Reserve Area Research Articles

Climate Change Impact Vulnerability Assessment: The Case of Coastal Communities in Central Zambales, Philippines

The Philippines is one of the countries most affected by climate change. As an archipelago country, coastal areas are at high risk of sea level rise due to climate change. This study investigated the vulnerability of coastal areas to sea level rise in selected municipalities in Zambales province, Philippines. The results showed that the coastal barangay of Iba City has a “moderate” to “high” level of vulnerability, while Botolan City has a “high” to “very high” level of vulnerability. Limited areas of nature reserves, such as mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef ecosystems, are one of the key factors contributing to high vulnerability. Concerted efforts of the local government units and the residents play a vital role to mitigate impacts of climate change including regular mangrove tree planting, coastal clean-up drive, and strict implementation of environmental policies. While there are many tools used in vulnerability assessment, a simpler yet reliable is recommended as an appropriate for barangay levels. With the identified vulnerability of the communities in sea level rise, possible mitigation measures to cope with the fast-changing climate could now be established.

A comparison of adult population fluctuation of Anastrepha pest species between agricultural environments and protected natural areas in northeastern Mexico

AbstractFruit fly pestiferous species within the genus Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) affect fruit growing in northeastern Mexico, particularly citrus and mango production. Little is known about the population fluctuation of these pests in protected natural areas adjacent to agricultural environments. This study aimed to compare and analyse the temporal profiles of adult populations of Anastrepha pest species inhabiting agricultural zones and a protected natural area. Six years of adult capture data of Anastrepha ludens (Loew), A. obliqua (Macquart), A. striata Schiner and A. serpentina (Wiedemann) were compared and analysed between commercial orchards and fruit tree areas located in the buffer zone of the biosphere reserve “El Cielo”. The analyses were carried out for each of two triennial periods (2008–2010 and 2019–2021). Temporal patterns of the pest populations were characterized, and generalized linear mixed models were used for data analysis. All locations registered the four species, although Anastrepha ludens and A. obliqua represented the highest number of adult captures. Populations of pest species of Anastrepha showed similar fluctuation patterns throughout the year regardless of the location. However, significant differences in the population size were noted between the “El Cielo” reserve and commercial areas. The “El Cielo” reserve and its surroundings captured the highest population levels of the four species. Persistent populations of A. striata and A. serpentina were related to the area under ecological protection. The “El Cielo” reserve is a shelter for the pest species of Anastrepha, which are mainly linked to backyard hosts. We discuss the importance of these findings in the context of an Area‐Wide Integrated Pest Management approach and of studying fruit flies' quarantine pests in Mexico's neotropical limits. Practical implications in designing specific phytosanitary measures to suppress or control pest populations are addressed.

Using vulnerability assessment to characterize coastal protection benefits provided by estuarine habitats of a dynamic intracoastal waterway.

The existence of coastal ecosystems depends on their ability to gain sediment and keep pace with sea level rise. Similar to other coastal areas, Northeast Florida (United States) is experiencing rapid population growth, climate change, and shifting wetland communities. Rising seas and more severe storms, coupled with the intensification of human activities, can modify the biophysical environment, thereby increasing coastal exposure to storm-induced erosion and inundation. Using the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve as a case study, we analyzed the distribution of coastal protection services-expressly, wave attenuation and sediment control-provided by estuarine habitats inside a dynamic Intracoastal waterway. We explored six coastal variables that contribute to coastal flooding and erosion-(a) relief, (b) geomorphology, (c) estuarine habitats, (d) wind exposure, (e) boat wake energy, and (f) storm surge potential-to assess physical exposure to coastal hazards. The highest levels of coastal exposure were found in the north and south sections of the Reserve (9% and 14%, respectively) compared to only 4% in the central, with exposure in the south driven by low wetland elevation, high surge potential, and shorelines composed of less stable sandy and muddy substrate. The most vulnerable areas of the central Reserve and main channel of the Intracoastal waterway were exposed to boat wakes from larger vessels frequently traveling at medium speeds (10-20 knots) and had shoreline segments oriented towards the prevailing winds (north-northeast). To guide management for the recently expanded Reserve into vulnerable areas near the City of Saint Augustine, we evaluated six sites of concern where the current distribution of estuarine habitats (mangroves, salt marshes, and oyster beds) likely play the greatest role in natural protection. Spatially explicit outputs also identified potential elevation maintenance strategies such as living shorelines, landform modification, and mangrove establishment for providing coastal risk-reduction and other ecosystem-service co-benefits. Salt marshes and mangroves in two sites of the central section (N-312 and S-312) were found to protect more than a one-quarter of their cross-shore length (27% and 73%, respectively) from transitioning to the highest exposure category. Proposed interventions for mangrove establishment and living shorelines could help maintain elevation in these sites of concern. This work sets the stage for additional research, education, and outreach about where mangroves, salt marshes, and oyster beds are most likely to reduce risk to wetland communities in the region.

