Reserve Management Research Articles

Detection of soil salinity distribution and its change in the Yellow River Delta comparing 2006 and 2022

AbstractThe Yellow River Delta (YRD) has the world's highest land formation rate. However, soil salinization has caused severe land degradation in the region. Understanding the distribution of soil salinity and its variation is essential for saline soil management. This study combined soil salinity sampling data, remote sensing imagery, and layers of geographic environmental factors. Three different models, including Ordinary Kriging (OK), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), and Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME), were used and compared to predict the soil salinity of two soil layers in 2006 and 2022. Then the spatial distribution characteristics and development trends of soil salinity in the YRD were analyzed. The results indicated that (1) The BME model is an optimal salinity prediction model that integrates soft data from multiple sources to perform nonlinear estimates. Compared to the OK and GWR models, the RMSE was reduced by up to 25% and 13%, respectively, and the greatest improvement in R2 was increased from 0.0534 and 0.2718 to 0.5569, respectively. (2) Soil salinity in the YRD shows a spatially increasing trend from the southwestern inland to the northeastern coast. Over the past 16 years, the salinization pattern has become more complex: soil salinization has been mitigated in the central and southern regions, with the average salinity decreasing from 1.03% to 0.86% and the salinization rate decreasing from 99% to 88%; and it has significantly intensified in the northern part of the study area near the old Yellow River channel and the Gubei Reservoir, and in some scattered inland areas. Continuous water and sediment regulation in the Yellow River basin and ecological management of natural reserves can generally alleviate soil salinization, but the risk of soil salinization can be increased by seawater erosion, inappropriate land use, and resource exploitation.

Streamlining Customer Communication through AI-powered Chatbots in Travel Agencies

Abstract: The Travels Management System (TMS) is a comprehensive solution designed to optimize travel operations for both travelers and administrators. It offers an intuitive interface accessible via web and mobile platforms, allowing for easy booking and reservation management. TMS simplifies expense tracking by consolidating all travel-related expenses in one place, enabling administrators to generate detailed reports to analyze travel expenditure and identify cost-saving opportunities. It also helps enforce travel policies by providing alerts and notifications when bookings fall outside established guidelines, ensuring adherence to company policies and budgetary constraints. TMS offers seamless integration with third-party systems, enabling automated data exchange and enhanced functionality. It also includes features for monitoring travel risks, such as weather alerts, political unrest, or health advisories, allowing administrators to proactively address potential risks and ensure traveler safety. TMS can be customized to meet the unique needs of different organizations, with scalable options to accommodate growing businesses and evolving travel requirements. Overall, TMS provides a comprehensive solution for optimizing travel operations, enhancing efficiency, and ensuring compliance with organizational policies, allowing businesses and individuals to focus on their core objectives while enjoying hassle-free travel experiences. IndexTerms– HTML, CSS, Javascript, MySQL, PHP.

INNOVATIONS IN SCHOOL ROOM RESERVATION MANAGEMENT: TOWARDS SMART AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS

Abstract The efficient management of school room reservations is crucial for maximizing resource utilization and ensuring smooth operations within educational institutions. Traditional room reservation systems often suffer from inefficiencies, leading to underutilization of spaces, scheduling conflicts, and increased administrative burden. This research paper explores the development and implementation of smart and sustainable solutions for school room reservation management. The suggested approach makes use of contemporary technologies to expedite the classroom reservation process, giving teachers, administrators, and students effective means of scheduling and overseeing room reservations. The technology has significantly improved classroom utilization rates and overall operational efficiency in our institution, according to preliminary tests. The school room reservation system provides a scalable solution for improving the management of educational facilities by lowering scheduling conflicts, minimizing downtime between courses, and enabling better resource allocation. Future improvements could incorporate support for mobile platforms, integrate with current school management systems, and introduce new capabilities in response to user feedback and changing needs. In general, the establishment of this school room reservation system is a step toward the modernization of facilities management procedures in academic establishments, which will ultimately lead to the creation of a more efficient and cooperative learning environment. Index Term : Frontend development HTML, CSS, React, Backend NodeJS, Express, MongoDB

