Territory Of Reserve Research Articles

ФЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИЕ И ГЕНОТИПИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ ФОРМ ВИНОГРАДА КУБАНИ

The article presents the results of scientific research consisting in finding wild-growing forms of the genus Vitis L. and studying their ecological-biological, phenotypic and genotypic features. The purpose of the work is to attract particularly valuable samples for economically useful traits to selection as new donors of resistance to various abiotic and biotic stress factors. The research was carried out on the territory of the state nature Reserve “Utrish” of Krasnodar Territory in 2021 using traditional and modern methods: route reconnaissance (expedition), geobotanical, ampelographic, analytical. It was found that the shape (openness), cobwebby pubescence and the degree of anthocyanin coloration of the tip of the young shoot in the studied populations of wild grapes are among the most variable morphological features. According to the method [15], the shape of the tip of the young shoot varies in this case from slightly open to completely open. The cobwebby pubescence of the crown of a young shoot in wild grape plants along a wide gap varies from medium (3 points) to thick (4 points). The discovered and described wild-growing forms of grapes Sh1-Sh5 go through all phases of development in full – from budding to grape ripening. At the time of the research, the samples Sh1-Sh5 visually had no damage from the phytopathogenic microflora. This is confirmed by laboratory studies. As a result of microbiological analysis, single saprophytic bacteria were found. Colonies of fungi and bacteria similar in phenotype to pathogenic ones were not found. At the same time, Sh1-Sh5 samples can be asymptomatic sources of viruses that can cause significant economic losses. Determination of the presence of 7 economically important viral pathogens of grapes in samples Sh1-Sh5 showed that samples Sh1, Sh2, Sh3, Sh5 are free of viral diseases. According to the results of the studies, the GPGV virus (Grapevine Pinot gris virus trichovirus) was detected only in the Sh4 sample.

IONIC COMPOSITION OF THE SURFACE WATER OF THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN STATE RESERVE DURING THE INTENSIVE SUMMER MELTING OF GLACIERS

The purpose of this study is to study the ionic composition of the surface waters of the river basin Chegem on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian State Reserve during the period of intensive melting of glaciers. The objects of study were watercourses located on the territory of the reserve from two sources to the exit of the river to the plain at a distance of 87 km to the confluence with the waters of the river. Baksan. Hydrochemical indicators of water quality and suitability for various purposes have been obtained. River waters of Chegem belong to the class of calcium bicarbonate group, fresh waters with low hardness, which do not contain dangerous levels of biogenic compounds. In 2020, a study of the waters of the river. Chegem and its tributaries in the summer from the sources (left and right), forming the beginning of the river to the mouth zone. The content of the main ions was determined by chemical analysis methods. The article presents the results of observations of an increase in the concentrations of macrocomponents and inorganic compounds of nitrogen downstream the river. It was revealed that the increase in concentrations is associated with the conditions of interaction of rocks with melt and river waters. An assessment of the suitability of waters for various purposes was carried out.

Вплив лісових пожеж на лісові рослинні комплекси, забруднені радіонуклідами

Among the most pressing threats to the existence of forest plant complexes of the nature reserve fund is the pyrogenic danger, which is exacerbated by changes in the natural hydrolytic regime and global climate change, the driving effects of which are currently difficult to fully assess. The article highlights the results of a study of the forest plant complexes and soil state of the nature reserve "Drevlyanskyi" in Zhytomyr region after the fires. The results of the field survey of plantations, agrochemical and radiological analysis of soil indicators are presented. Studies show a change in the composition of forest plant complexes, a reduction in the number of herbaceous species, and a decrease in the area of moss and lichen cover. The surveyed area is characterized by significant spatial heterogeneity of the main agrochemical and physicochemical parameters of the soil. There was a slight increase in the content of heavy metals in the soil, however, the indicators did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations in these areas. To assess the radiation situation after fires on the territory of the nature reserve, the indicators of the density of soil pollution with 137Cs and 90Sr were determined. The authors recommended a set of measures to improve the efficiency of nature reserves. Adherence to the recommendations will help to increase the environmental sustainability of forest plant complexes and will minimize the occurrence of fires and their consequences.