Synergistic effects of anthropogenic disturbances on giant pandas

AbstractLivestock grazing and the collection of bamboo shoots are the main threats to giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat in the Liangshan Mountains in China. It is important to clarify the effect of these disturbances to the giant panda to formulate targeted management policies. Based on species distribution models and daily activity models, we investigated the effects of livestock grazing and bamboo shoot collection on giant pandas from May 2021 to July 2022. Our results indicated the giant panda's suitable habitat in the reserve covered 51.83 km2 (15.02% of the reserve area). Grazing and bamboo shoot collection led to losses of 19.08 km2 and 7.68 km2 of suitable habitat, respectively. Together, the 2 activities resulted in a loss of 28.35 km2 of suitable habitat, which was more than half of the area of panda habitat. The areas of suitable habitat for giant pandas significantly overlapped with the areas affected by both disturbances. Giant pandas did not show significant differences in daily activity rhythms under a single disturbance, but the daily activity rhythms of giant pandas differed when we compared the area combining the 2 disturbances with the undisturbed area. Our study reveals that the anthropogenic disturbances in the reserve have varying effects on the suitable habitat range and daily activity rhythm of giant pandas and evidence of a synergistic effect. Therefore, when formulating relevant conservation policies, it is important to fully evaluate the extent and characteristics of anthropogenic disturbances in shaping the population distribution and habitat preferences of the giant panda and other wildlife to enhance the efficacy of conservation management practices.

Tree Vegetation Diversity In The Natural Reserve Of Jagat Mountain Sumedang

Mount Jagat is a 133.64-hectare nature reserve area that is directly adjacent to the village and community agricultural land. The designation and management of nature reserves aim to conserve biodiversity, prevent species extinction, protect the forest as a life-support system, and sustainably utilize biodiversity. The threats posed by anthropogenic activities in the Mount Jagat area indicate the need for an inventory and analysis of species diversity, especially tree vegetation, as a first step for conservation. Data collection was carried out using nested quadrats which were placed systematically based on the Land Mapping Unit (LMU). The quadrats were 20 m x 20 m for trees, 10 m x 10 m for poles, 5 m x 5 m for saplings, and 2 m x 2 m for seedlings. The data were then analyzed using Family Importance Value (FIV), Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon's Diversity Index (H'), and global conservation status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). There are 78 species from 32 families found in the study area. The results showed that the highest FIV for trees was the Moraceae family, 15.43%. The highest FIV for polishes and saplings were in the family Euphorbiaceae with 20.65% and 23.60% respectively. The highest FIV at the seedlings level was the Lauraceae family at 28.47%. Two species were found that had IVI above 10% in almost every growth stage, namely Machilus rimosa (Blume) Blume. and Orophea hexandra Blume. Machilus rimosa (Blume) Blume. found at the tree, pole, sapling, and seedling levels. Orophea hexandra Blume. found at the pole, sapling, and seedling levels. The H' values for the stages of tree growth, polishing, sapling, and seedling were 1.71, 1.63, 1.47, and 1.39, respectively, included in the moderate diversity category. Globally, there are 2 species categorized as vulnerable (VU) and 1 species near threatened (NT) based on IUCN data.

A New Hybrid Record for The Vascular Flora of Türkiye: Fagus x taurica Popl.

