Korea Research Research Articles

국내 에너지 안보 분야의 연구동향과 과제

정보통신기술의 발달로 전력 의존도가 높아지며 에너지에 대한 관심과 중요성이 더해지고 있다. 먼저 1970년대 석유파동으로 에너지에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 에너지의 안정적 공급과 적정가격 유지는 국가의 존립과 관련된 문제라는 인식에서 에너지 안보 개념이 대두되었고, 2000년대 들어 공급과 가격뿐만 아니라 환경, 에너지 빈곤 등 다양한 차원과 의미로 에너지 안보가 해석되고 있다. 본 연구는 에너지 안보의 다차원성과 다의성이라는 특성에서 파생되는 다양한 주제를 활용하여 국내 에너지 안보 분야의 연구동향과 특성을 규명하고 발전방향을 제시하고자, 국내 에너지 안보 문헌을 주요 주제에 따라 유형화한 후 해외 에너지 안보 연구에 대한 유형화 결과와 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 국내 연구는 ‘에너지 가용성’과 ‘거버넌스’ 차원에 주로 초점을 두고 있고, 에너지 안보 지표나 지수를 제시하는 정량적 연구의 비율이 낮으며, 이론적 연구나 전통적 의미의 안보이론을 활용한 연구는 거의 이뤄지지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

국내 서양사학계의 환경사 연구 경향과 전망

The purpose of this thesis is to review from a historical perspective how Western historians in Korea have been studying Western environmental history. Western historians in Korea have produced quite a lot of research results in various areas and various topics in this field. As a result of review, these research results could be largely classified into three categories: ⑴ introductory research, ⑵ empirical research, and ⑶ interpretation research. Looking at the proportion, it was mostly focused on empirical research. Among the majority of excellent papers, there were also many papers of poor quality. The biggest problem is the lack of quantitative results due to the absolute lack of environmental history researchers. At the same time, the concentration of researchers who account for the majority of Western environmental history research in Korea by German history researchers is also emerging as a serious problem. This research trend is expected to continue in the future. It is hoped that Western history researchers in Korea will increase their interest in and research on environmental history.

“K‐synthesis”: Recent advancements in natural product synthesis enabled by unique methods and strategies development in Korea

AbstractNatural product synthesis has lain at the heart of organic chemistry. Complex structures of natural products have inspired chemists to develop new methods and strategies. The utility and robustness of newly developed methodologies have been tested by their application into total synthesis. With the necessity to establish a solid health‐related and biomedical Korean industrial ecosystem, a historically belittled sector when compared to well‐invested manufacturing and electronics industries in Korea, there has been enormous recent progress in the Korean organic chemical research. Accordingly, impressive syntheses of complex secondary metabolites that feature unique tactics and ingenious strategies have been reported by synthetic organic chemists in Korea. Herein, recent advancements (mostly after 2010) in natural product synthesis from Korea are depicted. Representative accomplishments from researchers in Korea are presented with an emphasis on unique methods and strategies that are utilized into their synthetic approaches.

The Korean undiagnosed diseases program phase I: expansion of the nationwide network and the development of long-term infrastructure

