Library Research Research Articles

Dialog Hukum Adat dan Islam: Kritik Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Terhadap Sistem Waris di Minangkabau

This research discusses the two main forces influencing Minangkabau society, namely custom and religion. The matrilineal system practiced in Minangkabau has significant differences compared to the Islamic kinship system, particularly in terms of inheritance distribution. These differences often become a source of conflict and academic interest, especially among scholars of Islamic law. One figure who firmly opposes the customary inheritance system in Minangkabau is Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, a prominent scholar who served as Imam, Khatib, and teacher in Mecca. This study employs a library research approach with a descriptive analytical method to explore Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's critiques of the prevailing inheritance system. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib argues that customary practices that divert inheritance to nephews rather than biological children contradict Islamic principles. He even equates this action with consuming the wealth of orphans, a deed prohibited in Islam. During his time, there was ambiguity regarding the ownership status of property in Minangkabau society whether it belonged to a father or was property of the clan managed by the niniak mamak. When a father passed away, the inheritance that should rightfully go to biological children often ended up with nephews, leading to injustice. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's sharp criticism emphasizes the need for reform in the customary inheritance system to align it with Islamic law and protect the rights of children, thereby reducing conflict and injustice in Minangkabau society in the future.

Effectiveness of Employee Training and Development in Increasing Productivity and Innovation in Multinational Companies

This study explores the effectiveness of employee training and development in enhancing productivity and innovation within multinational companies. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this research employs literature review and library research to analyze existing studies and theoretical frameworks related to employee development strategies. The findings indicate that well-structured training programs significantly contribute to increased employee performance, job satisfaction, and overall organizational productivity. Moreover, continuous professional development fosters a culture of innovation by equipping employees with the necessary skills to adapt to rapidly changing market demands. The review highlights various training methodologies, including on-the-job training, mentoring, and e-learning, demonstrating their impact on enhancing workforce capabilities. Additionally, the study underscores thae importance of aligning training initiatives with organizational goals to maximize effectiveness. This research contributes to the understanding of how employee development can serve as a strategic tool for multinational companies seeking to maintain a competitive edge in the global market. Recommendations for future research include examining the long-term effects of specific training programs on employee retention and organizational success. Overall, this study emphasizes the critical role of employee training and development in driving productivity and innovation in multinational corporations.

Analisis Kondisi Keuangan Pemerintah Kota Sibolga Tahun 2018-2022

This research was aimed to know financial condition of government Sibolga for the years 2018-2022 from efficiency of PAD ratio, effectiveness of PAD ratio, expenditure compatibility ratio and Financial Dependency Ratio. The research used is analitical descriptive. The data collection techniques used in this research were field research and library research. Descriptive and ratio analysis was used to appraise efficiency of PAD ratio, effectiveness of PAD ratio, , expenditure compatibility ratio and Financial Dependency Ratio. The result of this research pointed that (1) efficiency of PAD ratio of Sibolga for each year was 1,59% in average which mean efficiency of PAD was already efficient. (2) The Government of Sibolga is still less effective in managing PAD with an average effectiveness ratio of 76.20%. (3) the highest ratio results from operating expenditures is 85,89% in 2021 and the lowest ratio in 2018 is 77,58%. The highest ratio of capital expenditures to the total expenditure is 22,39% in 2018 and the lowest ratio in 2019 is 14,04%. The Government of Sibolga still prioritizes operational expenditure compared to capital expenditure.(4) Financial Dependency Ratio of Sibolga government during 2018-2022 is 83.88% categorized very high, this condition shows the dependency level of Sibolga Goeverment is very high to the central government.

Academic and Research Libraries in Italy from Past to Future

Abstract In Italy academic and research libraries were invigorated in the 1990s and again in the 2000s. These years include the automation of catalogues, the development of the National Library Service (SBN), the birth of consortia to deal with organizational and management needs introduced by the digital library with the birth of the World Wide Web and the paradigm shift from ownership to access. The article outlines the main stages of this path at a technological, organizational, legislative, and professional development level up to more recent times in which the vitality of those years seems increasingly more difficult to achieve, despite being crucial to face the challenges raised by the growing complexity of the digital information context.

Analysis of Monetary policy in Muslim Majority Countries: Tunisia

This research aims to analyze the monetary policy of Tunisia, a country with a Muslim-majority population, from both conventional and Islamic perspectives. Monetary policy, under the responsibility of the Central Bank, seeks to maintain currency stability and ensure overall economic strength. Islamic monetary policy specifically incorporates principles such as the prohibition of usury (riba), currency stability, the avoidance of excessive speculation, promoting productive financing, distributive justice, inflation control, and transparency. Tunisia, with its majority Muslim population, provides an interesting case for examining how Islamic principles are reflected—or not—in its monetary policy. This study employs a descriptive qualitative methodology, utilizing secondary data from library research, including websites and scientific journal articles. The findings show that Tunisia's monetary policy has a significant impact on economic indicators such as price stability, currency value, and overall economic growth, contributing to benefits like increased employment, higher purchasing power, improved investment levels, and sustainable economic prosperity. Key tools include interest rates, open market operations, reserve requirements, foreign currency interventions, selective credit policies, and macroprudential regulations.