Peculiarities of the Middle Prydniprovia forest plantations use with the participation of Robinia pseudoacacia as raw material land for beekeeping

Preconditions for the creation of artificial forest plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia L. in Kaniv Prydniprovia region, which were planted on ravine-beam systems and Dnipro cliffs during forest reclamation measures fighting against erosion processes, are presented. At the beginning of the 20th century, it began to be widely used in afforestation of areas with heavily washed-out soils, in particular on the steep slopes of ravines, on their bottoms and on the slopes of landslide terraces. Artificially created Robinia pseudoacacia plantations, in addition to their soil protection and water retention role, had a significant list of useful properties: wood source, medicinal plant, raw material base for beekeeping. Ecological and coenotic features of artificially formed plantations and spontaneously formed phytocenoses of Robinia pseudoacacia are reflected. A list of accompanying tree, shrub and herbaceous species of nectar- and pollen-bearing ecosystems of the Kaniv Nature Reserve, which grow in artificial plantations of Robinia pseudoacacia, which may also have some raw material value for beekeeping, has been formed. The data of phenological observations on the beginning of its flowering on the territory of Kaniv Nature Reserve during the last 50 years are given, where, depending on the temperature conditions in diffe rent years, it began to bloom in the time range of 30 days. The dependence of honey productivity of an apiary with a constant number of bee colonies on certain characteristics of weather conditions during the last 10 years is analyzed. The performance of the Robinia pseudoacacia honey harvest is not stable due to differences in weather conditions from year to year. There is a slight direct positive relationship between the amount of honey obtained and the sum of average daily temperatures for the second and third decade of May.

Phytostroma transformation of «Rechitsia» hydrological reservoir as a consequence of amber mining

As a result of illegal amber mining on the territory of «Rechitsia» hydrological reserve, 97.0 hectares or 80.8% of its area was damaged during 4 years (2014– 2017). Including on the area of 59.2 hectares (49.3% of the area of the reserve), catastrophic changes took place — the complete destruction of natural ecosystems; on 37.8 hectares or 31.5% of the area of the reserve, gradual negative changes are taking place — there is a strong impact on natural ecosystems from the side of the surrounding quarters, disturbed by amber mining. As a result of the illegal mining of amber on the territory of «Rechitsia» hydrological reserve, all protection priorities were lost both at the species and coenotic levels. On its territory, mesooligotrophic ancient, 130-year-old pine-sphagnum bogs (unique reference areas), treeless oligotrophic sedge-sphagnum bogs, and areas of ancient, 110-yearold dryland pine-oak acidophilic, floristically rich forests had the greatest value. Prior to anthropogenic disturbance of the natural ecosystems of the reserve on its territory, the priorities of protection at the species level were 8 species of vascular plants listed in the «Red Book of Ukraine», as well as 5 species of animals listed in the «Red Book of Ukraine». At the cenotic level, rare coenoses of forest-swamp meso-oligotrophic and oligotrophic swamps of the reserve were protected, listed in the «Green Book of Ukraine». In 8 areas bordering heavily disturbed areas, a strong impact on natural ecosystems from the surrounding disturbed quarters is now manifested, due to negative changes in the general hydrological regime of the territory — as a rule, significant drying, which results in the degradation of natural vegetation. The total area of such plots in «Rechitsia» reserve is 37.8 hectares or 31.5% of the area of the reserve. These gradual changes are manifested, first of all, in the loss of ecological stability of ecosystems, the loss of the most moisture-loving species at the first stage, the thinning and gradual dying of the crowns of the tree stand, the reduction of species and coenotic diversity of flora and fauna. On the territory of the former reserve, disturbed by illegal amber mining, it is necessary to carry out engineering reclamation, after which — biological, namely — planting of birch and pine crops.