The presence of Fagus x taurica Popl., a hybrid of two Fagus L. taxa known to be naturally distributed in Türkiye, has been detected in the natural deciduous-mixed forests of Bolu. Specimens were collected from Kökez Old Growth Fir Forest Nature Reserve Area, Bolu Kale Fındığı Nature Reserve Area, and Yedigöller National Park in Bolu province, northwest Türkiye. After the identification, specimens were compared with materials in the international herbaria. As a result of the examinations, the morphological features seen to be different from its parents are as follows: Young shoots are grayish-green in color, leaves have 7-13 pairs of lateral veins, are ovate or obovate, and their margins are dentate, and the cupula scales are subulate. It resembles F. orientalis Lipsky in terms of leaf characteristics and F. sylvatica L. in terms of cupula characteristics. In this article, a botanical description of the taxon, differences from the main species, distribution maps, and photos are given. Fagus x taurica is a new hybrid record for the vascular flora of Türkiye. With this new record, the number of Fagus sp. taxa in the flora of Türkiye has risen to 3.

Influence of nutrient, toxic metal and herbicide contents on the soil bacterial communities in tropical vegetable growing areas

The relationship between bacterial diversity and the bioavailability of nutrients, toxic metals and the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a tropical vegetable growing area was evaluated. The study was conducted in a vegetable growing area located in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and samples were collected in areas of vegetable cultivation and areas of environmental reserve. Fertility analyses and determination of the pseudototal levels of toxic metals in the soil samples were performed. The profile of the soil bacterial community was determined by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and separation by DGGE. The results showed that the levels of toxic metals and elements associated with soil fertility were higher in vegetable production areas. These differences in the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil favored the presence of a greater number of OTUs in the cultivation areas (17.3-27 OTUs) than in the areas of environmental reserve (13-22 OTUs). Therefore, this study demonstrates that the presence of toxic metals and the herbicide oxyfluorfen and the increase in fertility in soils in areas with intensive vegetable cultivation resulting from the intensive management adopted in these areas promotes a differentiation of the bacterial profiles in soils in tropical vegetable growing areas.

Plankton community’s production in the water area of the Volga-Kama Biosphere Reserve (Russia)

The quantitative and production characteristics of planktonic community were assessed in the water area of the Volga Carbon Polygon (Saraly, Volzhsko-Kamsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve during the growing season of 2023. The Saralinsky section of Volga-Kama Reserve was characterized by high values of algae biomass, chlorophyll-a concentration and, accordingly, primary production of 110.6 ± 36.7 mgC/m3 and characterized this area as hypereutrophic. Zooplankton production was 120.2±48.0 kcal/m3/day or 12.0±4.8 mgC/m3. The values of the P/B coefficient of the zooplankton community varied from 17 to 69, and are determined mainly by the production of small rotifers and cladocerans. These values indicate the eutrophic state of studied area.

Identification and analysis of conservation gap of national nature reserves in China

The global system of nature reserves is facing adjustment and restructuring towards the goal of harmonizing ecological conservation with regional development. We use multiple ecoregion data at both global and national scales as ecological indicators to explore the gap areas of China's nature reserves, which can help to build a global network of nature reserve systems and lay a spatial foundation for global biodiversity conservation. This paper comprehensively resorts to the ideas and modeling approaches involved in gap analysis, conservation prioritization analysis and eco-region planning. After identifying in both global and national scales the potential areas with gaps in national nature reserves in China, it proposes conservation priority areas and optimization strategies. The study finds that in a global extent, the areas with the gaps in China cover a large area and are distributed widely, mostly on the both sides of the Tengchong-Heihe Line. The conservation priority areas are concentrated in mid-subtropical humid areas, plateau subtropical sub-humid areas and semi-arid areas, and plateau temperate humid/sub-humid areas. These areas are usually not sufficiently protected due to their diversified landforms, complex ecosystems and lack of protection measures. The results have verified and identified the areas with gaps in the building of Chinese national nature reserve system. They may make a unique and important contribution to global ecological conservation efforts in terms of protected area system optimization and conservation network building. SynopsisThis paper analyses the conservation gaps in China's national nature reserves and proposes conservation priority areas for optimising the layout of the nature reserve network.

ИХТИОПЛАНКТОН ПРИБРЕЖНЫХ АКВАТОРИЙ ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО КРЫМА В ЛЕТНИЙ НЕРЕСТОВЫЙ СЕЗОН 2023 г.