About holding the III International Internet conference «Current issues of Formal and Non-Formal Education in Environmental Monitoring and Conservation»

On April 26, 2024, the the Karazin Institute of Environmental Sciences hosted the III International Internet Conference "Current issues of Formal and Non-Formal Education in Environmental Monitoring and Conservation", organized by the Department of Environmental Monitoring and Conservation. The conference featured presentations on the following topics: The impact of military operations on the environment and ways of post-war revitalization of natural complexes; Problems and prospects of reserve management in Ukraine and the world; Environmental monitoring: science, education, practice; Formal and non-formal education in reserve management; The Chornobyl disaster: consequences of the tragedy and warnings for the future. Three reports-presentations of the certificate educational programs of the Institute of Ecology of Karazin University (speakers O. Gololobova, A. Kleshch and S. Burchenko) deserve special attention.

Response of an invasive aquatic crustacean to the fish toxicant rotenone

Lepak JM, Pate WM, Cadmus P, Hansen AG, Gallaher KD, Silver DB. 2024. Response of an invasive aquatic crustacean to the fish toxicant rotenone. Lake Reserv Manage. 40:317–324 Fisheries managers have used the piscicide rotenone for invasive fish control and other management objectives for decades, yet the effects of rotenone on some aquatic species are not well understood. We tested the effects of rotenone on an invasive crustacean Mysis diluviana that can have deleterious effects on aquatic food webs (e.g., zooplankton communities) and ultimately some native and sport fishes. The median 50% lethal concentration (LC50) was assessed for M. diluviana at 24, 48, 96, and 192 h using active rotenone concentrations from 0 to 4111 ppb. At 24 and 48 h, LC50s were not reached, and at 96 and 192 h, LC50s were estimated at 4853 (95% CI = 1280–8426) and 668 (385–952) ppb, respectively, above (∼25-fold and 3-fold) recommended rotenone application concentrations to control fishes. Our results suggest that rotenone concentrations and exposure times used for controlling invasive fishes are likely to have limited to no effect on invasive M. diluviana populations. Thus, if M. diluviana control is a management objective, rotenone applications targeting invasive fishes are unlikely to contribute to this objective, and other methods should be considered that take advantage of potential vulnerabilities of M. diluviana, like temperature and light sensitivity.

Who let the dog out? Dog owner attitudes and economics regulate the potential negative impact of domestic dogs on wildlife in a reserve network

AbstractMany domestic animals have a profound impact on endangered species through complex interactions and spillover effects in and between coupled human and natural systems. A thorough understanding of the driving forces of human decisions regarding how domestic animals are kept is therefore critical to promote the synergy of human livelihood and biodiversity conservation. Working in the Qinling Mountains of China, we conducted a multidisciplinary study using a structural equation model (SEM) to link households' demographic and economic conditions, peoples attitudes and activities with their decisions, and further investigated how such process influences the potential negative impact of free‐ranging dogs on wildlife. Among 139 blood and saliva samples collected from dogs that were owned by local villagers but allowed to roam freely, 33.3% were positive for at least one of three viral infections, including canine distemper (28.2%), canine parvovirus (25.6%), and rabies virus prevalence (10.3%). SEM modeling revealed that human activity (β = 0.27, p = .012) has significantly increased dogs' potential negative impacts on wildlife by increasing the number of dogs and their direct contact with wildlife, as well as their larger movement range. Conversely, improvement in demographic and economic conditions (β = −0.22, p = .011) and human attitudes (β = −0.51, p = .013) suppresses the influence of free roaming dogs on wildlife. Meanwhile, livelihoods dependent on natural resources increased the likelihood of owners having dog practice that may negatively impact wildlife (β = 0.54, p < .001), without improving the economic conditions of the residents (β = −0.26, p < .001). Based on the above results, we recommend a program that combines educational and conservation efforts to encourages local residents in more responsible dog ownership and recommend reserve managers provide financial incentives to mitigate human‐wildlife conflicts.