Regulation of the flow of tourists during the design of ecological paths with the aim of preserving natural resources in specially protected natural territories

The relevance of the topic of the work lies in the consideration of one of the most promising methods of gentle nature management — ecological tourism. Special attention is paid to the state nature reserve "Bureinsky", namely to the assessment of anthropogenic factors that can lead to a decrease in the number of visitors to the reserve. The article describes in detail the technique of "estimation of current capacity" and its practical application on the territory of the ecological trail "At the Sources of Burea" in the State Nature Reserve "Bureinsky". An important sphere of activity in the sustainable development of the state and the development of ecological tourism is the provision and preservation, restoration of the environment in the process of recreational use and minimization of possible negative consequences. The use of this technique allows you to regulate the level of negative anthropogenic impact on the natural environment and create optimal conditions for visiting the reserve in a short time without resorting to the involvement of outside specialists. The article offers a list of the most significant factors of anthropogenic impact, taking into account their weight in the impact on natural territories, based on which the number of visitors to the route under consideration was calculated. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the correction of the method of calculating the recreational capacity to prevent the degradation of the natural environment of hard-to-reach protected natural territories, which will allow the development of ecological tourism in hard-to-reach protected natural territories in the context of sustainable development. The authors consider possible prospects for the development of ecological tourism in the reserve and offer options for the distribution of the flow of tourists, which can contribute to the sustainable development of modern society, in which future generations will inherit from us the world around us with parts of the earth's surface without any changes. The purpose of this article is to calculate the maximum permissible recreational capacity of the trail "At the Sources of Burea" on the territory of the State Nature Reserve "Bureinsky".

Comparative characteristics of the population organization of <i>Myodes glareolus</i> Schreber and <i>Apodemus uralensis</i> Pallas on the territory of the State Nature Reserve «Kologrivsky Forest» named after M.G. Sinitsyn

The paper deals with a comparative analysis of the features of the population organization of the Myodes glareolus and the Apodemus uralensis on the territory of the State Nature Reserve Kologrivsky Forest named after M.G. Sinitsyn. This research is a part of a long-term monitoring of the state of populations of dominant species of small mammals on the site of the Kologrivsky Reserve. The paper presents factors of the dynamics of the density of rodent populations, considers trends in the number of individuals of the studied species, their sex and age structure, characteristics of interior and exterior features. The general tendencies and regularities of rodent adaptation to various external environmental factors are revealed. The authors have established a direct statistical dependence of the density of the studied populations on the average air temperature and an inverse dependence on the amount of precipitation. The dependence of exterior and interior features on the gender and age structure, population dynamics and weather conditions is traced. The role of autoregulation of integral population indicators as one of the mechanisms for maintaining its homeostatic state is considered. The revealed patterns allow us to make a forecast of the population dynamics of the Myodes glareolus and the Apodemus uralensis on the territory under consideration. It is possible to use the results of the study as a control example for comparison with other populations of cyclomorphic rodents in ecologically contrasting conditions of forest biocoenoses.

Диагностика состояния почвенного покрова государственного природного заказника «Цимлянский» и процессов эрозии песков

A study of the composition of the soil cover of the territory of the state nature reserve "Tsimlyansky" was conducted in order to track the state of the ecosystem by the main processes of soil formation and indicators of the state of vegetation cover: humus accumulation, the formation of a differentiated profile, projective coverage and the presence of loose sands. The field stage of the study was carried out with the laying of soil sections on sites reflecting the main forms of meso- and microrelief. Samples from each genetic horizon were selected in soil sections for laboratory study of granulometric composition, humus content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. According to remote sensing data, an assessment of the depth of groundwater occurrence was carried out, a digital relief model and a surface runoff model were built to track probable zones of water erosion of sands. According to the multispectral survey by SWIR-NIR-RED channel synthesis, the areas of loose and loosely anchored sands during the growing season were estimated, the danger of deflationary destruction of the sand massif was estimated. Based on the data obtained, maps of groundwater occurrence, surface runoff and loose sands are constructed. The results of the conducted studies allow us to conclude that the level of resistance to erosion processes is safe for the ecosystem, however, the safety margin of the measures carried out decades ago is approaching a dangerous level, which requires the planting of new protective forests and shrubs to restore the most effective sand retention system. Keywords: GIS, REMOTE SENSING, TSIMLYANSKY NATURE RESERVE, VEGETATION COVER, SOILS, SOIL COVER, SAND MASSIFS

