Reserve System Research Articles

Hot topic detection in central bankers’ speeches

Analysis of central bankers’ statements is essential to understand current economic conditions and predict future market trends. The most popular method used for this purpose – qualitative monitoring and evaluation (QME) – is based on the input of domain experts, which is expensive and subjective by nature. Several researchers have attempted to use text mining techniques as alternatives. However, they have primarily focused on aligning textual information with macroeconomic indicators, rather than directly extracting keywords. The primary aim of this study is to identify the possibility of automatically detecting potential financial risk factors by applying text mining techniques to central bankers’ speeches. We propose a text mining framework to extract risk factors ex ante by detecting hot topics in speeches made by chairs of the Federal Reserve System. In the framework, we use a simple and effective unsupervised keyword-scoring method,11The source code used for this study is available at https://github.com/sophia-jihye/hot_topic_detection_in_central_bankers_speeches. which treats bigrams as keywords and incorporates the temporal importance of keywords by estimating the “emergence” of a term at a certain time period relative to previous time periods. In-depth analysis through extensive experiments was conducted to compare risk factor detection performance using eight existing methods Including statistical approaches and recent pretrained language model-based approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method adopting a statistical approach effectively captures potential risk factors in central bankers’ speeches. Application of the proposed framework to manuscripts of speeches made between 1997 and 201922The dataset collected for this study is available at https://github.com/sophia-jihye/bis_speeches_text_dataset. revealed that the recurrence of the terms Such as “east asia” “information technology” and “subprime mortgage” which describe the Asian financial crisis Dot-com bubble And global financial crisis Respectively Could have been detected prior to the onset of the respective crises. Furthermore The quantitative evaluation revealed that the frequency of appearance of the phrase “subprime mortgage” increased by more than 400% in speeches made during the second quarter of 2007 as compared to the previous quarter Whereas the number of the New York times news articles containing the word “subprime mortgage” only increased by approximately 0%. our results show that central bankers’ speeches can be used as an appropriate data source for the ex ante identification of market risk factors. We anticipate that this study will contribute to broadening the understanding of trends in hot topics in the financial market Monitoring potential risk factors And developing preemptive response plans to deal with impending financial crises.

Sources for the reconstruction of the "parade" and "non-parade" portraits of students of the state labor reserves (1904–1950s)

The socio-cultural appearance of students in the system of state labor reserves has not been the subject of special study by specialists. At the same time, the creation in 1940 of the system of state labor reserves of the USSR was accompanied by the formation of a specific social group, the study of the socio-cultural characteristics of which will complement the already existing ideas about the working youth of the Soviet period. The subject of the study are documents as historical sources. The object is students of the system of state labor reserves as a separate social group. The purpose of the article is to present a corpus of official documents and documents of personal origin, which are historical sources for the reconstruction of stable, integral images of students, forming the basis of "ceremonial" and "non–parade" portraits as a set of characteristics (markers) aimed at highlighting socio-demographic features, cultural values and mental characteristics, behavioral practices and appearance of representatives of this social group. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of source analysis and synthesis, which allow to reveal the content component of documents for the study of the declared topic. The results of the study are: 1) the allocation of six types of historical sources from the official records of the central and regional labor reserves management bodies to fiction, allowing to reconstruct the "parade" and "non-parade" portraits of students of the state labor reserves system as a separate social group; 2) disclosure of the information potential of these six types of historical sources, taking into account their source-study features for the reconstruction of the socio-cultural appearance of students.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КРАТКОСРОЧНЫМИ СТАВКАМИ ДЕНЕЖНОГО РЫНКА В УСЛОВИЯХ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ПРОФИЦИТА ЛИКВИДНОСТИ НА РЫНКЕ МЕЖБАНКОВСКОГО КРЕДИТОВАНИЯ

One of the central bank’s operative objectives is control of short-term interest rates. It means that monetary authority maintains short-term interest rates within a specified corridor and provides their conformity to the policy rate level. Monetary policy tools, which provide liquidity and absorb it from the interbank lending market, insure effective interest rate steering policy. In conventional times central banks implement their monetary policy in case of insignificant deficit of reserve money preserving control over money market interest rates. After the Great Recession central banks of developed countries had to bring tools of unconventional monetary policy in operation, what resulted in unprecedented growth of supply of excess reserves and expansion of central banks’ balance sheets. Basing on experience of Federal Reserve System this article covers the issue of short-term interest rates steering within the scope of significant sustainable structural liquidity surplus on reserve money market.

