Resident Interest Research Articles

Planning Sustainable Community-Based Tourism in the Context of Thailand: Community, Development, and the Foresight Tools

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) has been heavily promoted in Thailand, particularly in rural communities. Tourism transforms the natural and culturally significant attractions of rural communities into consumer products. Tourism development also makes a direct connection between tourism and the community. Therefore, before starting a tourism development project, the interests of local residents need to be investigated and allowances made for their inclusion. This paper introduces foresight tools, community arts, and a community goal-setting technique for putting the authority of future tourism development in the hands of the local community, which is appropriate for tourism development in rural Thailand. This study aims to give the local community useful tools to design their own future development by helping its members develop an understanding of what tourism is and how it impacts their community. A series of inclusive workshops was used to emphasize the need to understand the opportunities and repercussions of tourism as a community, what is at stake, and how important it is to participate in development projects. This methodology was chosen to advance the community members’ ability to generate ideas about what kind of tourism products the community has the potential to develop. Furthermore, it aims to get locals to understand that tourism development is more than just getting that development started. Reaching their future goals requires continuing their tourism activities. Therefore, the two workshops we held advocated community arts and community goal-setting techniques as foresight tools to empower communities to design their future and gave support to those communities to improve the quality of their participation in tourism.

Long-term care facilities' response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A protocol of a cross-sectional, multi-site, international survey.

AimTo examine the response of long‐term care (LTC) residential facilities to the COVID‐19 pandemic worldwide, and the antecedents and outcomes of this response.DesignA protocol of a cross‐sectional survey.MethodsTwo online questionnaires will be used to collect data from LTC residential facilities' managers and staff worldwide. Collected data include participants' socio‐demographic characteristics, facility‐related characteristics, facility response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and possible influences of the pandemic on staff, residents, and residents' families. Data collection has started in April 2021. Data analyses will be conducted on the pooled sample and stratified by the type of facility, participants, or country if required. Multi‐level regression analysis will be considered to account for participants' data clustering in countries and facilities.ResultsThe data collection is ongoing. The findings would guide policy‐makers and healthcare organizations to reform their protocols for the best interest of facilities, staff, residents, and residents' families.

P5. #AllHandsonDeck: A Social Media Analysis of Hand Surgery Content by Plastic Surgery Residency Programs

Background: As a core competency required by the ACGME for plastic surgery training, sufficient hand surgery exposure during residency is essential. Social media platforms, including Instagram, are widely used by residency programs and can factor into applicant decision-making. This study aims to evaluate the representation of hand surgery by integrated plastic surgery residency programs on their Instagram accounts Methods: Integrated plastic surgery residency programs were identified from the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons (ACAPS) website. Their Instagram accounts were identified through Instagram searches. Program variables including Doximity reputation ranking, geographic region, and accreditation date were collected. Posts uploaded through 8/21/2021 were analyzed for hand surgery-related content and hashtags. Video-only posts were excluded. Engagement scores were calculated by dividing mean likes on the 10 most recent posts by number of account followers. Student’s t and ANOVA tests were used to compare hand surgery-related content between programs (?=0.05) Results: Of 84 programs, 77 (91.7%) had active accounts, totaling 9361 posts. 788 (8.4%) posts were hand surgery-related, featuring 211 academic activity (26.9%), 147 operative case (18.7%), 143 fellowship (18.1%), 133 faculty subspecialty (16.9%), 107 research (13.6%), 77 resident interest (9.8%), 29 hand call (3.7%), 13 clinic (1.6%), 5 mission trip (0.6%), 2 news article (0.2%), 2 physical exam (0.2%), and 1 patient testimonial (0.1%) posts. The most commonly featured operative procedures included hand nerve repairs (11.6%), artery repairs (8.8%), replants (8.2%), and transplants (8.2%). 5 (6.5%) accounts had no hand-related content. 934 hand-related hashtags were used, with 75.4% used on hand-related and 24.6% on non-hand-related posts. The most frequently used hashtags were #handsurgery (567), #hand (42), and #handsurgeon (42). Program ranking, geographic region, age, affiliation with hand fellowship, and engagement score were not significantly associated with proportion of hand-related content Conclusion: Under 10% of content featured by integrated plastic surgery residency program Instagram accounts is hand-related. Hand surgery hashtag usage is relatively limited to hand-related content. Given that hand surgery represents one of multiple core competencies, future research is needed comparing proportions of content dedicated to each plastic surgery subspecialty.