Impact of Monetary Policy on Exchange Rate Stability in Nigeria

This study investigates the impact of interest rates, money supply, and Central Bank reserves on exchange rate stability in Nigeria. Utilizing quarterly economic data from 1980 to 2023, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin, the research employs a longitudinal survey design to assess the relationships between these monetary variables and exchange rate volatility. The findings indicate that interest rates, money supply, and Central Bank reserves significantly influence exchange rate fluctuations, with Central Bank reserves having the most substantial impact. Specifically, interest rates exhibit a moderate effect on exchange rate volatility (t = 3.513, p = .001, Beta = .342), while money supply also significantly affects exchange rate volatility (t = 2.713, p = .010, Beta = .305). Central Bank reserves, however, have the most pronounced impact (t = 4.141, p = .000, Beta = .467). These results highlight the critical role of monetary policy in maintaining exchange rate stability. The significant positive relationship between interest rates and exchange rate volatility suggests that monetary authorities should carefully consider the ramifications of interest rate adjustments. Similarly, the influence of money supply underscores the need for meticulous management to prevent destabilization. Robust Central Bank reserves emerge as a crucial buffer against exchange rate fluctuations, emphasizing the importance of effective reserve management policies. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers aiming to enhance exchange rate stability through strategic interest rate policies, careful money supply management, and maintaining adequate Central Bank reserves.

Research on Wildlife Protection and Nature Reserve Management

As an important part of modern environmental protection, wildlife protection and reserve management are of great significance to maintain the ecological balance and biodiversity of the earth. In today 's increasingly serious global environmental problems, especially climate change, habitat destruction, and species extinction, wildlife and its habitat protection have become a hot issue of concern to the international community. Governments, non-governmental organizations and the community to actively participate in, and actively promote the protection of the ecological environment for future generations to create a good ecological environment.

Variation in soil bacterial community characteristics inside and outside the West Ordos National Nature Reserve, northern China.

Nature reserves are crucial for protecting biological habitats and maintaining biodiversity. Soil bacterial community plays an irreplaceable role in the structure and function of ecosystem. However, the impact of nature reserves on soil bacterial communities is still unclear. To explore the effects of desert grassland nature reserve management on soil microbial communities, we compared the differences in soil bacterial community composition, α-diversity and community structure inside and outside a desert grassland nature reserve, and explored the correlation between soil bacterial communities and plant biomass and soil chemical index. We found that (1) the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota is highest in the soil both inside and outside the nature reserve in shrub grassland; (2) the Chao1 index of soil bacterial communities in the core protected zone and general control zone of the reserve was significantly higher than that outside the reserve (p < 0.05) in the shrub grassland. Similarly, in the herbaceous grassland, the Shannon index of soil bacterial communities was significantly higher in the core protected zone of the reserve than that outside the reserve (p < 0.05). (3) While we found no significant difference in soil bacterial community structure between inside and outside the reserve in the shrub grassland, we found that the soil bacterial community structure in the core protected zone was significantly different from that outside the reserve in the herbaceous grassland (p < 0.05); (4) we also found that higher plant productivity and soil nutrients promoted most soil dominant bacterial phyla, while higher soil pH and salinity inhibited most soil dominant bacterial phyla. Our findings thus help better understand the influencing factors of and the mechanisms behind variation in soil bacterial communities inside and outside desert grassland nature reserves.

Willingness to Pay for Watershed Services by Downstream Water Users in Babati District, Tanzania