Koalas, Climate, Conservation, and the Community

Abstract Koalas are one of the most globally recognized conservation species. With populations rapidly declining in core forest habitats in northern New South Wales, pressure has mounted on successive governments to create a regionwide park to protect this population from further decline. Establishing a conservation-effective national park at a landscape level in a highly fragmented area with high pressure from alternative land uses, such as forestry, agriculture, and urban development, presents considerable challenges in design. The authors explore how the exclusion of prime koala habitat from the proposed park for logging is inconsistent with koala protection, which needs to consider the integrity of the broader reserve system and be accorded the requisite status of World Heritage. A commentary on the implications from the social quality perspective is provided.

Parking Management System

Abstract: This research paper aims to a Parking Management System which is an online platform that enables users to reserve a parking spot in advance. The system works by allowing users to search for available parking spots, view prices, and book their preferred spot using a mobile app or a web interface. The system can be integrated with parking management systems, enabling parking providers to better manage their parking spaces and increase their revenue. Additionally, the system can provide realtime data on parking availability, reducing traffic congestion and improving overall parking efficiency. This abstract provides an overview of the Parking Reservation System and highlights its benefits for both parking providers and users.

Post Covid Resilience and Recovery Strategy for Tourism in Developing Countries: Tourism and Hospitality Innovations during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Purpose: The tourism industry is one of the most dynamic in the world over due to the fact that customers’ needs and demands are always changing. Furthermore, the environment in which the sector operates in is also changing so fast in terms of technological advancement and effects of climate change. This therefore calls for shift in the delivery of service and development of innovating ways in the Tourism and hospitality sector for its survival and growth. The study focused on the flexibility of the hotels to adapt to changes in the environment, its resilience in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic and the new innovations and creativity that helped the industry bounce back post Covid-19. The main objective was to examine the challenges that the tourism industry experienced during the Covid-19 period and establish the new innovations and business models adopted by 4- and 5-Star hotels in the tourism and hospitality industry in Kenya enabled the establishments to navigate through the challenges to resume hotel operations. 
 Methodology: The study was undertaken through online surveys in eighty-eight 4- and 5-Star hotels in Kenya with the respondents being hotel managers. Data was collected using a quantitative approach and adopted a cross-sectional research design. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. 
 Findings: The findings revealed enhanced use of technological and digital innovations in operational areas that comprised contactless reservation and check-in systems, new products and packaging, new ways and means of retailing/delivering the products and services to the customers without physical contact, cashless payment solutions, revised standard operating procedures in housekeeping and food and beverage service, safety, security and hygiene protocols and food production and dispensing. In addition, new opportunities for new markets were created and products diversified. The innovations have also created an avenue for tourism and hospitality trainers to review and realign curricula and mode of service to be in tandem with the changes in the socio-economic environment.
 Recommendations: The study adds to the growing body of literature on new innovative ways used in the hospitality and tourism sector by leveraging on technology in the digital era. The findings of the study can be applied in the hotels in Kenya and beyond. It also recommends the development of a policy framework for collaboration and partnership for the region to facilitate and enhance tourism within East Africa and the Africa. 
 
 

Public's Experience with an Online Reservation System for Residual COVID-19 Vaccines and the Potential for Increasing the Actual Vaccination Rate.