Background. The last systematic studies of ichthyoplankton in the coastal waters of Southeastern Crimea were carried out 30 years ago. However, despite the high importance of this aquatic area for fish reproduction, the current data on it remain extremely scarce. Relevance. Monitoring surveys of ichthyoplankton carried out by the Karadag Biological Station make it possible to analyze the current state of ichthyoplankton complexes and predict the success of recruitment to the natural fish populations. The aim of this article is to analyze the data obtained during monitoring studies of ichthyoplankton in the coastal waters of Southeastern Crimea during the summer spawning season of 2023. Methods. Ichthyoplankton samples were collected in May–September 2023 in the coastal waters along the south- eastern part of the Crimean Peninsula over a depth of 3 to 20 m. Fifteen expeditions were carried out in the aquatic area of the Karadag Nature Reserve, in Tikhaya (Quiet) Bay and Lisya (Fox) Bay. Results. Eggs and larvae of 30 fish species belonging to 20 families have been identified. The average number of eggs was 145.9 pcs./100 m3, and for larvae it was 15.1 ind./100 m3. Species similarity index for the summer ichthyoplankton in 2020 and 2023 was 0.79. Diversity indices in 2023 decreased by an average of 1.2 times compared to 2020 due to the pronounced dominance of anchovy, which had not been previously observed. Conclusion. The highest number of species (28) was recorded in the coastal waters of the Karadag Nature Reserve: the abundance of eggs was 153.2 pcs./100 m3, and the abundance of larvae was 12.0 ind./100 m3. The lowest number of species (14) was observed in Tikhaya (Quiet) Bay: the abundance of eggs was 113.0 pcs./100 m3, and the abundance of larvae was 7.7 ind./100 m3. In the samples, the eggs of Engraulis encrasicolus (52.0 %) and Mullus barbatus (20.6 %) prevailed. Among larvae, the most prevalent were those of anchovy (46.4 %) and hatched from demersal eggs of Chromis chromis, as well as the fish species belonging to the families Gobiidae, Blenniidae, and Labridae (40.2 %).

Schinopsis brasiliensis BARK METABOLOMIC PROFILING BASED ON NMR: EVALUATION OF METABOLIC VARIATIONS OF DIFFERENT MICROENVIRONMENT AND SEASONAL PERIODS

Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. (braúna) is a tree species of the Anacardiaceae family. It is native to Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia. It is a candidate for agro-industrial system that can be used to produce phytotherapeutics and bioproducts. However, to comprehensively understand the characteristics of plant within the framework of sustainable development for agro-industries, exploring the chemical and phenotypic diversity of samples from various microenvironments across different collection periods is essential. Accordingly, herein, the influence of different environmental factors and sample collection durations on braúna samples was investigated over several years using multivariate statistical analyses associated with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Bark samples from different areas and environmental data from different locations were analyzed. Distinct chemical profiles were observed across reserve, forest, and management areas, all marked by elevated sugar levels suggesting water stress adaptation. High radiation and low rainfall correlated with increased sugar and amino acids. Each microenvironment responded uniquely to these environmental conditions. Consequently, plant samples from different microenvironments collected over different periods were observed to respond differently to environmental factors, such as solar radiation and temperature. We correlated the metabolomic data with climatic data evaluating the influence of abiotic factors on the production of metabolites in braúna bark samples.

Diversity of Broadleaf Undergrowth Plants in the Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve Area, West Java

The Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve in West Java, designed as a dual-purpose tourist destination and nature sanctuary, faces a notable threat to the diversity of its wide leafy plant undergrowth within the Pangandaran forest due to human activities. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach and a belt transect research design, utilizing purposive sampling for sample selection, to evaluate the undergrowth diversity in the reserve. Observations reveal 14 undergrowth species, spanning herbaceous plants, shrubs, and saplings, totalling 1677 individuals across 11 families and 13 genera. The calculated diversity index (H') is 1.846, indicating a moderate level of undergrowth diversity. The importance value index (IVI) determines the significance of undergrowth plants, with Elaeocarpus sp. exhibiting the highest value at 97.85% and Kleinhovia hospita L. the lowest at 1.060%. In summary, the development of Pananjung Pangandaran Nature Reserve as a tourist park and sanctuary holds the potential to diminish the diversity of wide leafy plant undergrowth. This study identifies 14 undergrowth species with moderate diversity, emphasizing the need for meticulous planning and conservation measures to counteract the adverse effects of human activities on the area's natural diversity.