BackgroundPhase I of the Korean Undiagnosed Diseases Program (KUDP), performed for 3 years, has been completed. The Phase I program aimed to solve the problem of undiagnosed patients throughout the country and develop infrastructure, including a data management system and functional core laboratory, for long-term translational research. Herein, we share the clinical experiences of the Phase I program and introduce the activities of the functional core laboratory and data management system.ResultsDuring the program (2018–2020), 458 patients were enrolled and classified into 3 groups according to the following criteria: (I) those with a specific clinical assessment which can be verified by direct testing (32 patients); (II) those with a disease group with genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity (353 patients); and (III) those with atypical presentations or diseases unknown to date (73 patients). All patients underwent individualized diagnostic processes based on the decision of an expert consortium. Confirmative diagnoses were obtained for 242 patients (52.8%). The diagnostic yield was different for each group: 81.3% for Group I, 53.3% for Group II, and 38.4% for Group III. Diagnoses were made by next-generation sequencing for 204 patients (84.3%) and other genetic testing for 35 patients (14.5%). Three patients (1.2%) were diagnosed with nongenetic disorders. The KUDP functional core laboratory, with a group of experts, organized a streamlined research pipeline covering various resources, including animal models, stem cells, structural modeling and metabolic and biochemical approaches. Regular data review was performed to screen for candidate genes among undiagnosed patients, and six different genes were identified for functional research. We also developed a web-based database system that supports clinical cohort management and provides a matchmaker exchange protocol based on a matchbox, likely to reinforce the nationwide clinical network and further international collaboration.ConclusionsThe KUDP evaluated the unmet needs of undiagnosed patients and established infrastructure for a data-sharing system and future functional research. The advancement of the KUDP may lead to sustainable bench-to-bedside research in Korea and contribute to ongoing international collaboration.

English learner corpora and research in Korea

The interest in the exploitation of corpora in the study of Korean L2 learners’ use of English has risen dramatically over the past two decades, leading to the compilation of learner corpora and to numerous empirical investigations into Korean learners’ use of English. This paper will give an overview of the compilation and characteristics of English learner corpora in Korea and will also provide an analysis of the recent trends in learner corpus research. It was not until the mid-2000s that Korean academics started to compile English learner corpora, such as the snu Korean-speaking English Learner Corpus (skelc), the Yonsei English Learner Corpus (yelc), the Gachon Learner Corpus (glc), the Neungyule Interlanguage Corpus of Korean Learners of English (nickle), the efl Teacher Corpus (etc), the Korean English Learners’ Spoken Corpus (kelsc) and the ets Corpus of Non-native Written English (TOEFL11). There have also been a growing number of learner corpus-based studies that used the existing learner corpora as well as self-compiled corpus data. All the learner corpus-based research articles published in two Korean academic journals ( English Teaching and Korean Journal of Applied Linguistics) will be reviewed and analysed in terms of research topics and areas, data types, analysis methods and corpus compilation practices. Finally, this paper will suggest some future directions for learner corpus compilation and research in Korea.

Research Trends of Spirituality on Counseling Research in Korea

본 연구의 목적은 상담연구에서의 영성에 관한 국내 연구 동향을 파악하고 이와 관련된 연구가 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 2001년부터 2021년까지 국내 학술지에 게재된 상담과 영성에 관한 연구 총 67편을 대상으로 발행연도 및 학술지 현황, 연구대상, 연구방법 및 연구유형, 관련변인, 측정도구를 분석하였다. 그 연구결과 첫째, 상담에서 영성에 관한 연구들은 2011년부터 꾸준하게 양적으로 증가하였고 상담관련 학술지 뿐 아니라 타 학술지에서도 게재물이 늘어난 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 연구대상은 성인이 가장 많았고 다음으로는 대학생과 상담자 순으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구방법에서는 양적연구가 질적연구에 비해 많았고 가장 많은 연구유형은 관계변인 연구였다. 영성이 영향을 미치는 종속변인으로는 삶의 질/만족 범주가 가장 높았으며 영성에 영향을 주는 독립변인으로는 자기관련 특성, 스트레스, 일/진로관련 특성이 있었다. 넷째, 영성과 관련된 측정도구는 국외연구자가 개발한 척도를 번안하여 사용한 비율이 국내연구자들이 개발한 척도를 사용하는 비율보다 높긴 하였으나 최근에 들어서는 국내연구자들 이 영성척도를 직접 개발하는 추세를 보이고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 상담에서의 영성에 대한 연구가 나아갈 방향과 추가적으로 제안하고자 하는 연구주제에 대하여 논의하였다.