This study aimed to investigate the public's experience of online reservation of residual COVID-19 vaccines in an additional vaccination program. Online reservation was used to predict the vaccination rate. A sample of 620 participants completed the online survey between July and August 2021. About 38% of the participants made the online reservation. About 91% had a vaccination intention. Online reservations showed significant differences in their distribution according to age group, educational level, past flu shot experience, and COVID-19 vaccination intention. A negative experience was the most common response, which was mostly attributed to the difficulty in making an online reservation due to reservations being full. Positive experiences included updated information and notifications on the residual vaccines available, being able to choose a vaccination clinic, and the ease of making, changing, and canceling a reservation. About 72% reported the positive effect of residual vaccine usage on herd immunity. The results of this study suggest that when developing another online reservation program for vaccination, it is necessary to consider and address the negative experiences of the public with online reservations. The additional vaccinations may have resulted in an increased vaccination rate. Vaccination reservations can be used as an indicator to predict the actual vaccination rate and as a measure of a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination.

Эволюция и тенденции развития мировой валютно-финансовой системы

Introduction. Structural changes in the world economy and trade and its financialization contributed to the growth of instability and necessitated the building a new structure for the world monetary and financial system. Theoretical analysis. The evolution of the global monetary and financial system, when the function of world money shifted from gold to fiduciaries and SDR, resulted in the formation of a two-level structure. The top level consists of countries with reserve currencies and, thanks to this, such countries have the privilege of forming long and cheap liabilities by creating public and corporate debt, financing the balance of payments deficit through monetary issuance. The rest of the countries that do not have significant sources of long-term investments belong to the lower level, since they are obliged to maintain the compliance of their national monetary base with the volume of international reserves. The development of the global monetary and financial system within the framework of such structure was supported by an increase in the volume of financial transactions and the appearance of derivatives, the purpose of which was not only hedging, but also speculation. Empirical analysis. It was found out that, while the chronic deficit of the trade and balance of payments and growing volume of public debt were not a problem for the United States for the last 20 years, a sharp increase of Federal Reserve System rates in 2022, that resulted in increased nominal yield of the treasuries, significantly increased the cost of debt servicing. The decrease in the degree of confidence in the dollar pushes central banks to diversify international reserves, as a result the share of gold in the structure of these reserves has begun to increase. Those countries that do not have reserve currencies are now more interested in CBDCs. Results. The increasing importance of tangible assets against the background of political and financial instability in the world, as well as the need to use modern digital forms of money, open up the possibility for the ruble to become one of the world’s reserve currencies in the new structure of the multipolar world monetary and financial system.

Money Multiplication in Islamic Banking – A Discussion on its Impact on Distributive Justice

This paper explores the legitimacy of the use of Fractional Reserve System in Islamic banking from the normative premise of Islamic economics. The paper uses a methodology of structured literature review and a conceptual analysis of the literature following the approach of Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS). The first section of the paper presents the analysis on fractional Reserve Bank (FRB) system, how it leads to multiplication of money supply and influence the long-term inflation and business cycles; the second part of the article explains the extent to which this framework obstructs in the achievement of the objectives of Islamic Economics. This is followed by a reflective analysis of concepts and information gathered from the literature to evaluate how FRB system fits into the fabric of Islamic Economic. The second section of this paper explains how Islamic Banks, with an FRB model and its inclination towards debt-based instruments, would allow Islamic banks to contribute to the problem of inflation, even if they use Musharakah and Mudarabah as a mode of finance.

Theory and practice of overcoming an economic crisis (on the Nobel Prize in economics in 2022)

The article analyzes the Nobel Prize winners in economics of the 2022’s research results. The author explains the meaning of the terms which are necessary for the analysis: money multiplier, liquidity, mortgage, mortgage bonds. In addition, the psychological factor in the formation of critical situations in the banking sector is considered the way it was interpreted by the winners. The article analyzes the reasons which led to the lower position of the USSR’s and modern Russia’s money multiplier compared to the position of the multiplier of the countries with developed market economies including, first of all, the USA. The paper also discusses the role which the “real bills doctrine” played in the activity of the US Federal Reserve System and Ben Bernank personally. Ben Bernank’s cautious line of behavior during the overcoming the 2008 crisis is described. The model of liquidity dynamics which belongs to the laureates and that is vividly discussed in the scientific community is considered in detail.

