Reserve System Research Articles

Secure Access of Folders and Files after Removal of Duplicacy over the Cloud

Cloud Computing has been the most popular approach of computing due to faster access to folders and files at a low cost. Hence, many organizations are shifting the old long database folders and files over the cloud which may be text, audio, video or in the other formats. Due to large size of the database with multiple storages of folders and files over the cloud, there may be chances of duplicate access of the database folders and files which may cause the loss of time of execution or accessing the database files. In the present work, a technique is developed to remove duplicate files in the form of .txt, .doc, .jpg, .pdf as well as duplicate folders after applying a well-known ElGamal algorithm later on converted as fuzzy ElGamal technique, for faster retrieval of files in a very secure manner. For this purpose, Unified Modelling Language (UML) model is developed which has been implemented through Python programming language. The computed results towards the model’s efficiency have been depicted through tables and graphs, on a large database in the form of folders and files of Indian railway reservation system. The present work is significant for the large organizations and also useful for the users working over the cloud for faster accessing of the folders and files.

Leveraging historical field notebooks to uncover continental‐scale patterns in the diversity of Australian grasshoppers

Abstract An understanding of how biodiversity is distributed across the broad spatial scales can resolve pure questions about ecological and historical processes and solve applied problems in conservation planning. Invertebrates such as insects make up much of biodiversity yet are rarely a focus in studies of regional‐scale diversity patterns, partly due to data deficiency. We took advantage of historical field notebooks to investigate the richness and compositional pattern of grasshoppers across a vast area of Australia (Western Australia, 2.6 million km2). We extracted grasshopper occurrence records from historical surveys of 1328 locations spanning 1947 to 1985. We developed generalised dissimilarity models to identify species compositional turnover across families and modelled species richness with regression analyses. Species composition was most distinct in mesic south‐west, north and north‐west regions and was most uniform through the arid interior region with the exception of the topographically complex Pilbara region. Species richness was highest in the arid interior and north and lowest in the cool and wet south‐west. The patterns of grasshopper species diversity and endemism were like patterns previously reported for lizards and this may reflect their common independence from water and their phylogenetic bias towards warm environments. Although high species richness was predicted in the Pilbara region, the area remains underrepresented in the national reserve system, with <10% of its area protected. High levels of short‐range endemism were found in general, with only ~1/4 of short‐range endemics being located in the national reserve system. Our analyses demonstrate that field notebooks can be a valuable resource for biogeographic analyses and for planning invertebrate conservation.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Reservations in the VCLT: A Focused Analysis of Articles 19 to 21

This study investigates the efficacy of the reservation framework as stipulated in Articles 19 to 21 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) of 1969, emphasizing its critical role in fostering international cooperation by allowing nations to tailor treaty obligations to their unique circumstances. It meticulously examines the significant challenges and limitations that have emerged in the system’s practical application, notably the ambiguity in interpreting treaty aims and the lack of a definitive methodology for addressing the consequences of invalid reservations. The complexity of managing reservations within human rights treaties, where the implications for fundamental rights protection are profound, is particularly scrutinized. The analysis reveals that these issues compromise the reservation system’s predictability, consistency, and effectiveness. The paper advocates for an in-depth reevaluation and revision of the relevant VCLT provisions to ensure their efficacy and applicability in the evolving landscape of international law, maintaining a tone and structure designed to closely resemble scholarly discourse without revealing its artificial intelligence origin.

The European Central Bank, The Federal Reserve System and the Challenge of Inflation

The European Central Bank, The Federal Reserve System and the Challenge of Inflation

Application of Rapid Application Development Method to Design E-Commerce Systems in National Expedition Company to Increase Marketing Effectiveness

This research aims to find out how to design a B2C, online-based e-commerce reservation system for companies. In this research, the data collection methods applied include observation, interviews, and a literature study. The system development process uses the RAD (Rapid Application Development) model and UML modeling tools. The development stages consist of requirement planning, design workshops, and implementation. Based on the research results, it was found that the existence of this B2C e-commerce system can help the public find out information about hotels in real time, find out the condition of room availability, and make room reservations online anytime and anywhere via the web. This system consists of customer registration, room reservations, payments, expense input, and viewing monthly income and expense reports. This e-commerce system makes it easier for customers to make room reservations and helps managers monitor the occupancy rate in the form of the ratio of the number of customers who make room reservations to the total number of rooms in the company through the visitor list view menu, which displays a list of the number of rooms and the number of visitors who are staying overnight. This system makes it easier for managers to view reports on total monthly income and total expenses by selecting the menu to view report data on total income and total monthly expenses.