Payment for Ecosystem Services promotes watershed management through Payment for Watershed Services. It encourages improved land management practices in upstream areas to enhance the quantity and quality of water downstream. The Nou Forest Reserve in Babati district covers Lake Manyara's headwaters. Its rivers are the primary water source for the area's inhabitants. However, there have been reports of declining water quality and quantity, presenting an opportunity to introduce payment for watershed services for Nou Forest Reserve conservation and management. The present study was conducted to assess the level of awareness among downstream water users about the importance of watersheds in providing sustainable water supply. Using the Contingent Valuation Method, the study estimated the communities’ willingness to pay for improved watershed services, analysed factors influencing capacity to pay, and examined possible operational modes for implementing payment mechanisms. A total of 155 domestic water users and 50 non-domestic water users were interviewed. It was found that 71% of domestic water users and 82% of non-domestic water users were willing to pay for improved watershed services, with a mean willingness to pay estimated at TAS 1261 per user/year for domestic water users and TAS 112322 per user/year for non-domestic water users. Factors such as gender, occupation, education, and farm size significantly (P&lt;0.05) influenced water users' willingness to pay. Income was a significant factor in the willingness to pay for non-domestic water users, but it was not significant for domestic water users. The current study suggests that downstream water users in Babati district, who act as watershed service buyers, could collect a water user fee based on estimated amounts. This approach would help address declining water quality and quantity through improved watershed management and thus enhance watershed conservation and management.

Watershed grassland fires drive nutrient increases in replicated experimental ponds

Kelly, AG, Harris, TD. 2024. Watershed grassland fires drive nutrient increases in replicated experimental ponds. Lake Reserv Manage. 40:303–316. Forest and grassland fires have been increasing in frequency due to anthropogenic climate change and fire suppression-focused land management practices. Fire has frequently been observed in lake watersheds, yet links between fire ecology and limnology are not well understood, especially in grassland ecosystems. We conducted a 21-d replicated whole pond experiment to determine the effects of burning on lakes within grassland ecosystems. We examined physicochemical parameters and the phytoplankton concentration and community composition in control and treatment (burned) ponds. Total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and nitrate increased significantly following burning. The total nitrogen:total phosphorus and total dissolved nitrogen:total dissolved phosphorus ratios decreased significantly following burning. Increased nutrient inputs from burned material led to greater mean phytoplankton concentrations in the treatment ponds compared to the control ponds; however, no statistically significant changes were observed in phytoplankton concentration nor the community composition. Increases in nutrient concentrations in the treatment ponds were observed within the first half of the study and were short-lived, whereas increases in phytoplankton concentrations were not observed until experiment day 21. Our results indicate that increased prevalence of fire may worsen eutrophication issues in grassland water bodies, but more research is needed to understand the persistence of these impacts in pond ecosystems.

TRANSFORMING THE WAY TRAVELERS EXPLORE: A PHP-DRIVEN TOURS AND TRAVELS PLATFORM

Abstract: The Ambai Tours and Travels web application is a revolutionary travel planning tool that offers a user-centric platform for creating, booking, and managing itineraries. Its user-centric design allows travelers to create personalized itineraries based on their interests and preferences. The platform streamlines the entire travel planning process, from destination exploration to accommodation booking and activity reservations. It uses advanced technologies like machine learning and data analytics to provide personalized recommendations, ensuring authenticity and fulfillment. The intuitive interface and user experience foster engagement and loyalty among its diverse user base. The application’s role in the travel ecosystem is significant, driving digital transformation, enhancing industry competitiveness, and reshaping consumer expectations. In conclusion, the Ambai Tours and Travels web application represents the convergence of technology and travel, paving the way for a new era of convenience, customization, and discovery for travelers worldwide. The main purpose of Tour and travels management system is to provide a best facility and travelling services for a owner to book hotels, flight and bus ticket for trip purpose. We have developed tour and travels management system to provide a search platform find their tour places according to choices. Project is based on a web application that helps to store and manage information and procedures that travels have to deal with every day and keep track of the Customer. The pages are made by HTML, CSS, Javascript, Bootstrap, the database is handled by MySQL, the application logic is controlled by PHP. Tourism is important in many ways- it can be for leisure, business, education, culture and for fun. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. The Tour and Travel Management System (TTMS) is a crucial tool in the travel and tourism industry, enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and customer satisfaction. It streamlines and automates key processes in travel planning, booking, and management, including itinerary planning, reservation management, customer relationship management, and financial transactions. IndexTerms – HTML, CSS, Javascript. Bootsrap, MySQL, PHP.