Legal regulation of clinical application of artificial intelligence

With the wide application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in clinical practice, more and more legal problems need to be solved. At present, although the legal status of AI is still controversial in academic and practical circles, its infringement risk in clinical diagnosis and surgery cannot be avoided. On the basis of the distinction between strong and weak AI liability subjects, those who meet the requirements of infringement, damage consequence, causal relationship, subjective fault, etc., can constitute tort liability, but the existence of exemption causes can also exempt liability. In addition to the ex post accountability of tort liability, it is also necessary to establish a complete administrative legal regulation system. At present, China needs to explore and establish the classification registration system, compulsory insurance system and reserve system of AI as soon as possible, so as to strengthen the legal regulation of the whole process of AI clinical application before, during and after the event.

Project Clinik: A Cross-Platform Scheduling and Appointment Reservation System

This study aimed to design, develop, and assess a cross-platform scheduling and appointment reservation system for clinics. The software development life cycle (SDLC) was used to guide the development of the system, which included planning, defining requirements, design and prototyping, development, testing, and operations and maintenance. A developmental experts research design was employed, and the technical features of the system were assessed by IT following the ISO 25010 standards, while end-users evaluated the quality of using the system based on selected ISO 25010 standards. The results showed that the SDLC was appropriate in developing the system, and both IT experts and end-users found the system to be of high quality. Based on the results, the researchers drew conclusions and provided recommendations for future studies. The study revealed that a cross-platform scheduling and appointment reservation system for clinics can be developed using the SDLC with the involvement of IT experts and end-users in the assessment process. It is crucial to incorporate the ISO 25010 standards to ensure that the system is of high quality and meets the needs of the end-users

All Aboard : Transforming the Tracks of Travel with an Innovative Railway Reservation System

In all nations across the world, the demand for safe, rapid, and dependable train services continues to be a source of worry. Safety, operational inefficiency and reliability of old railway systems and operations, as well as safety and security concerns that haunt many countries for changing rail infrastructure that exist the worldwide train sector is battling to stay afloat. to accommodate the rising freight and passenger demand because of the inefficient utilization of the rail network and Rail assets are being used inefficiently. This is predicted to cause train congestion. executives to design better and more efficient train systems efficiently. Indian Railways' passenger reservation system is one of the most extensive in the world. Approximately one million passengers travel with Indian Airlines every day in reserved accommodations. Another sixteen million passengers use unreserved flights. Railways in India It are a huge job to navigate this large structure. We have investigated several aspects of implementing smart computing in reservation models for railway networks.

The Fluctuation Characteristics and Periodic Patterns of Potato Prices in China

The aim of this paper was to provide a more scientific and effective analysis of the fluctuation pattern of the Chinese potato market by extracting the characteristics of the price fluctuation cycle to effectively grasp the characteristics of price changes in the potato market, thus promoting the stable and healthy development of the Chinese potato industry, and to expand the application scenarios of the EEMD model to provide a reference for the study of price fluctuation patterns in other agricultural markets. This study used an ensemble empirical modal decomposition (EEMD) model to examine time-series data on Chinese wholesale potato market prices from January 2005 to December 2021. The results showed that (1) Chinese wholesale potato market prices are characterized by some rigidity, with sharp changes in growth rates; (2) Chinese wholesale potato market prices are dominated by short- and medium-term fluctuations, and the decomposed components can better reflect the characteristics of the original series fluctuations; (3) Chinese wholesale potato market monthly prices have long- and short-term fluctuations with a 6- and 19-month cycle, and are dominated by short-term high-frequency fluctuations; (4) monthly price fluctuations in the Chinese wholesale potato market are more intense in high-frequency than low-frequency fluctuations, and there is a strong correlation between high- and low-frequency fluctuations in precipitation, temperature and potato prices. Finally, suggestions were made for creating and improving a national potato price information platform and strengthening the information early warning mechanism; improving the potato production interest linkage mechanism and enhancing potato farmers’ ability to cope with market and natural risks; and improving the potato reserve system and potato storage facilities.