From intern to "accepted": A guide to preparing for fellowship in emergency medicine.

The number of fellowship options for emergency medicine (EM) physicians continues to expand. While guides exist to help residents explore individual fellowship pathways, we aimed to create a comprehensive guide for all residents considering fellowship. At the direction of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Board, 9members of the Fellowship Guide Workgroup, including members of the Fellowship Approval Committee, and 2 members of SAEM Residents and Medical Students (RAMS) group collaboratively developed the guide using available evidence and expert opinion when high-quality evidence was unavailable. The guide was reviewed and approved by all members. The guide offers advice to EM residents on how to conceptualize key aspects of their training with respect to preparation for fellowship, including scholarship, teaching, leadership, and electives. Additionally, it offers perspective on selecting a fellowship that matches the resident's interests and goals and successfully applying. This fellowship guide for EM residents considering fellowship summarizes the best currently available advice for residents considering fellowship training after residency.

Nonprofit Board Membership: A Novel Mechanism for Authentic Community Engagement and Leadership Development for Resident Physicians.

Many residency programs have increased curriculum emphasis on the social determinants of health in recent years, and genuine longitudinal experiences for community engagement can be rare and challenging to design. The pediatric residency program at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh has its separate Pediatric Advocacy-Leadership-Service (PALS) program track with 6 total residents across all trainee levels in a given academic year. Since 2011, the PALS program's mission is to train residents to be outstanding primary care pediatricians with the knowledge and skills to provide effective health care, leadership, and advocacy on behalf of children and families in medically underserved communities. This specific training is accomplished through multiple elements in the spirit of the acronym. Authentic leadership training, beyond personality profiles and suggested readings, is exceptionally difficult to provide. The PALS program provides the following unique training opportunity to meet this need.Enabling authentic community engagement while simultaneously offering robust leadership development, the PALS program facilitates each resident to be a member on the board of directors of a local nonprofit organization during residency training. This pairing is done with individual attention to each resident's interests and the community organization's vision and values. First-year PALS residents are asked to critically reflect on personal strengths, goals, and areas of growth. Local community pediatrician and public health leader, Dr Amy Nevin, has years of experience with grassroots community health networks to coordinate “the match” between each nonprofit organization and resident. To enable junior residents to contribute meaningfully as board members, she and the PALS third-year residents provide specific mentorship and are in communication with various local nonprofits gauging specific organization needs. First, an interview is completed, and the nonprofit leadership decides whether the resident physician is their desired board member candidate. If all parties are interested in proceeding, clear expectations are outlined upfront. For example, residents are never expected to make large personal financial donations to the organization. Residents are transparent regarding their rigorous clinical schedules. Nonprofit organizations provide board meeting times to the residents and share reasonable attendance expectations. Residents then provide board meeting times in advance to residency program leadership for accommodations when possible. The timeline varies per each pairing but is finalized by the end of intern year at the latest to provide at least 2 full years of active nonprofit board membership.The resident nonprofit board membership experience has been an empowering community opportunity with mutual benefits for both local nonprofits and residents. Several residents have cited their nonprofit board role as one of their most rewarding experiences of residency. Many residents invited their community partners to visit the hospital for guest lectures during teaching conferences. Community nonprofits have utilized resident perspectives, often the only medical voice on many boards, on numerous occasions including navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. The list of participating nonprofit organizations (Table) has grown even as some partners actively seek a new resident board member as graduating ones complete their residency programs. Most residents had never previously held board responsibilities, and this leadership opportunity intends to serve all graduates as future community health leaders in their careers. Further investigation is needed longitudinally to survey graduates and community partners of this experience to understand its long-term career impact.

"A sorely neglected field": A multisite study of self-reported humanities exposure among emergency medicine residents.