Conceptual framework for the management of conservation sites

Introduction. The close links between conservation sites, ecosystem services, and public well-being point to the importance of preserving the integrity and ecological sustainability of ecosystems.The aim of the article is to design strategies for the development of natural protected areas that will enable a timely response to changes in socio-ecological-economic systems and rapid adaptation to global challenges.Research methods. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific and special methods: generalization, comparison, systematic approach, SWOT-analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process.Results. The modern state of natural protected areas in Ukraine is characterized. The management concepts of conservation sites as VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity), sustainable development and ecosystem approach are described. The mechanism of the natural protected areas development strategy is generalized. The Schorfheide-Chorin Biosphere Reserve (Germany) was chosen as the object of research. The main characteristics of the conservation site, features of functional zoning, main types of activity and the existing management system are given. The SWOT-analysis of the status and tendencies of the biosphere reserve’s development was carried out. The model of multi-criteria optimization for choosing the effective strategy was developed. A survey of different groups of stakeholders on the prospects of tourism and recreation development in the territory of the biosphere reserve was carried out. The results of the expert evaluation of the strategies priority are presented. The foreign experience of natural protected areas management in Ukraine is offered taking into account institutional and socio-economic conditions. Perspectives. The results of the study have established the relationship between the ecological and socio-economic systems, identified market and non-market benefits of ecosystem services, requirements for maximizing public well-being, features of adaptive management and strategic decisions making in management conservation sites.

Environmental aspects of the evaluation of the total pollution of soils with heavy metals in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea at cape peschany

This study is aimed to analyze the total contamination of the soil of the CAPE with heavy metals and metalloids in the area, the ferry complex and farms on the Sandy Cape. During the survey of the coastal zone of Cape Peschanyi, the route method with the laying of 7 trial plots (TP) with background TP-7 was used. Total content of the heavy metals (HM) was determined by a laboratory spectrophotometer of HACH DR-2400 (USA). Studies of the ecological state of the coastal zone of Cape Sandy, after the introduction of an international multimodal transport hub that provides access to Europe, are the first and allowed us to identify the degree of anthropogenic transformation. The availability of farms testifies to the suitability of the Cape's soils for cultivation and crops. The assessment of the ecological state of the soils of the ferry complex, "melon" farms, and the territory of the national reserve with a conservation status is relevant and timely. The results of the analysis of the content of heavy metals and metalloid allowed us to identify pollutants that affect melons. According to the results of calculations, on P-2, ST=16.5 the level of pollution is moderately dangerous, on the other PP, within the acceptable level. The range of a variation less than 1, only for hexavalent chrome Cr6+, is bound to the fact that chrome is easily mobilized in alkaline soils. Statistical processing of the results by Statistica 10 had shown that the Kruskal-Wallis criterion is statistically significant for the elements Cr, Cd, Cu and Co.

Consequences of the catastrophic wildfire in 2020 for the soil cover of the Utrish State Nature Reserve

<p>Present work aimed to assess the impact of pyrogenic effect on the flora, and quality and health of soils of the Utrish Reserve. Studies performed on the territory of reserve within a month after the fire revealed that the areas showed varying degrees of damaged characteristics due to catastrophic fire. The entire damage was recorded in a 40-hectare region, while the vegetation on another 26 hectares of the reserve was damaged to a lesser extent. In total, 4,800 trees were eliminated, 73% of them belonged to rare and endangered species, such as Junipers (<em>Juniperus </em>spp.), Mt. Atlas mastic trees (<em>Pistacia mutica</em>), and Pitsunda pines (<em>Pinus brutia var. pityusa</em>). In the areas of severe disturbance, the soil surface was covered with a constant layer of ash two weeks after the fire. As a result, there was an increase in the pH values, and the chemical composition of brown soil (Cambisol) was determined after the fire. There was also an increase in the organic carbon content and peroxidase activity. Catalase activity, which is sensitive to pyrogenic effects, decreased in all soil samples obtained at post-pyrogenic areas. The effect of fire on the biological state of soils may diminish over time, however, the restoration of the damaged ecosystems may take hundreds of years. The results of this study can be used in assessing the damage to ecosystems after the wildfires, as well as in developing methods to accelerate the restoration of soils after a fire impact.</p>

Specific aspects of land management in the specially protected areas of the Republic of Buryatiya by example of the natural biological reserve «Enkhaluksky» in Kabansk region

This article discusses the problems of land management on the territory of the state natural biological reserve of regional significance "Enkhaluksky" in Kabansk region of the Republic of Buryatia. The analysis of the state and use of the reserved lands was carried out in the course of the work. The authors considered the ways of solving the land management problems in specially protected natural areas. This paper is based on a systematic approach using cartographic, geoinformational, statistical and comparative analysis methods.

