directive 2003/109/EC concerning the status of third-country nationals (TCNs) who are long-term residents from the perspective of long-term resident migrants working in an employed capacity in one of the Member States. The main question it seeks to answer is whether the legal status accorded to this particular group of (TCNs) by the Directive in respect of equality rights fulfils the Tampere vision of 'near-equality'. The chapter focuses on one of the main rights of long-term residents as it examines to which extent equality of treatment between long-term resident migrant workers and nationals of the host Member State is realized by Article 11 of the Directive. This examination reveals whether Community law from now on reflects social cohesion or continue to promote a legal system based on social injustice with large groups of TCNs treated as 'second class citizens'. Keywords:Council Directive 2003/109/EC; long-term residents; third-country nationals (TCNs)

Checklist of birds from Pohara-Malkhed Reserve Forest, District Amravati, Maharashtra

807 Manuscript received 3 August 2001; Revised manuscript received 15 January 2002; Accepted for publication 20 February 2002 Abstract Avian fauna of Pohara-Malkhed Reserve of Amravati District (Maharashtra) was studied from 1997 to 2000. Totally 171 bird species from 56 different families were recorded of which 108 residents, 38 winter migrants, four passage migrants, three breeding migrants and 18 resident migrants were observed. The appearance of these birds were found to be positively correlated with the availability of food and roosting places. The reserve is at present undisturbed from human activities and rich in grass forest with ten wetlands. Disappearance of vultures was noted.

Recasting citizenship: Introduction

The imposition of universal male conscription by the first French Republic in 1798 and the end of conscription by the Fifth French Republic, announced by French President Jacques Chirac in 1996, are major landmarks for the recasting of modern citizenship and the terrain covered by this collection.1 Covering over two centuries between 1780 and 1996, the essays focus on the changing structures of European citizenship-granting bodies as well as on the evolving characteristics of claim-making populations. In 1798, universal male conscription marked the culmination of the French republic's mobilization of its male citizens, the apogee of a dramatic expansion of citizenship rights won at the cost of vastly increased citizen responsibilities. In 1996, the proposed end of conscription in France (it had already been abolished in Belgium and scheduled for abolition in Holland) marked the fading away of the military rivalries that had made the continent a battlefield but also generated citizenship rights for both men and women. In fact, while overall European states were limiting access to citizenship, with the elimination of conscription, the basic state-building relationship of the revolutionary era was operating in reverse: states diminished responsibilities to recruit long-term resident migrants to citizenship. Given the aging of European populations, could such procedures indicate a new direction in the evolution of citizenship? At the same time, European states were facing new competition for citizens' loyalties. Western European states were members of a market-based European Union (EU) that brought sustained prosperity but little meaningful political participation. From Portugal, to Ireland, to Italy, a new Western European standard of living spread in the decades after World War II but, more recently, a new spirit of exclusionary nationalism has flourished in many EU nations. Could a new and deeper European union be built under such conditions?

Sheltered Nesting in Birds: A Reply to Greenwood and an Evaluation of the Canadian avifauna

The hypothesis that sheltered nesting in small altricial birds primarily is found in (1) resident birds (because of temporal priority) and (2) migrants with an exposed foraging behaviour (because of nest-predation risk), seems to be robust against Greenwood's detailed statistical treatment. The predicted pattern seems to hold also when repeating the analysis for the Swedish avifauna at the family level, and for the Canadian avifauna at both species and family levels.

Undocumented and illegally resident migrant women in Venezuela.

Undocumented and illegally resident migrant women in Venezuela.