Engagement of forest-dependent communities in the sustainable management of Akure forest reserve

Sustainable forest management is linked to stakeholder involvement, openness, accountability of decision-makers, adherence to the rule of law, predictability, efficient and effective management of natural resources. It is essential in accomplishing the goal of good governance. This study was conducted to evaluate the involvement of the forest-dependent people in the management of the Akure forest Reserve in Ondo state, Nigeria. Two-hundred structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents in four specifically chosen communities out of the twelve communities bordering the Reserve. A total of fifty structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents in each of the four chosen localities. Data were examined using descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis. The results revealed that the majority of the community's population consists of males (72.5%) and individuals aged 43 and above (38.5%), followed by individuals aged 31-36, accounting for 28.0% of the population. The majority of the residents (40.5%) visit the reserve on a daily basis, while thirty percent (30%) visit weekly to collect firewood and for agricultural production. The level of participation of community dwellers in Forest Management and Conservation is significantly influenced by their age (χ²= 9.456, df = 6, p = 0.024), marital status (χ² = 11.873, df = 2, p = 0.003), and occupation (χ²= 44.237, df = 4, p = 0.000). The primary endeavours undertaken by the inhabitants of the reserve are agricultural in nature. Age, household size, marital status and monthly income were the primary factors influencing their decision not to participate in forest governance in the Reserve

SISTEM INFORMASI RESERVASI KAMAR HOTEL BINTANG TIMUR BERBASIS WEB

The Hotel Room Reservation management system is able to provide convenience in the daily reservation service process, which is capable of displaying and processing the information required from a hotel's activities, including the number and position of visitors, income, available booking rooms, booking list, etc. The design of this system is expected to make it easier for East Jambi hotels to process data related to hotel room reservation management. The aim of this Thesis for the Room Reservation Information System at the Bintang Timur Hotel Jambi is to facilitate the processing of hotel room reservation data at the Bintang Timur Hotel Jambi. The main elements in forming a system consist of input, process, and output. The input required for this system is input of employee data, guest data, service data, room data and room reservation data. With a process that includes employee data processing, guest data processing, service data processing, room data processing and room reservation data processing, which will produce an output report on hotel room reservation transactions. The software development uses Visual Studio Code as a text editor, a web-based interface is built using the HTML, PHP, CSS programming languages to facilitate the application development process with the PhpMyAdmin database. From this research, a design for the Bintang Timur Jambi Hotel Room Reservation Information System was produced which can simplify the processing of hotel room reservation data and the preparation of reports.

International Reserve Management and Firm Investment in Emerging Market Economies

International Reserve Management and Firm Investment in Emerging Market Economies

From Sun to Sustainability: Project Management Strategies for Solar Energy in Baluchistan’s Agriculture

This study explores the incorporation of solar energy and project management in sustainable agriculture in Baluchistan, Pakistan. A 10-acre farm with a solar-powered water reservoir supports up to 10 irrigation sets, illustrating a tactical synthesis of reserve management and environmental stewardship. The economic scrutiny confirmations that the agronomy of onions, potatoes, and spinach on this farm might harvest a profit oscillating from 1.537 to 1.62 million Rupees, with a breakeven point valued at 1.76 years. This model serves as a beacon for profitable, eco-friendly agronomic practices, leveraging solar power to overwhelmed water insufficiency challenges. Despite the global dependence on fossil fuels, solar energy's interest has been regular, expressly in agriculture. The findings reveal a stark variance in the practicality of solar energy across diverse sectors due to Pakistan's inconsistent national grid. The research underlines the critical need for particular project management to harness the full latent of solar power and set a usual for future activities in lucrative and ecologically cognizant agronomy.