Анализ состояния растительного покрова на территории ООПТ с применением дистанционного зондирования

Protected areas of different types use as an instrument for reaching different goals. Physical verification and investigation of environmental resources are necessary. The “Tsymlyanskiy” state reserve territory is located on one of the unique Rostov and Volgograd sand massifs. The vegetation of the object is represented by intrazonal natural plant communities and artificial forestries. During the reserve’s vegetation inventory, methods were used: benchmarking technique, field study, and building the digital elevation model based on the data from SRTM3. Seven vegetation types were identified, and the main patterns of their dissemination were revealed. Keywords: THE “TSYMLYANSKIY” STATE RESERVE, REMOTE SENSING, VEGETATION, MAPPING, NDVI

Biogeochemical features of soil formation without parent rock in natural conditions and in an urban environment

The aim of the present study is to establish the biogeochemical characteristics of the primary soil formation, separately for natural conditions (protected areas) and urban environment (with incoming technogenic aerosols) for pedogenesis models when there is no parent rock (“upward soil growth”). This makes it possible to assess the contribution of the still poorly studied pedogenesis factors that can form the specific geochemical features of the material composition of soils non-inherited from the parent rock, and without the involvement of biogenic bottom-up migration of elements. We have studied two contrasting regions to perform a comparative analysis of pedogenesis conditions. We have compared embryonic soils on megalithic gabbro-diabase blocks in a 17th century defence wall located on the territory of a natural reserve, 1 km away from the Black Sea coast (ecologically clean area) and a 45-year solid bitumen cover between a thermal power plant and a busy railway (an industrial zone in the central part of the city). In the natural reserve, the average dust deposition rate was 0.82 um yr1 (0.082 mm/100 yr) due to stardust, atmospheric aerosols and biogenic processes of pedogenesis. The mineral part of soils, which had formed on the solid bitumen in 45 years in the city’s industrial zone, differs from the soil developed in 320-350 years without the involvement of the parent rock in the protected area by higher content of V (9 times) and Cr (2 times), as well as CaO, SiO2 and Pb. In the industrial zone of the city, emission dust mostly contributes to the accumulation of V, Cr and Cu in comparison with the pedogenesis conditions in the ecologically clean area, where the rate of solid-phase soil matter accumulation is twice lower due to background aerosols and biogenic factors.

A survey of rare species of agaricoid fungi (Basidiomycota) from South Siberia, Russia

In a survey of the agaricoid fungi from the territory of Sayano-Shushensky Biosphere Reserve, Western Sayan Mountains, South Siberia, fifteen species representing thirteen genera are revealed for the first time; among them: one (Mythicomyces corneipes) is new to Asian mycobiota, one (Pluteus rugosidiscus) is new to Russia while all fifteen are new records from the studied region. Descriptions and photos of all species are given with a brief discussion on their taxonomy and distribution. For some studied collections, new nrITS sequences were generated and their GenBank accession numbers are provided.

Размер и содержание органических частиц в копролитах Aporrectodea caliginosa и Lumbricus rubellus

Размер и содержание органических частиц в копролитах Aporrectodea caliginosa и Lumbricus rubellus

UAV survey of sand knolls in the Tsasucheysky Bor Nature Reserve

The paper examines development of sand knolls under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors in Southern Zabaykalye within the territory of Tsasucheysky Bor nature reserve. The sand knolls were studied on-site with instruments and aerial surveying. Grain size distribution of the soil cover was studied. The floristic composition of the sand knolls represented by motley grass-grasses and herbs-grasses steppe communities with varying degrees of projective cover was investigated. The analysis of the field survey data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) made it possible to obtain the main morphometric parameters of the sand knolls, and overlaying aerial photographs on historic satellite images allowed to trace how they changed in time. The studies showed that the movement of the studied sand knolls with time as Aeolian formations under the influence of wind erosion is unlikely, as the sand knolls are currently mostly covered by steppe vegetation, and only about 20% of the areas are bare. The analysis of satellite images and aerial photographs showed that over the last twenty years the sand knolls had not moved or changed their size.