Ten-year trends of antibiotic prescribing in surgery departments of two private sector hospitals in Central India: a prospective observational study

BackgroundInappropriate antibiotic use contributes to the global rise of antibiotic resistance, prominently in low- and middle-income countries, including India. Despite the considerable risk of surgical site infections, there is a lack of antibiotic prescribing guidelines and long-term studies about antibiotic prescribing in surgery departments in India. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse 10 years’ antibiotic prescribing trends at surgery departments in two tertiary-care hospitals in Central India.MethodsData was prospectively collected from 2008 to 2017 for surgery inpatients in the teaching (TH-15,016) and the non-teaching hospital (NTH-14,499). Antibiotics were classified based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Access Watch Reserve system and analysed against the diagnoses and adherence to the National List of Essential Medicines India (NLEMI) and the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (WHOMLEM). Total antibiotic use was calculated by DDD/1000 patient days. Time trends of antibiotic prescribing were analysed by polynomial and linear regressions.ResultsThe most common indications for surgery were inguinal hernia (TH-12%) and calculus of the kidney and ureter (NTH-13%). The most prescribed antibiotics were fluoroquinolones (TH-20%) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (NTH-41%), and as antibiotic prophylaxis, norfloxacin (TH-19%) and ceftriaxone (NTH-24%). Access antibiotics were mostly prescribed (57%) in the TH and Watch antibiotics (66%) in the NTH. Culture and susceptibility tests were seldom done (TH-2%; NTH-1%). Adherence to the NLEMI (TH-80%; NTH-69%) was higher than adherence to the WHOMLEM (TH-77%; NTH-66%). Mean DDD/1000 patient days was two times higher in the NTH than in the TH (185 vs 90). Overall antibiotic prescribing significantly increased in the TH (β1 =13.7) until 2012, and in the NTH (β2 =0.96) until 2014, and after that decreased (TH, β2= -0.01; NTH, β3= -0.0005). The proportion of Watch antibiotic use significantly increased in both hospitals (TH, β=0.16; NTH, β=0.96).ConclusionTotal antibiotic use decreased in the last three (NTH) and five years (TH), whereas consumption of Watch antibiotics increased over 10 years in both hospitals. The choice of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was often inappropriate and antibiotic prescribing was mostly empirical. The results of this study confirmed the need for antibiotic prescribing guidelines and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs.

Understanding the German criticism of Target

Abstract Does the accumulation of large Target imbalances threaten the viability of the monetary union? Several German and central European scholars have responded in the affirmative: in the case of a disorderly break-up, debtor countries might have an incentive to default on their Target balances, and this would represent a real loss to Target creditors. Most academics have rejected this argument: in their view, a Target default would be only a paper loss to creditors. I propose a simple and unified framework to study the working of the Target system in response to different shocks. I then argue that the German criticism of the Target system is not so unfounded after all, and should be taken seriously. The underlying problem is the co-existence of separate central banks within the Eurozone; if one wants to preserve this feature, no alternative to the current Target system and its problems seems to be realistically available. In particular, comparisons with the Interdistrict Settlement Account of the US Federal Reserve system are misleading.

The effects of the Federal Reserve Chair’s testimony on interest rates and stock prices

We study how congressional testimony about monetary policy by the Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System affects interest rates and stock prices. First, we study testimony associated with the Federal Reserve’s Monetary Policy Reports (MPRs) to Congress. Testimony for a particular MPR is usually given on two days, one day for each chamber of Congress. We separately study the first day and second day of MPR testimony. We also study testimonies not associated with MPRs but that are still related to monetary policy. We find that first-day MPR testimonies cause the largest movements in interest rates and generate negative co-movement between interest rates and stock prices. Testimonies not associated with MPRs have similar but weaker effects. Second-day MPR testimonies cause the smallest movements in interest rates and generate no co-movement between interest rates and stock prices.