The Association of American Medical Colleges has identified the humanities as fundamental to medical education across all specialties. Evidence from undergraduate medical education (UME) demonstrates the humanities' positive impacts on outcomes that could be relevant to patient care and trainee well-being in emergency medicine (EM) residency training. However, less is known about the humanities' role in graduate medical education (GME). The objectives were to describe EM residents' self-reported exposure to the humanities and its relationship with their empathy, tolerance of ambiguity, and patient-centeredness, and to assess their attitudes toward the humanities in GME. This cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted at six U.S. EM residency programs in 2018-2019. Quantitative analyses included linear regressions testing for trends between humanities exposures and outcomes, adjusted for sex, year in training, and clustering within programs; adjunct analysis of free-text responses was performed using an exploratory constructivist approach to identify themes about views on the humanities' role in medicine. Response rate was 54.8% (153/279). A total of 65% of respondents were male and 28.1% of respondents had a preceding humanities degree. Preceding humanities degree and current self-reported humanities exposure were positively associated with performance on empathy subscales (p= 0.02). Seventy-five percent (n= 114) of respondents agreed humanities are important in GME; free-text responses revealed perceived positive impacts of humanities on generating well-rounded clinicians and enhancing patient care. Engagement with the humanities may be associated with empathy among EM residents. Although the magnitude of associations was smaller than that seen in UME, this study demonstrates resident interest in humanities and suggests that extracurricular engagement with the humanities may be insufficient to prolong positive impacts seen in UME. Further research is needed to explore how to sustain these benefits through integration or addition of the humanities in existing GME curricula.

빅데이터 분석기술을 이용한 자치경찰제 도입 전후 인식 연구

The reason for the introduction of the autonomous police system is closely related to the ideology of local autonomy guaranteed by the Constitution, and the democracy of security administration that reflects the participation of residents and the autonomy of local communities is key. Against this background, the main affairs of the self-governing police in Korea are centered on resident-friendly and public security. It is expected that the self-governing police will need the interest, understanding, cooperation, and participation of local communities and local residents to secure the security of the local community and solve various problems. This study aims to derive implications and provide basic data for the development of autonomous police by using the search volume related to autonomous police before and after the introduction of the autonomous police system, news, and SNS. According to the research results, first, search volume and news volume increased according to specific issues, but after the introduction of the system, search volume decreased while news volume increased. It can be understood that a large number of news are derived according to various issues about the autonomous police system, apart from people's interest. In order to attract local residents' attention and help them understand, efforts should be accompanied by exploring and applying promotional means other than media reports, and measures to secure finances to prepare an environment in which various policy methods can be proposed. Second, it can be inferred that there is still a lack of understanding and many questions about the autonomous police in that keywords related to form, timing, and method of introduction were highlighted through analysis of keywords related to news search before and after the introduction of the autonomous police. In order to enhance the public's understanding of the autonomous police and to establish a stable settlement, the government and related ministries should increase state support of cities and provinces and expand the authority of provincial governors to provide a foundation for operating in accordance with the purpose of the system. In addition, it is necessary to make efforts to dispel concerns by preparing measures to compensate for the shortcomings of the autonomous police system. Third, before and after the introduction, people's perception of the autonomous police was found to have changed positively on SNS, and it can be interpreted as expressing expectations for the autonomous police not long after the system was implemented. Therefore, in order for local police to dispel people's concerns and meet the expectations expressed, it will be necessary to supplement legal and institutional devices to secure the expertise and internalization of local police, including related ministries and institutions.

Community-based participatory research for low-cost air pollution monitoring in the wake of unconventional oil and gas development in the Ohio River Valley: Empowering impacted residents through community science

Belmont County, Ohio is heavily dominated by unconventional oil and gas development that results in high levels of ambient air pollution. Residents here chose to work with a national volunteer network to develop a method of participatory science to answer questions about the association between impact on the health of their community and pollution exposure from the many industrial point sources in the county and surrounding area and river valley. After first directing their questions to the government agencies responsible for permitting and protecting public health, residents noted the lack of detailed data and understanding of the impact of these industries. These residents and environmental advocates are using the resulting science to open a dialogue with the EPA in hopes to ultimately collaboratively develop air quality standards that better protect public health. Results from comparing measurements from a citizen-led participatory low-cost, high-density air pollution sensor network of 35 particulate matter and 25 volatile organic compound sensors against regulatory monitors show low correlations (consistently R2 < 0.55). This network analysis combined with complementary models of emission plumes are revealing the inadequacy of the sparse regulatory air pollution monitoring network in the area, and opening many avenues for public health officials to further verify people’s experiences and act in the interest of residents’ health with enforcement and informed permitting practices. Further, the collaborative best practices developed by this study serve as a launchpad for other community science efforts looking to monitor local air quality in response to industrial growth.