Improvement and Observation of Condensation Particle Counter in Atmospheric Research Aircraft NARA for Condensation Particle Research in Korea

Improvement and Observation of Condensation Particle Counter in Atmospheric Research Aircraft NARA for Condensation Particle Research in Korea

韓中美 중국어교육 애플리케이션 관련 연구 현황 분석

As the era of Covid-19 provoked the demand for online learning environments, research on the use of IT technologies in the teaching of Chinese is also drawing attention. This paper presents an overview of studies on mobile applications for learning Chinese in Korea, China, and the U.S.. This study aims to identify the current status of research on mobile applications for learning Chinese in Korea, and suggests directions for further research. In the review, a total of 135 studies were closely examined based on the year of publication, the subject, the method, and the research topic. After this, the features and overall flow of research in each country was identified. The necessity of revitalizing related research in Korea was highlighted. To this end, this study recommends actively conducting research, specifying the characteristics of the research subject, and extending the general process in studies of mobile applications for learning Chinese. This study expects Chinese education research on using various technologies to be further discussed.

일본 전근대] 연구 주제의 다양성을 넘어 내용의 심화로: 일본 전근대사 연구의 동향과 과제

This article examines recent research trends in Japanese pre-modern history from 2020 to 2021 and the following tendencies are noticed :BR Firstly, themes have become more diversified. Researchers have the ability to use more various primary sources and interpret them properly. As a result, their research were further intensified.BR Secondly, Researchers’ perspectives have been broadened. Research achievements that transcend time and region limits has increased.BR Thirdly, an attempt is made to analyze the relationship between Korea and Japan from the viewpoint of “ocean” or “ocean area”BR Fourth, traditional and core themes of Japanese history research in Korea have reached to a stage that can be named as a “Korean-style Japanese history research”.BR Finally, studies of ancient Japanese history and the Edo period by Japanese researchers are steadily increasing.BR Based on the research methods and achievements accumulated so far, it is expected that the study of Japanese pre-modern history will advance and mature.

Current and Future Perspectives of HIV Prevention Research Among Young Sexual Minority Men in South Korea.

Social stigma within Korean society hinders structural efforts to reduce HIV disparities among sexual minority men (SMM). To date, however, there have been limited intervention efforts to reduce HIV disparities among SMM in Korea. Therefore, the current mixed-methods study (n = 180) explored young Korean SMM’s perspectives on the acceptability of HIV prevention mHealth interventions to inform effective strategies for future intervention studies. We then analyzed participants’ comments and suggestions on HIV research and examined associations with the acceptability of mHealth interventions. Through our textual coding and analysis, we identified four primary themes for comments and suggestions for HIV research in Korea: the centrality of stigma, health service accessibility, informational accessibility, and cultural adaptation. Our study suggests culturally adapted HIV intervention addressing stigma, health service accessibility, and information accessibility and mHealth interventions disseminating information and resources for stigmatized young SMM in Korea.

Measures to Use Electroceuticals and Secure Social Reliability in Korea: A Narrative Review.

The purpose of this study was to present a plan for utilizing electroceuticals to secure social reliability in Korea by investigating and analyzing the trends of humanities and social science research in Korea regarding electroceuticals. The present situation of academic papers in the fields of humanities and social sciences that had researched electroceuticals in Korea and the topics that were directly related to electroceuticals had been reviewed and analyzed. Regarding researches related to electroceuticals in the fields of humanities and social sciences in Korea, they were insufficient quantitatively. Qualitatively, they had leaned too much toward theoretical and abstract discourses regarding neuroethics and neurophilosophy. If researches in the fields of humanities and social sciences known to play a role in preparing practical guidelines could be carried out sufficiently while preparing a base for solving actual problems raised by electroceuticals, they could actually help plan a specific electroceuticals policy and a law to secure social reliability. Among principles of general life medical ethics (principles of biomedical ethics), when considering the principle of justice, the investment by the Korean government regarding research and development of electroceuticals, the rationalization of electroceuticals regulations, the application of electroceuticals of public health insurance benefit, and voluntary efforts of electroceuticals corporations are important in order to have strong plans for securing the social reliability of electroceuticals.