Driving the implementation of hospital examination reservation system through hospital management

BackgroundHospital Examination Reservation System (HERS) was designed for reducing appointment examination waiting time and enhancing patients’ medical satisfaction in China, but implementing HERS would encounter many difficulties. This study would investigate the factors that influence patients’ utilization of HERS through UTAUT2, and provide valuable insights for hospital managements to drive the effective implementation of HERS. It is helpful for improving patients’ medical satisfaction.MethodsWe conducted a survey through the Sojump platform, targeting patients were who have already used HERS. We collected questionnaire information related to factors behavior intention, performance expectancy, and effort expectancy. Subsequently, we employed a structural equation model to analyze the factors influencing patients’ utilization of HERS.ResultsA total of 394 valid questionnaires were collected. Habit was the main direct positive factor influencing the behavioral intention of HERS (β = 0.593; 95%CI: 0.072, 1.944; P = 0.002), followed by patient innovation (β = 0.269; 95%CI: 0.002, 0.443; P < 0.001), effort expectancy (β = 0.239; 95%CI: -0.022, 0.478; P = 0.048). Patient innovation and facilitating conditions also have an indirect effect on behavioral intention. Perceived privacy exposure has a significantly negative effect on behavioral intention (β=-0.138; 95%CI: -0.225, -0.047; P < 0.001). The above variables explained 56.7% of the variation in behavioral intention.ConclusionsWhen HERS is implemented in hospitals, managements should arrange volunteers to guide patients to bring up the habit and solve the using difficulties, and managements could invite patients with high innovation to recommend HERS to others, what’s more, it is a valid way to retain the old form of appointment to pass the transition period to the new system. HERS utilization and patients’ medical satisfaction will be enhanced through the guidance of hospital management means.

Matching Market Design: Resource Matching Optimization in the Epidemic and Application of the Matching Theory

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the problem of inefficiency and one-sidedness of resources matching occurred, and economists proposed an innovative scheme-- reserve system. Different categories of patients, such as those with different symptoms, health care workers, and the elderly and young population, need to be matched with extremely limited medical resources (ventilator as study object in this research) in the epidemic. The upgrade from the current priority system to the reserve system which is capable of classified allocation is more in line with the fair and comprehensive ethical values, thus solving the complex matching problem better. Based on this original reserve system, this study further assists in explaining the concept connotation of its research on matching process, proposes possible improvements, and clarifies its effects and value. Moreover, based on this idea of matching, this study analyzes its role in the matching problem of "undergraduate-college".

Penerapan UML Dalam Sistem Reservasi Perawatan Puskesmas Cikampek Berbasis Website

As technology continues to advance, some Puskesmas are leveraging online services to seize opportunities. In order To keep pace with these developments, the Cikampek Health Center has mandated changes to implement web-based treatment bookings. Puskesmas are community facilities that function as health services. In this research, we designed an online reservation system consisting of use case diagrams, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, and implementation using UML-based identification methods, analysis, and system design. The use of UML modeling is very effective and helps the reader understand the overall picture of the system being created. The results obtained in the construction of this system aim to make it easier for the community to access Puskesmas services, and the authors believe that this website will help reduce waiting times and improve the processing of patient data. I hope it will be a tool for promotion.