The driving factors of recreational utilization of ecological space in urban agglomerations: The perspective of urban political ecology

Understanding factors driving the recreational utilization of ecological space in urban agglomerations is crucial for the sustainable management of regional systems. However, existing literature focuses on the provision, distribution, and accessibility of urban green space at small scales, lacking explorations into ecological recreational spaces at an urban agglomeration scale. The current study explores the recreational utilization of ecological space in the Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration in China by using panel data regression and field investigations from the perspective of urban political ecology. The results show that the forest area proportion, natural reserve area proportion, fiscal revenue, and tourist numbers all have a positive effect on the recreational utilization rate of ecological space; the fixed assets investment exerts unstable prohibitive impacts on the RUoES rate, and the wetland area proportion presents a negative effect on the RUoES rate; land use rights and regional governance structure exacerbate the imbalanced distribution of the rate across different cities. The research contributes to the existing literature by researching urban ecological space from a recreational perspective and at a broader spatial scale, thereby promoting the theoretical integration of recreational geography and political ecology.

CERCETĂRI EXPERIMENTALE PRIVIND RECOLTAREA STUFULUI CU AMBARCAȚIUNEA ELECTRICĂ “ERBA”

The article presents the results obtained from experimental research conducted with an electric equipment (a watercraft) for harvesting aquatic biomass (reed, cattail, water lily, etc.), remote controlled, symbolized as ERBA. This equipment was designed and built in Romania by researchers from INMA Bucharest and ICPE-CA, at the level of experimental model. The purpose of this equipment is to develop a national system of machines for cleaning lakes, navigable canals, and specific areas of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve from excess biomass that needs to be removed for the proper functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The harvested biomass is used as raw material for the production of liquid and gaseous fuels, as well as biofertilizers, which can be utilized as inputs in the bioeconomy. The phenological characteristics of the harvested biomass, the structural and functional characteristics of the vessel, the laboratory experimental records, the nautical indices, the exploitation indices, and the energy consumption were measured under different working conditions and regimes, and with different types of biomass.

The Relationship of Community Livelihoods in and Around Forest Reserve Areas to Forest Resources in Humbang Hasundutan District, North Sumatra Province

The Relationship of Community Livelihoods in and Around Forest Reserve Areas to Forest Resources in Humbang Hasundutan District, North Sumatra Province

Climate Policies and Forest Restoration Challenges in Bahia State South, Brazil

Climate change presents humanity with one of the most complex and pressing challenges of the 21st century. As such, effective public policies and legislation must be implemented to mitigate negative impacts and facilitate the adaptation of societies to new environmental dynamics. These policies are critical in aligning collective efforts toward a more sustainable and resilient economy, providing a crucial legal framework to guide individual, collective, and governmental actions toward climate change mitigation. Thereby, Brazil has committed to restoring 12 million hectares of forests by 2030 as part of its strategy to mitigate climate change. However, the absence of an express initial time frame by law has led to inconsistencies and possible low effectiveness of forest management policies. This study sought to examine Rural Environmental Registries (in Portuguese, Cadastro Ambiental Rural - CAR) of properties in the State of Bahia and assess restoration timetables for legal reserve areas, in addition to the challenges and opportunities associated with the formulation and implementation of forest restoration policies. Considering the implications of forest degradation on the environment and human livelihoods, it is a matter of great significance. As such, it warrants a thorough examination and analysis of the various factors involved, including the role of stakeholders, financial and technical feasibility, and the identification of appropriate goals and targets. The study findings indicate that, in 71% of the properties requiring legal reserve restoration, the timetable exceeded the established legal period of the year 2032. Additionally, in 45% of the cases, the term was calculated from the registration of the rural property in the CAR. Consequently, it was concluded that the erroneous interpretations adopted impede the recovery of native vegetation and, more significantly, the Brazilian goal of forest restoration of 12 million hectares of degraded land by 2030.