О КРИТЕРИЯХ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЯ РЕДКИХ ВИДОВ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ И АНАЛИЗЕ ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СПИСКОВ ПРИ СОЗОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ

The results of the analysis of data on rarely observed algal species on the territory of the Middle Volga Integrated Biosphere Reserve, based on the results of long-term observations are presented. In terms of frequency of occurrence, the number of singly recorded in general includes 286 species and intraspecific taxa, which is about a third of the total number of species of algal flora of the studied reservoirs and watercourses. Analysis of this list, taking into account data on the ecology of species and their distribution in water bodies of adjacent territories, made it possible to identify 133 taxa that need to be studied for their conservation status. The composition of species with a low frequency of occurrence is critically examined. New habitats of species included in the “Red Book of the Samara Region” have been identified. It is shown that the discovery of habitats of rare taxa and the presence of a large number of singly noted species require the collection and careful analysis of information on their occurrence based on the study of all hydrological and hydrochemical types of water bodies in the territory where sozological studies are carried out.

Flora of meadow communities of the Uryumkan Nature Reserve (Transbaikalia)

The floristic composition of meadow communities of the valley of the Uryumkan River at the territory of the Uryumkansky nature reserve in Zabaykalsky krai was studied. The flora of meadows is characterized by significant participation of species of the genus Sanguisorba and other medicinal plants used in medicine. The meadows are very attractive and can be used as an educational object for tourist excursions.

NATURAL RESERVE FUND AND ECOLOGICAL NETWORK OF THE CITY OF KHMELNYTSKYI AND THEIR ROLE IN PRESERVING BIOTIC AND LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY

History, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the natural reserve fund of the city of Khmelnytskyi have been studied. As of January 1, 2022, the natural reserve fund of the city of Khmelnytskyi includes 22 natural reserves territories with a total area of 191,7558 hectares, which is 2,06 % of the city’s area. Among the categories of the natural reserve fund in the city of Khmelnytskyi there are 16 botanical monuments of nature, 3 parks-monuments of horticultural art: «Mykhailo Chekman Park», «T.H. Shevchenko Square», «Zarichchia»; dendrological parks «Podillia» and «Yunnativskyi» and the Botanical Garden of the Khmelnytskyi National University. According to the status of natural reserved territories and objects of the city of Khmelnytskyi, they belong only to local importance. Among all natural reserve territories of the city of Khmelnytskyi, the largest area is occupied by parks-monuments of horticultural art: «Mykhailo Chekman Park», «Zarichchia», «T.H. Shevchenko Square». Of them, the area of «Mykhailo Chekman Park» is 75,5 % of the total area of the city’s natural reserve fund. The park is not only the largest natural reserve territory of the city of Khmelnytskyi, but also the largest park-monument of horticultural art in the Khmelnytskyi region. The city’s parks play a major role in preserving its biodiversity, primarily cultivated dendroflora and avifauna. The botanical garden of the Khmelnytskyi National University, the dendrological parks «Podillia» and «Yunnativskyi» are centers of botanical collections of cultivated flora. In terms of number (16 units), the natural reserve fund of the city of Khmelnytskyi is dominated by botanical monuments of nature. Among them there are 7 parks, 4 biogroups of trees and 5 individual over-aged trees. The territories and the objects of the natural reserve fund of the city of Khmelnytskyi have important scientific (dendrological, introductory, ornithological), nature conservation, historical-cultural, aesthetic, sanitary-hygienic, recreational, educational, ecological-educational, cognitive significance and value inheritance. «Mykhailo Chekman Park», dendrological park «Podillia», the botanical garden of the Khmelnytskyi National University are key territories of the ecological network of the city of Khmelnytskyi. The role of the regional eco-network of the city of Khmelnytskyi is decisive for the preservation of biotic and landscape diversity. The ecological network is an effective lever for maintaining the balance of the use of natural resource potential and ensuring the preservation of the biota of the Khmelnytskyi urban ecosystem, and therefore the guarantee of the balanced ecological and socio-economic development of the city.