Time to Focus on Positivity: Integrating a Positive Psychology Perspective into EFL Research in Korea

The purpose of this paper was to introduce positive psychology, to the fields of SLA and English education in Korea. Positive psychology investigates how people flourish and seeks the virtues and strengths of humans. It focuses on the factors enabling people and their communities to thrive, instead of focusing on psychological disorders and abnormalities, longstanding issues of general psychology. Its three main research topics include positive emotions, traits, and institutions, all of which have relevance to SLA and L2 education. This paper examined how these topics have been approached in SLA. Much attention has focused on positive emotions, particularly, enjoyment, which has gained momentum in recent years with publications. Empirical studies of the impacts of positive emotions on L2 learning were reviewed with discussion of enjoyment. The paper concludes by discussing directions for future research, applying positive psychology to Korean EFL contexts.

Teaching Qalitative Methodologies as Praxis: Five Tales from South Korea

Informed by Patti Lather’s notion of ‘research as praxis,’ the purpose of this article is to provide the meaning of teaching qualitative research in South Korea wherein whose academic culture has been highly influenced, if not dominated, by the West. In this respect, the authors conceptualize the experiences of teaching qualitative research to undergraduate and graduate students in South Korea. For this study, we employed a critical incident technique that summarizes and describes the data in a useful manner, while at the same time sacrificing as little as possible of their comprehensiveness, specificity, and validity. Three authors have collected stories, experiences, and reflections on teaching qualitative methodologies, and then categorized their reflections of these experiences. The stories the authors tell entail five themes as follows; teaching qualitative research as (a) dangerous practice, (b) painful practice, (c) horrifying practice, (d) educative practice, and (e) brave practice. Each practice, as a metaphor, illuminate the meanings of the practices of teaching qualitative research in South Korea. The authors conclude the article with questions to provoke Korean researchers to rethink and reflect on their practices of teaching and conducting qualitative research in the Korean context and beyond. In doing so, the authors intend to contribute to the international discourse of teaching qualitative research which embraces various experiences and interpretations within different contexts.

A Pilot Study for Development of a Gender Variable Model for Health Research in Korea

Background: For gendered innovations to be streamlined in health research, researchers need tools to measure gender variables quantitatively. Because gender is a sociocultural concept which varies by culture, it is important to check feasibility of using tools developed in western countries before using them in Korea. The objective of this study is to conduct a pilot study for adapting a questionnaire measuring gender variables from the literature for the Korean population.Methods: The research was conducted in two steps: 1) modification of questionnaire by an expert group, and 2) an on-line survey of 3,000 adults, in three age groups, balanced in sex. The questionnaire was composed of 7 gender variables with 2 to 6 items, constituting a total of 24 5-point Likert scale items. Gender variable scores were calculated as the average of Z-scores of items pertaining to each variable.Results: Participants were 45.6% men, 43.9% women, and 10.5% other gender. Scores of five gender variables-caregiver tension, work tension, independence, emotional intelligence, and discrimination-were significantly different among sex and gender groups. Among gender variables, work strain, caregiver strain, and discrimination had notable influences on health status and health-related behaviors among survey participants.Conclusions: Several gender variables were related to health status and health behaviors in Korean adults. This is the first attempt in Korea to quantify gender characteristics to be used for health research. Further studies are needed to verify the questionnaire and methods developed in this study for use with diagnosed disease outcomes.