Theme Exploration and Sentiment Analysis of Online Reviews of Wuyishan National Park

The study aimed to explore the relationship and interaction between humans and nature in specific areas. Latent Dirichlet allocation topic recognition and SnowNLP sentiment analysis were used to extract the topics and analyze the sentiments from visitors’ online reviews of Wuyishan National Park. The conclusions were as follows: (1) The tourists mainly expressed positive emotions toward Wuyishan National Park, and the tourists acknowledged its ecological environment and natural and cultural heritage value. (2) The tourists’ comments focused on four themes: tourism activities and facilities, natural and cultural heritage value, characteristic tourism products, and tourism management and services. Natural experience was the main tourism activity in Wuyishan National Park, while cultural activities were related to the tea culture. (3) The tourist facilities, ticket and reservation mechanism, and management and services of Wuyishan National Park were the main concerns of the tourists. The study suggested that Wuyishan National Park could be transformed from a tourist destination into a comprehensive national park that provides recreational experiences and environmental education. This should be conducted by (1) developing detailed natural and cultural education and experience products and (2) improving public service functions and enhancing the public welfare of the national park.

Testing effectiveness in nature reserve management using GIS-based tools: a 25 years monitoring of land use change in a Mediterranean coastal wetland

Land-cover change dynamics were investigated in a Mediterranean coastal wetland to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of nature reserve management. A multitemporal analysis of land cover maps was conducted, utilizing visual interpretation of aerial orthophotos from the summer seasons of 1996, 2008, 2015, and 2021. Landscape changes were evaluated by transition matrices and chord diagrams. Maps were classified in accordance with CORINE land cover types at a fourth level of detail. The multitemporal analyses provided a comprehensive overview of landscape changes within the reserve over the past 25 years. The most notable changes were the increase of wetland areas and the reduction of agricultural and artificial areas. Moreover, seminatural vegetation constantly extended over time. These changes reflected the continuous management activities within the nature reserve, encompassing agreements for water supply, restoration projects, and measures to counteract illegality. These operational actions induced fine-grained ecological changes (outcomes at ecosystem level). This study highlighted the importance of remote sensing and landscape analysis, matched with fine-grained management data, as tool for long-term monitoring. Such an approach provides valuable support in evaluating the effectiveness of strategies promoted in nature reserves hosting wet coastal ecosystems of high conservation concern.

Essence and modern trends in the formation and management of international reserves

World financial markets development indicates an increase in the role of intentional reserves for international capital markets. The study aims to address, evaluate and analyse the international reserves, as well as their impact on the national economy. During the research data of graphical and statistical analysis, as well as the selection of information for analysis, generalization and methods of regulation of international reserves were used. The study analysed and systematised the goals and objectives, principles, risks, structure, functions of international reserves, factors that affect the international reserves, policy directions for the management of foreign exchange reserves, stages of the management process, as well as factors that depend on the number of intentional reserves. The dynamics of changes in Ukraine's intentional reserves; dependence of the change in the level of the foreign exchange reserves of Ukraine on the change in inflation via the analysis of macroeconomic data using the elasticity coefficient were analysed, and costs and sources of replenishment of the intentional reserves were analysed to determine the optimal size of foreign exchange reserves for the period from 2010 to 2023. One of the criteria for the adequacy of the international reserves was systematized, namely the coverage of at least three months of future imports of goods and services. The importance of the role of the international reserves in the economy of Ukraine is substantiated. The study identified the most important problems, as well as methods and ways of more effective management of intentional reserves are suggested. The practical value of the conducted research is that it allows for an increase in the efficiency of the management of international reserves in the context of ensuring financial security

Managing parking reservations to mitigate congestion in office-oriented garages

ABSTRACT To alleviate the congestion caused by long parking lines in office-oriented garages, we explore the parking reservation management strategy and focus on the optimization of arrival patterns. A k-means algorithm based on dynamic time warping (DTW) is initially applied to extract the representative arrival patterns of parking vehicles. Based on these patterns, a bi-objective arrival optimization model is then developed to decrease traffic delay time and reduce individual discomfort due to arrival time shifts. The Pareto solution set is obtained, suggesting a potentially optimal balance between traffic delay and individual discomfort. The further analysis indicates that, strategically redistributing a small percentage of vehicle arrivals can mitigate congestion under certain conditions. For small-, medium-, and large-sized garages, shifting 9.01%, 6.90% and 11.07%, respectively, of the arrival demand to either of the adjacent time windows can reduce traffic delay time by 32.74%, 49.01% and 63.27%, respectively.