Railway Reservation System using PHP

The railway reservation system is a web-based application that allows users to search for trains, book tickets, and make reservations online. In this project, we have developed a railway reservation system using PHP and MySQL. The system provides a user-friendly interface for users to search for trains, view train schedules, and book tickets. The system is designed to automate the ticket booking process and reduce the workload of railway staff. Users can register and login to the system to search for trains, view train schedules, and book tickets. The system also allows users to cancel their reservations if necessary. The system is implemented using PHP as the server-side scripting language and MySQL as the database management system. The system is designed to be scalable and secure, with features such as user authentication, session management, and data encryption. Overall, the railway reservation system using PHP is a useful application that can help to streamline the ticket booking process and improve the efficiency of railway operations. It can also provide users with a convenient and reliable way to make reservations and travel by train.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE AND TRAIN BUS TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR A TRANSPORTATION SERVICE INMUMBAI (QUICK-BT)

The use of bus traveling is a large growing business in India and other countries; the manual use of bus reservation is presently very strenuous and also consumes a lot of time by having to stay on a long queue. For this reason, an efficient system is to be proposed in this paper to ease the issue of bus reservation amongst indigenes within the country. The system is a web – based application that allows visitors to check bus availability, buy and pay bus ticket online. In order to achieve the design, Bombay Electric Supply & Transport (BEST) was chosen as a case study because of its strategic importance. Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) will be adopted. In this paper, the proposed bus reservation system was developed using Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Structure Query Language (SQL), Ajax, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), and JavaScript. This document gives formatting instructions for authors

CRS (Computer Reservation Systems) like Ticketmaster shifting to nuanced Data Models and NoSQL Architectures

Abstract - This paper examines the paradigm shift from RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems) to NoSQL (Not Only SQL) databases in the context of Computer Reservation Systems (CRS) such as Ticketmaster. CRS are systems that handle travel-related service bookings such as airline tickets, car rentals, and hotel reservations. Ticketmaster, a leading company in the online ticket booking industry, has adopted NoSQL databases and other distributed database solutions to improve its platform’s scalability, flexibility, and performance. This paper discusses the advantages of NoSQL databases over RDBMS, specifically in the areas of scalability, flexibility, performance, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, this paper proposes a wide-column store database as the most suitable type of NoSQL database for a CRS such as Ticketmaster. The advantages of a wide-column store database include horizontal scaling, schema-free data modelling, high-performance read-and-write operations, and cost-effectiveness.

Restaurant Management System

Abstract: The project focuses on developing an Android application that allows customers to easily book tables and menus of their choice at a restaurant according to their convenience. The traditional manual system for table reservations in restaurants is becoming obsolete, and digital systems are gaining popularity. The manual system relies on waiters and booking diaries, with no automated record-keeping. Main objective of the project is creating the Reservation System that addresses the shortcomings of the manual system, such as inefficiencies in time and cost management.

The Moderating Effects of Consumer Behavior in the Relationship between Consumer Perception of the Beauty Salon Reservation System and Revisit Intention

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence on the moderating effect of consumer behavior in the relationship between consumer perception of the beauty salon reservation system and revisit intention. The questionnaire copies collected from 298 study subjects residing in the Daejeon area were used as the final analysis data, and such data was analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 27.0 program and PROCESS macro. The study results were as follows: First, it was confirmed that consumer perception had a significant positive influence on beauty salon revisit intention. Namely, it was confirmed that beauty salon revisit intention increases as consumer perception of the beauty salon reservation system increases. Second, it was confirmed that consumer perception had a significant positive influence on consumer behavior. Namely, it was confirmed that consumer behavior increases as consumer perception of the beauty salon reservation system increases. Third, it was confirmed that consumer behavior had a significant positive influence on revisit intention. Namely, it was confirmed that beauty salon revisit intention increases as consumer behavior increases.

Flight Reservation System

Flight Reservation System