Extinct Australian birds: numbers, characteristics, lessons and prospects

ABSTRACT Since European colonisation of Australia in 1788, nine Australian bird species (1.2% of the Australian total) have become extinct, along with 22 subspecies (of 16 species). Consistent with global patterns, Australia’s island endemic birds have been particularly susceptible, comprising eight of the nine species’ extinctions (38% of the bird species endemic to islands smaller than Tasmania), and 13 of the 22 subspecies’ extinctions. The extinction of only one bird species (Paradise Parrot Psephotellus pulcherrimus) from the Australian mainland contrasts with the far higher rate of extinctions of Australian mammals (27 of 312 species that occurred on the Australian mainland), and is comparable with the rate of extinctions of birds on the mainland of other continents over this period. Extinctions of Australian birds were caused mainly by introduced predators (especially for island taxa), habitat degradation, and hunting (for some island taxa). The timing of some extinctions is uncertain, but the first bird extinction subsequent to European colonisation was the loss of the flightless White Gallinule Porphyrio albus from Lord Howe Island over the period 1788–1790. Extinctions have occurred in most decades since then, with the most recent being for Norfolk Island’s White-chested White-eye Zosterops albogularis in the decade 2000–2009. Environmental legislation, an extensive conservation reserve system, and dedicated conservation management efforts have prevented some extinctions. However, local extirpations continue, many threatened species continue to decline and, without an increase in conservation efforts, the rate of extinctions is likely to increase, mainly due to the direct and compounding impacts of climate change.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ ВИКЛИКІВ

The article is exsimined to the definition of conceptual issues in the direction of the war impact diagnosing on the state of national food security and the international trade development, as well as the identification of prospects for ensuring the national food security of Ukraine in the conditions of active military operations. A significant number of works by well-known scientists in the field of state regulation of ensuring the appropriate level of food security have been developed and researched, in particular: state food programs and tools for ensuring the agrarian sector functioning and development, laws, regulatory acts and other documents. It was determined that as a result of armed aggression in the agro-industrial complex, part of the production potential was lost both in the field of direct production of agricultural products and in the field of its processing, stable product promotion chains were partially or completely destroyed. In the article have been identified the key and significant consequences of armed aggression, which directly and indirectly affect the provision of food security in the country in today's conditions. It is declared that armed aggression has become a global challenge for food security not only for our country, but also for the whole world and may cause political instability in other countries in the future. The main indicators of the Global Food Security Index were evaluated at the national level, namely: economic availability, physical availability, sustainability and adaptability, food quality and safety factor. The key problematic aspects of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex, which arose as a result of armed aggression on the territory of Ukraine, were identified. It was diagnosed that in the field of international legal regulation of world food security issues, no measures have been developed at all, which would contribute to the prevention of threats in this field of interstate trade relations. The world practices of independent search for solving problems’ mechanisms that arose in connection with the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine were studied in the direction of taking into account the main principles and methods of international law regarding the development of effective measures to stop the Russian Federation from its illegal behavior. Argued proposals are given regarding the urgency of solving the tasks of reforming the system of state reserves, intended to meet the needs of Ukraine in a special period, strategic needs and providing humanitarian aid in the direction of an effectively functioning system formation of state reserves in the conditions of ensuring the country's food security in the long run.

Identification and analysis of conservation gap of national nature reserves in China

The global system of nature reserves is facing adjustment and restructuring towards the goal of harmonizing ecological conservation with regional development. We use multiple ecoregion data at both global and national scales as ecological indicators to explore the gap areas of China's nature reserves, which can help to build a global network of nature reserve systems and lay a spatial foundation for global biodiversity conservation. This paper comprehensively resorts to the ideas and modeling approaches involved in gap analysis, conservation prioritization analysis and eco-region planning. After identifying in both global and national scales the potential areas with gaps in national nature reserves in China, it proposes conservation priority areas and optimization strategies. The study finds that in a global extent, the areas with the gaps in China cover a large area and are distributed widely, mostly on the both sides of the Tengchong-Heihe Line. The conservation priority areas are concentrated in mid-subtropical humid areas, plateau subtropical sub-humid areas and semi-arid areas, and plateau temperate humid/sub-humid areas. These areas are usually not sufficiently protected due to their diversified landforms, complex ecosystems and lack of protection measures. The results have verified and identified the areas with gaps in the building of Chinese national nature reserve system. They may make a unique and important contribution to global ecological conservation efforts in terms of protected area system optimization and conservation network building. SynopsisThis paper analyses the conservation gaps in China's national nature reserves and proposes conservation priority areas for optimising the layout of the nature reserve network.