Translating Ideals Into Practice: A Pragmatic Approach to Advocacy for Medical Trainees.

To the Editor: Medical trainees face barriers to engaging in advocacy, including time constraints, challenges to obtaining institutional support, and concern that advocacy will be perceived as unprofessional or less valuable than other scholarly endeavors. Using the Resident Interest Group in Social Advocacy (RIGSA) in the internal medicine program at the University of Toronto as an example, there are 3 actionable ways medical trainees can be empowered as agents of change: Create a collaborative space for advocacy: The creation of a formal advocacy group with institutional support in training programs reduces barriers for trainees to become involved in advocacy work. RIGSA was created by a resident in the internal medicine program after identifying a lack of a shared space for trainees interested in advocacy. With 3 faculty champions, including the program director, the group was formally adopted with over 20 residents who collaborated on projects. These faculty champions have identified advocacy as essential to—rather than contrary to—the concept of professionalism. Enact near-peer teaching of practical skills for allyship: There is a gap between knowing the theory of antioppression and having the skill set to implement it in practice, particularly within the context of power dynamics in medicine. Although oppression is a systemic problem warranting systems-level interventions, it is also empowering for medical learners to have formal training for disrupting discrimination in clinical contexts. RIGSA has delivered academic half-day workshops with a didactic component addressing the systemic, intersectional nature of oppression followed by an interactive small group component for trainees to practice principles of allyship. It is particularly important that trained workshop facilitators have lived experience (i.e., are Black, Indigenous, or people of color in workshops addressing racism) and are near-peers who understand the power dynamics at play. At the University of Toronto, faculty members also participated in allyship workshops to foster cultural change. Find clinical opportunities to work with marginalized populations: Social medicine elective opportunities are a direct way for trainees to understand the interplay between structural disadvantage and health. It is critical that faculty with long-standing relationships with community organizations are involved in these endeavors to properly serve the local communities of institutions. Learning objectives should be developed with community organizations. RIGSA is in the process of developing a social medicine elective. Collectively, these strategies illustrate how medical trainees and faculty can collaborate to translate ideals of advocacy into practice. Acknowledgments: The author thanks Dr. Lisa Richardson, Dr. Arno Kumagai, and Dr. Jeannette Goguen for their support in creating RIGSA.

Involving the Public in the Assessment of Community Real Estate Property

The paper argues for the need to involve the public in decision-making on abandoned community real estate property in small communities with limited financial resources. This can be achieved by giving the public the opportunity to express their opinion via a survey. For this purpose, a specific approach was developed which involves conducting a survey and evaluating the results. A particular weighting factor is given for each chosen rank of indicator. A system of 50 indicators for five different groups (interior, exterior, environment, historical and cultural value, and finance) is proposed. The indicators are divided into 38 incentives and 12 disincentives, in accordance with their impact on the final assessment of the real estate property. An example of an assessment is given and it is proposed that the survey results be categorised and analysed based on the age of respondents. The aim of this paper is to develop a way of investigating the opinion of the local community regarding abandoned municipal real estate property in the cheapest and easiest way, applicable even in small villages. Not only will this ensure the assessment is carried out, it will also involve more people in community life and increase their interest. Public participation in solving community affairs is crucial when it comes to increasing the interest of residents in the life of the territory in particular and the effective development of civil society in general. At the initial stage citizens may only engage in one-time participation; however, in the future a critical mass of caring locals will be formed who can bring forward new ideas and offer innovative solutions.

Interest in Plastic Surgery Residency: A Google Trends Analysis.