Abstract 6038: Target therapeutics evaluation using patient-derived organoids from breast cancer

Abstract Purpose: Patient-derived organoid (PDO) is emerging tool for drug sensitivity evaluation. Organoid technology has revolutionized the study of human organ development, disease and therapy response tailored to the individual. Therefore, we set up conditions for breast cancer PDOs and establish an in vitro drug evaluation system for future therapeutic approaches. Methods: All specimens were collected from histologically confirmed breast cancer patients after obtaining IRB approval from the National Cancer Center (NCC2017-0146, NCC2020-0299) under patient’s informed consent. Fifty-four patient samples obtained from surgery or biopsy were delivered to the laboratory within 1-2 hours for organoid establishment. All process for cell isolation from human tissues, criteria of successful culture and passaging, quality control (QC), producing genomic and histologic data were adjusted to make standard operating procedure. For long-term cultured PDOs, we tested 30 drugs including kinase inhibitor or standard therapeutic drugs with concentration from 0.001uM to 100uM using 384well plate and the results were analyzed with AUC data with bortezomib as a control. Results: We optimized organoids culture conditions for breast cancer tissues. Total of 54 tissues included disease subtypes as following: hormone positive (n=32), HER2 positive (n=2), triple-negative (n=19), and other (n=1). Nine organoids were successfully long term cultured over 5 passages and 4 were successfully cryopreserved. Clinic characteristics (TNM stages, subtypes, and disease status) showed no significant association with success of organoid establishment. Also, we confirmed that organoids had similar characteristics to the patients tissue through histological data (H&E, ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, and CK-19). Measurement of AUC values for tested drugs showed variety range which implicates different drug sensitivity of each organoid. Currently, genetic information of long-term cultured organoid is ongoing with comparative analysis of drug sensitivity. Conclusions: We have established breast cancer organoids which reflect molecular characteristics of the original tumor. This model will serve as the system that can recapitulate drug response profiles of human cancer, and pave the way for screening innovative drugs, identifying novel targets, and stratifying patients for pertinent therapeutic options. (This work was supported by National Cancer Center, Korea (No.2010120) and National Research Foundation of Korea grant, funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020M3A9A5036362)) Citation Format: Hyunjin Kim, So-Youn Jung, Sung Hoon Sim, Hee Jung Chae, Yun-Hee Kim, Yena Kim, Eun Gyeoung Lee, Seeyoun Lee, Jai Hong Han, Young Mi Kwon, Eun Sook Lee, Keun Seok Lee, Sun-Young Kong. Target therapeutics evaluation using patient-derived organoids from breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6038.

원인을 모르는 말소리장애의 하위유형 분류 및 진단 표지에 관한 문헌 고찰

A review regarding indicators used in Korean research is needed to develop a diagnostic marker system for Korean children with speech sound disorders (SSD). This literature review examined the research conducted to reveal the characteristics of children with SSD of unknown origin in Korea. The researchers in Korea used diverse variables as indicators to identify the natures of children with SSD. These included indicators related to external characteristics of speech sound and comorbid features other than external aspects of speech sound. The attention has been focused on specific indicators so far. This result implies that some indicators may still require closer study in various aspects due to their influence, and some may require more attention due to the limited number of research. This article argues that more research is necessary to comprehensively describe the unique characteristics of children with SSD of unknown origin and suggests a direction for future research regarding diagnostic markers and subtype classification of SSD. It also proposes potential diagnostic markers and a set of assessments for the subtype classification of SSD.