Conservation or deforestation: Households attitudinal analysis of forest resources for sustainable development of the Tain (II) Forest Reserve, Ghana

Forest conservation has recently become a global necessity, capturing considerable attention from scholars and policymakers. However, rampant deforestation remains a significant catalyst for the recent exacerbated climatic repercussions in forest regions. This study examined the perspectives regarding forest conservation and assessed their relationship with household income conditions in Ghana. Primary data were gleaned from two hundred fifty households within five communities around Ghana's Tain (II) forest reserve using a participatory rural assessment approach and interviews with structured questionnaires. The survey considered (i) socio-demographic drivers, (ii) basic family information, and (iii) forest conservation characteristics as hypothetical incentives to promote forest conservation and poverty alleviation. The findings revealed varied perspectives on conservational attitudes in the forest fringe communities. Marital status, education, employment, home size, and other factors influenced opinions in forest conversations. The study suggested the need for tailored ecological compensation and agroforestry practices to reduce deforestation in the Tain (II) Forest reserve area.

Recommending Surface Water Quality Monitoring for the Nature Reserve Using Multivariate Statistical Methods

Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve has a crucial role in conserving and protecting the natural ecosystem and biodiversity in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and the local communities also receive great benefits from aquatic resources in this nature reserve. This study was conducted to assess water quality in the Lung Ngoc Hoang Nature Reserve and to provide important information for the monitoring program using multivariate statistical methods. Water samples were collected bimonthly from fifteen locations belonging to five functional zones of the nature reserve (i.e., buffer zone, main canal, administrative and service zone, ecological restoration zone, and strictly protected zone). The physiochemical properties of water samples were measured, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), sulfate (SO42-), iron (Fe2+), and aluminum (Al3+). The results showed that the levels of TSS, COD, and Fe2+ exceeded the Vietnamese standard on surface water quality, and the DO level was also far below the standard. Besides, the concentrations of TN, TP, and Al3+ in the nature reserve area showed the risk of eutrophication and negative effects on aquatic organisms. Problems of water quality were observed in the main canal and the administrative and service zones more than in the other zones. Cluster analysis (CA) suggested a reduction in the number of monitoring frequencies and locations to four months (i.e., January, April, July, and September) and twelve locations, respectively. This reduction allows for a decrease in the effort and cost of the monitoring program with adequate information to evaluate water quality. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) identified five principal components, which could explain 80.98% of the total variance of the initial dataset. Potential pollution sources were also recognized based on PCA, including the nature properties of sulfate-acid soils, livestock, fertilizer, and domestic activities. The findings of this study can enhance our understanding of water quality in the nature reserve area and the effectiveness of future monitoring programs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-015 Full Text: PDF

Study of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of bacterioplankton in the Moldavian section of the Prut River

The paper presents the results of study of the Prut River heterotrophic bacterioplankton. The bi-disciplinary technique was used to assess its hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity, namely: microbiological research was carried out in parallel with hydrochemical investigation of the natural water samples and samples enriched with diesel fuel. The Moldovan-Romanian transboundary section of the Prut River includes various ecological zones, such as the Costești-Stanca Reservoir, the mouth of the Jijia River, the Prut floodplains with the relict Beleu Lake (where oil extraction is carried out despite the fact that it is a protected area of the scientific reserve "Prutul de Jos") and the Prut River mouth with the Giurgiulesti International Free Port. The microbial community of fluvial bacterioplankton corresponds to the specific conditions of each these biotopes, being the most reproducible and adaptable component of the biota. The results obtained in the study of the Prut River bacterioplankton demonstrate the presence of hydrocarbon-adapted microorganisms with a good potential to utilize petroleum products in their metabolic processes.

Determine of Reserve Areas for Urban Transformation Project Areas in Istanbul

İstanbul, deprem riski yüksek bir bölgede yer alması ve önüne geçilemeyen çarpık kentleşmesinden dolayı kentsel dönüşüme sürekli ihtiyacı artan bir kent haline gelmiştir. Doğru ve sürdürülebilir kentsel dönüşüm uygulamaları için sürekli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. 1966 yılında yürürlüğe giren 775 Sayılı Gecekondu Kanunu’nda ilk kez tasfiye alanlarından bahsedilmiştir. Tasfiye alanlarında tekrar yapılaşma sağlanamadığı için bu alanlarda yer alan hak sahiplerinin başka alanlara taşınması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da kentsel dönüşüm uygulanamayan alanlarda yer alan hak sahiplerinin yerleşebileceği rezerv alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Öncelikle yer seçim kriterleri analitik hiyerarşi yöntemi ile ağırlıklandırılarak, konumsal çakıştırma (weighted overlay) yöntemi kullanılmış ve olası rezerv alanlar belirlenmiştir.