Since 2010, the number of programs and available positions for integrated plastic surgery residency has increased, yet the match rate remains one of the lowest of all specialties, and the applicant pool remains one of the most competitive. We sought to investigate whether this increased interest in integrated programs has translated to increased online search volume regarding plastic surgery residency. Our study uses Google Trends, a powerful online tool that analyzes changes in Google search volume over time and across various regions, to study temporal and geographic trends in search interest for terms related to plastic surgery residency from July 2009 to 2020 in the United States. Terms related to plastic surgery research, step 1 and 2 scores, and residency interviews had the most search results, whereas terms related to away rotations and Alpha Omega Alpha had the least. "Independent plastic surgery track" had more total search results on Google than "integrated plastic surgery residency," and "plastic surgery fellowship" declined in search interest from July 2009 to March 2010. There was a rise in search volume for a plastic surgeon's salary and a fall in search volume for plastic surgery research between July 2009 and July 2020. However, other terms related to residency or residency applications showed no sustained trends over time. "Plastic surgery residency" was most searched in Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, and Missouri, whereas "plastic surgeon salary" was most searched in Louisiana, Texas, Arizona, and Georgia. This Google Trends analysis showed discordance between the upward trend in integrated plastic surgery residency positions offered through the National Residency Match Program and relatively unchanging search interest in factors related to the plastic surgery residency application. However, interest in a plastic surgeon's salary has increased over time, but this is not specific to plastic surgery. Although online search tools can be of important predictive value, this study demonstrates that there are clearly other factors that influence medical students' interest in plastic surgery residency besides Internet research.

종합사회복지관의 공간개선 요구사항 분석 및 디자인 방향 연구

It has been nearly 30 years since the establishment of the Social Welfare Center to support the diverse needs of local resident. Accordingly, the user"s satisfaction is lowered due to the poor environment, and improvement of the spatial environment is urgently needed. The study aims to suggest a design direction based on the user needs to improve the spatial environment of the social welfare center. As a research method, site visits and interviews with staffs were conducted to identify the current status of the facility"s spatial environment and users" requirements for space improvement. The interview contents were classified into the similar types of semantic subject through structural analysis of meanings by applying qualitative content analysis. Based on the classified types, suggestions were made on the future direction of spatial improvement of social welfare centers. As a result of the study, most facilities were operating different programs and spaces for various types of users, and they did not provide quality space environment due to the old facilities. In the interview with staffs, eight requirements were identified: acceptance of diversity/flexibility of spatial structure and functions; securing sufficient areas; using small-scale spaces; managing aging facilities; providing multi-purpose space focusing on healing and relationships; strengthening user accessibility; improvement of ventilation. Based on the study results, it is expected that a social welfare center, which is closely related to the interests of local residents, can better support users" needs and increase satisfaction with facility use.

Perceived Impact of Colors in Interiors and Architecture

Colors are an inextricable element of the world we live in, and their influence on how people perceive their surroundings is irrefutable. It is a subtle stimulator with silent impact on physical, physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects in every day human lives. An interior designer can use color theory and alter characteristics of rooms by pleasing color plan for interiors to match the purpose and interests of residents. Therefore, the author had undertaken a study and interviewed people from different walks of life to assess their perception about the use of colors in interiors and concluded that people expressed color as an important factor in interior design. They prefer different colors as per the size and space of each room and considered quality material, availability of natural light, and matched the color of interiors. They also believe that color affects health, mood, and emotions of the person.

Developing Resident Course Directors for MS4 Geriatric Psychiatry

<h3>Introduction</h3> Geriatric psychiatry interest among medical students and residents is waning. This poses an existential crisis to the field and to AAGP. Fresh creative teaching modalities are needed to re-invigorate and sustain learner interest in geriatric psychiatry. Fourth year medical student rotations are one space amenable to creativity and leadership development for residents interested in academic teaching careers. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve the Geriatric Psychiatry fourth year medical student rotation by introducing a PGY-2 resident with a passion for education and geriatric psychiatry as the "assistant course director". Our goal is to sustain resident enthusiasm for geriatric psychiatry and to inspire students to consider careers in geriatrics. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified a PGY-2 resident with a passion for education and geriatric psychiatry to review the MS4 Geriatric Psychiatry course with the course director. This resident was appointed assistant course director and mentored by senior education leadership. The assistant director identified faculty enthusiasm and diverse clinical sites as course strengths. They identified the following deficiencies and opportunities of improvement: poor course orientation materials, minimal inclusion of high interest reading material, no formal assessments of knowledge, and no student specific didactic instruction or case conferences. The assistant course director developed a formal orientation packet with goals and expectations, identified key readings for four weekly didactics with quizzes to assess knowledge and guide discussion, and developed pre- and post-course written exams to assess student knowledge. The resident coordinated student clinical rotation schedules between VA and university clinics and APS home visits. The success of these course quality improvements was measured using learner interviews and formal course and resident evaluations. <h3>Results</h3> Twelve students enrolled in the course. Pre- and Post-course test evaluations show improved and retained geriatric psychiatry medical knowledge. Qualitative feedback yields positive results in terms of overall clerkship organization, clinical experience, and quality of didactics. Students specifically appreciate didactics focused on neurocognitive assessment and clinical opportunities to implement the learned skills. The PGY-2 "assistant course director" reports an enhanced education portfolio and ongoing interest in a geriatric psychiatry academic career. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Mentoring resident interest through formal course directorship may be one path to enhance student interest in geriatrics and sustain resident interest in academic geriatric psychiatry. We observed improved medical knowledge and favorable rotation and resident evaluations. Resident-student learning may generate new enthusiasm for geriatric psychiatry while growing the academic skills of future geriatric psychiatrists. <h3>This research was funded by</h3> N/A