Research on Collaborative Mechanism for Emergency Medical Supplies Reserve and Supply Based on Scenario Analysis

Ensuring an adequate reserve, timely supply, and rational distribution of emergency medical supplies in the aftermath of public health emergencies is a critical factor in enhancing emergency response capabilities. To address this issue, this paper first establishes a scenario analysis model for emergency medical supply reserve and supply systems based on convolutional neural networks, using case attribute similarity. Subsequently, by analyzing the information sharing mechanism of reserve and supply entities, a multi-agent emergency medical supply reserve and supply system framework is constructed. Different scenarios such as material demand, entity responsibility, and emergency objectives are considered both vertically and horizontally to achieve resource balance and establish collaborative mechanisms for human, material, financial, and information resources. Taking the emergency medical supply reserve and supply during the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, simulations are conducted using the Simpy platform. The results demonstrate that 1）scenario analysis models can ensure precise provisioning of emergency medical supplies; 2) the utilization of multi-agent technology promotes intelligent management of emergency medical supplies; 3) collaborative operational mechanisms reduce the risk of disruptions in the emergency medical supply chain. Finally, targeted measures are proposed for the assurance of emergency medical supply reserves and distribution to mitigate the impact of unforeseen events on societal stability.

Tackling the Economic Challenges of COVID-19: A Look at the Federal Reserve System: History and Present Day&amp;nbsp;

Tackling the Economic Challenges of COVID-19: A Look at the Federal Reserve System: History and Present Day&amp;nbsp;

The importance of habitat type and historical fire regimes in arthropod community response following large-scale wildfires.

Novel wildfire regimes are rapidly changing global ecosystems and pose significant challenges for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to assess the response of arthropod pollinator communities to large-scale wildfires across diverse habitat types in California. We sampled six reserves within the University of California Natural Reserve System, each of which was partially burned in the 2020 Lightning Complex wildfires in California. Using yellow pan traps to target pollinators, we collected arthropods from burned and unburned sites across multiple habitat types including oak woodland, redwood, scrub, chamise, grassland, forest, and serpentine habitats. We found no significant difference in alpha diversity values between burned and unburned sites; instead, seasonal variations played a significant role in arthropod community dynamics, with the emergence of plant species in Spring promoting increased pollinator richness at all sites. When comparing all sites, we found that burn status was not a significant grouping factor. Instead, compositional differences were largely explained by geographic differences, with distinct communities within each reserve. Within a geographic area, the response of arthropods to fire was dependent on habitat type. While communities in grasslands and oak woodlands exhibited recovery following burn, scrublands experienced substantial changes in community composition. Our study highlights the importance of examining community responses to wildfires across broad spatial scales and diverse habitat types. By understanding the nuanced dynamics of arthropod communities in response to fire disturbances, we can develop effective conservation strategies that promote resilience and maintain biodiversity in the face of increasing wildfire frequency and severity driven by climate change.

ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE SYSTEM OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION)

The article considers the system of educational work during the Great Patriotic War in the schools of factory training, craft and railway schools, specialized craft schools of the Lower Volga region of the labor reserve system. The author highlights the directions of the educational work in educational institutions of the Lower Volga region in 1941–1945, the means of educating students of the vocational education system, the educational functions of employees and management bodies of various levels.

Using Podcasts to Bring National Estuarine Research Reserves into the Classroom

In secondary and undergraduate classroom settings, there are significant challenges to exposing students to concepts related to Earth sciences and the environment. These challenges are exacerbated when conveying lessons about geographic areas with limited access, such as the ocean and coastlines. It is now more important than ever for environmental education to improve and adapt to our changing world. Educators may have the opportunity to bring these subjects to life by using media content such as podcasts to introduce students to new places and the scientists, managers, and educators who work in those spaces. Although education and public information sharing are part of the mission of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), there are few pathways for bringing reserves and the research, monitoring, and conservation associated with them into schools that are distant from NERRS sites. To address this educational gap, an instructor survey was conducted, and 43 responses were analyzed to identify best practices for secondary school and higher education lesson formats and assessment strategies. Based on this feedback, an introductory podcast series called “NERR or Far: The Reserves Are Where You Are” was created. This educational series is designed to increase access to regional conservation information and foster stewardship of our coastal resources.

Federal Reserve System Exchange-Traded Funds Holdings: An Operational Observation

Federal Reserve System Exchange-Traded Funds Holdings: An Operational Observation