A Comparative Study of Trends in Peace Education Research in Korea and Japan

이 연구는 한국과 일본의 평화교육 연구에 나타난 특징을 밝히기 위해 두 나라의 평화교육 연구 동향을 분석, 비교하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 학술연구정보서비스(RISS)에서 키워드로 ‘평화교육’(한국)과 ‘平和敎育’(일본)을 각각 입력하여 추출된 한국과 일본의 학술논문을 중심으로 검토하여 양국의 평화교육 연구에 나타난 특징을 밝혔다. 이때 연구 방법으로는 KH Coder를 활용하였다. 그 결과 다음의 네 가지 특징을 도출할 수 있었다. 첫째, 한국과 일본의 평화교육 연구는 양적으로 다르나, 연대별 추이는 유사하다. 둘째, 평화교육을 조명하는 연구 프레임이 한국과 일본에서 상이하게 나타났다. 한국에서는 종교와 통일 관련 평화교육 연구가 주축을 이루고 있는 반면 일본에서는 전쟁, 국제, 오키나와, 실천과 관련된 연구가 많이 이루어졌다. 셋째, 한국과 일본 모두 시기에 따른 연구 패턴에 변화가 나타나고 있다. 한국에서는 평화교육 연구를 종교적인 맥락에서 도입하여 점차 분단 상황을 극복하고자 하는 통일교육의 맥락으로 전개 양상이 전환되었다. 전쟁 중심의 평화교육 연구를 하고 있는 일본은 중반기의 ‘과제’ 중심 연구에서 후반기로 갈수록 ‘실천’ 중심의 평화교육 연구로 옮겨가고 있었다. 마지막으로 한국의 통일 중심 평화교육 연구는 주로 도덕과를 중심으로 이루어진 반면 일본의 전쟁 중심 평화교육 연구는 사회과를 중심으로 이루어졌다. 연구 성과에 비추어 볼 때 양국 모두 민족과 국가적인 이해관계를 기반으로 한 평화교육이 전개되고 있어, 한국과 일본은 자국에 갇힌 형태의 평화교육에서 벗어나 보다 열린 형태의 평화교육으로 나아가야 하는 공통의 과제가 드러났다.

Soil management priorities in Korea

Objectives of modern agriculture in Korea can be summarized as follows: increasing crop productivity, conserving environmental quality, and mitigating climate change. Sustainable soil management is the key driver for accomplishing these goals by enhancing soil ecosystem services and decreasing soil threats. Soils in Korea, face ever-increasing threats, such as erosion, pollution, sealing, compaction, losses in soil organic matter and biodiversity, and climate change (Kopittke et al., 2021). The soil research in Korea thus focuses on reducing these soil threats. Efforts include soil erosion control, prevention of soil pollution, reduction of inorganic fertilizer applications, mitigating of GHG emissions, and increasing soil carbon sequestration. The Korean government has prepared action plans for these targets, including integrating policies with technology development and requiring farmers' compliance.

Semiotics in South Korea: history and research trends

Abstract Semiotic studies in South Korea have a relatively short history; nevertheless, they enjoy a rapid development from a high starting point, so their research scale and insightful perspectives should not be underestimated. The introduction of “structuralist theory” in the late 1960s paved the way for Korean semiotics to enter the academic arena ideologically and theoretically. In the process of following the international trend of semiotic research, Korean semiotics has also formed its own characteristics. After over 40 years of development, it has become an important part of the world’s semiotic studies. It has experienced three historical stages, namely, the budding period (1974–1983), the steady development period (1984–1993), and the comprehensive advancement period (1994–present). The current Korean semiotics presents obvious new trends as follows: conducting cross-regional integration research, highlighting the national characteristic culture, and focusing on the current application of research. First, Korean scholars switched their focus to East Asia, and emphasized the presentness and application of related research while focusing on the combination of semiotics with traditional cultural classics and cultural heritage. Second, in terms of the field of study, Korean semiotics has expanded across multiple fields such as linguistics, literature, aesthetics, philosophy, communication and traditional culture, music, dance, film, architecture, design, and so forth. Finally, in terms of studying the application of semiotics, it has already reached a considerable scale and depth. Although semiotic research in Korea still needs continuous efforts in enhancing theoretical depth and rigor, it has created a wide development space and displayed unlimited potential in terms of innovation of research perspectives and novelty of ideas.

KSNM60: The History of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences in Korea.

A number of researchers in Korea have tried to set-up the production of radionuclides and develop new radiopharmaceuticals for several decades. Thanks to their 60-year endeavor to advance the field of radiopharmaceutical sciences, now we have a lot of research units and facilities in Korea. Still, there are huge number of issues to be solved in radiopharmaceutical sciences; however, our efforts will be continued to develop new radiopharmaceuticals and to apply the new radiopharmaceuticals into nuclear medicine field.