История Лунинецкого местного самоуправления. 1842–1939 гг.

A local government is an association of persons of public law, based on community of interests of residents of a territory determined as units of the administrative and territorial division. It is regulated and administered by organs chosen by residents on their own territory, under control of suitable government organs within the framework of authorizations determined in state law. It acts in its own name, on its own territory and on its own responsibility. It possesses assets and budget, earnings and expenses. The author of the elaboration set the task of examining of the formation and functioning of local government structures on the example of one region and the city of today's Belarus – Łuniniec. In compliance with the announcement from the previous number of our periodical, we give the forth and the last part of history of Łuniniec local government (1842–1939) to your hands. In the part legal bases concerning activities of local governments and the state of the local government in Łuniniec province in 1934-1939 were discussed. The summary of the elaboration can also be found here.

Implementation of a Virtual Reality recreation program in long-term care.

IntroductionThis manuscript describes the implementation of a Virtual Reality (VR) recreation program at long-term care sites across Ontario, Canada, using the RE-AIM Framework to guide the implementation and its evaluation.MethodsWe developed a VR recreation program to enhance the lives of long-term care residents, through 3 sequential phases. In Phase 1, we learned about resident and staff needs through focus groups, staff surveys and observations. In Phase 2, we developed 10 VR experiences, based on the data from Phase 1. In Phase 3, we implemented the VR experiences and supporting manual and measured their implementation, using the RE-AIM Framework.ResultsWe found the VR program to be highly (but not consistently) implementable across all sites. Factors that supported implementation were the following: resident interest in the content and technology, relative ease of use for staff to implement and formally integrating VR into the recreation calendar. Factors that impeded implementation were the following: the size of the headset, inability for the headset to cast given the sites' Information Technology infrastructure and some content that was not engaging.ConclusionsVR programs are highly implementable and this implementation is enhanced by integration of the program into existing recreational systems, ease of use and resident engagement.

ОЗДОРОВЧА РЕКРЕАЦІЯ ТА МЕДИЧНИЙ ТУРИЗМ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ПРИЧОРНОМОР’Я (НА ПРИКЛАДІ САНАТОРІЇВ М. ОДЕСИ)

In the article the specifics of combining wellness recreation and medical tourism, as well as relevant management challenges within the Ukrainian Black Sea region, on the example of Odesa resorts, that need to prioritize the interests of local residents over the interests of visitors as well as unloading Odesa by road transport to eliminate the negative, in particular the environmental consequences for recreation and tourism of the city are analyzed and determined. Accumulation and further targeted use of financial resources (due to tourist tax, fines for administrative violations, etc.) in the formation like a development fund of recreation and tourism and its collaboration with the environmental fund of the city is offered; as well as significant improvement of information management, aimed primarily at the systematic and open acquaintance of locals and visitors with the state of affairs in the field under study, in particular within the framework of ensuring the safety of vacationers, in accordance with ISO / PAS 5643:2021. Emphasis is placed on intensification in crisis conditions, currently during the COVID-19 pandemic, financial support of sanatoriums by the state, primarily in the form of grants, as well as modernization of children’s health centers. On the example of Odessa sanatoriums, which continue the tradition of providing health and recreational services, it was found that in essence the Ukrainian-Black Sea wellness tourism is complex and includes features of medical, recreational, health and other relevant types of tourism. For its further development it is necessary to innovate and learn from the experience of economically developed countries, but traditions and mental features need to be protected and preserved, as they determine the authenticity and image of Ukrainian tourism. In the paper are also substantiated a comprehensive combination of traditional organizational and economic tools, including quality control of recreational services, modernization of recreational infrastructure, etc., and additional measures, primarily to ensure the safety and comfort of vacationers, in a mechanism aimed at eliminating the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the sphere of wellness recreation and medical tourism in Ukraine.

Design and Implementation of a Global Health and Underserved Care Track in an Otolaryngology Residency.

Despite widespread resident interest in global health and underserved care, few otolaryngology residency programs offer a formal global health experience. This article is the first to characterize a formal otolaryngology global health and underserved care track with a focus on how this curriculum integrates with and supplements resident education. Components of the track include longitudinal limited-resource field experiences in domestic and abroad settings, a related quality improvement project, and completion of a formalized global health educational curriculum. In addition to delivering humanitarian aid, residents in this track obtain a unique educational experience in all 6 core competencies of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Early barriers to implementation included identifying mentorship, securing funding, and managing busy resident schedules. In this work, we detail track components, schedule by track year, keys to implementation, and potential educational pitfalls.

Factors Affecting Ophthalmology Trainees to Pursue Vitreoretinal Surgery Fellowship

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to understand the factors that ophthalmology trainees consider in pursuing vitreoretinal surgery (VRS) fellowship training. Methods This is a prospective observational survey study. Survey invitations were disseminated to postgraduate year 4 (PGY)-4 ophthalmology residents at Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited residency programs and surgical retina fellows at Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology Fellowship Compliance Committee-compliant fellowship programs in the United States. Survey questions on factors related to VRS were administered employing a 5-point Likert scale. Responses from ophthalmology residents pursuing surgical retina were combined with surgical retina fellows' responses and compared with responses from PGY-4 residents not pursuing vitreoretinal surgery. Results Eighty-one resident surveys were completed. Forty-three fellow surveys were completed. Fifty-seven out of eighty-one (70.4%) residents were not pursuing surgical retina, and a total of 67 trainees (24 residents, 43 fellows) were pursuing surgical retina. The following factors were associated with pursuing VRS training: male gender (p = 0.031); having performed retina research during residency (p ≤ 0.001); enjoying surgical retina procedures (p ≤ 0.001), enjoying surgical retina patient outcomes (p ≤ 0.001), and working with vitreoretinal surgeons (p ≤ 0.001); finding surgical retina prestigious (p ≤ 0.001); perceiving their residency having a strong record of matching surgical retina (p = 0.039); liking the potential financial income from surgical retina (p ≤ 0.001); and having vitreoretinal mentors during residency (p = 0.014). A majority of trainees (31/57, 54.4%) not pursuing surgical retina disagreed or strongly disagreed with enjoying the patient outcomes in surgical retina. A third of female residents not pursuing surgical retina felt having a female surgical retina mentor would have made them more likely to pursue the field. Conclusion Longer retina rotations, encouraging resident participation in retina research, and increasing mentorship opportunities of female trainees from female retina specialists may increase resident interest in pursuing surgical retina fellowship.

DETERMINATION OF RECYCLE WATER TECHNOLOGY FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT AT UNIVERSITAS PERTAMINA AREA WITH ANALYTICAL HIRACHY PROCESS (AHP)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The wastewater treatment plant (&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;WWTP&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;) at the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Universitas Pertamina&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;area &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;is one of the campus's efforts to reduce the environmental impact of wastewater production. The processed WWTP can be processed into ready-to-drink water as an effort to reduce plastic waste. This plastic waste is usually produced by the consumption of mineral water products. The availability of ready-to-drink water in the campus complex is expected to increase the interest of campus residents to use tumblers and reduce the generation of plastic waste as well as university proactive efforts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the units needed to process WWTP effluent into ready-to-drink water by looking at various alternatives. This study uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in determining the best alternative. The units required for each alternative are equalization tub, slow sand filter, and disinfection. Meanwhile, for processing, there are three alternatives, namely microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and combined microfiltration – ultra-filtration (MF-UF). The selection of these alternatives was adjusted to the criteria of cost, required membrane area, flux recovery after backwashing, and the effectiveness of total coliform removal. MF filtration technology is the largest weight, which is 0.381. Where the use of MF in the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Universitas Pertamina&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;area&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; is cheaper and requires better area than UF and MF-UF technology.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;