The Notable Japanese Collections Dashboard Project: Unexpected Treasures and Opportunities for Collaboration

Abstract The Notable Japanese Collections in North America (NJC) is a digital collection discovery initiative and tool that identifies and promotes distinctive Japanese Studies collections in North America. Now entering its third year, this online database has amassed 250 print and digital collections sourced from college and research libraries and other cultural heritage institutions across the continent. Although far from complete, it already provides the most extensive list of print and digitized collections in the United States and Canada. This essay delves into the inception, collaborative journey, and long-term objectives of the NJC and culminates by spotlighting some of the fascinating holdings of its various repositories, spanning premodern to modern and contemporary periods.

Konsep Administrasi Pendidikan

This paper explains the concept of educational administration which is a support for achieving educational goals effectively and efficiently. Administration in education that is orderly and organized is needed to improve the ability to manage education for principals and teachers. The purpose of this paper is to explain the meaning, urgency, purpose, function, process and scope of educational administration. The research method used in this research uses the library research method, namely research based on processed manuscripts (manuscript studies), facts and primary and secondary data (supporting data) related to the focus of the research. The results of this study indicate that educational administration is essentially a tool to achieve optimal educational goals. Because the school is a sub-system of the national education system. The educational administration process includes the functions of organizational planning, coordination, communication, supervision, financing supervision, and evaluation. All these functions are very closely related to each other.

The Concept Of Implementing Active Learning Strategies In Islamic Religious Education Learning

This study aims to elaborate the concept of active learning strategy implementation in Islamic religious education learning, which will be divided into three main discussions, including: 1) the definition of active learning strategies; 2) components and supporting factors of active learning strategies; 3) various methods in active learning strategies; and 4) implementation of active learning strategies in Islamic religious education learning. This research uses a library research approach, to analyze the concept of implementing active learning strategies in Islamic religious education learning in Mel Silberman's book, Active Learning: 101 Strategies To Teach Any Subject. Data collection was carried out using documentation techniques, which were then analyzed inductively. The results showed that active learning strategy is a learning approach that invites students to engage directly through real experiences, empowering them to learn actively in various ways and strategies. Components such as experience, interaction, communication, and reflection are key in implementing active learning strategies. Factors such as teacher attitude and behavior play an important role in supporting active learning. The book "Active Learning: 101 Strategies To Teach Any Subject" by Silberman presents various strategies that can be adapted, including in the context of Islamic religious education learning, such as group resume method, learning starts with a question, information search, quiz team, everyone is a teacher here, and jigsaw learning. All of these will create a learning environment that motivates, engages, and improves students' understanding in Islamic religious education learning.

Lemahnya Karakter Anak Bangsa di Era Globalisasi

Character education is something that important to be instilled in the nation's successors so that they can be intelligent in thinking, appreciation in the form of attitudes, and experience of their identity. in thinking, appreciation in the form of attitudes, and experience of their identity, manifested in interactions with God, self, others and the environment. environment. The purpose of this paper is to find out the causes of weakening the character of character in Indonesia and the efforts that can be made to strengthen character education in schools. character education in schools. The research method used in this study uses library research method, which is research based on processed manuscripts (manuscript study), facts and primary and secondary data (supporting data) related to the research focus. with the focus of the research. The results of this study show that the causes of the weakening of the character of students in Indonesia consists of several factors, namely the factors of parents, schools, society and society. from parents, schools, society and social media. The efforts to strengthen character education in schools can be done with four forms of integration, namely integration in subjects, integration through subjects, integration through P5 learning, integration through habituation, and integration through extracurricular activities. and integration through extracurricular activities.

Analysis of the Saluni Santri Dictionary from Dr. Ali Al-Qasimy’s Perspective

The existence of the components of dictionary preparation that have been proposed by experts in the field can be used as a benchmark in assessing the ideal dictionary. This research aims to analyze the existence of the components in the Santri Saluni Dictionary by using Dr. Ali Al-Qasimy's perspective. The method used in this research is library research with descriptive characteristics. The results of the study found that the Santri Saluni Dictionary meets 16 of the 25 components proposed by Dr. Ali Al-Qasimy. These components are: a.) the initial part: the purpose of preparing the dictionary, the sources used, the background of the preparation, instructions for using the dictionary, grammar guidelines, the amount of material in the dictionary, the meaning of symbols, and also other information in the form of print and publisher info, and table of contents, b.) the main part: the font used, the column model, phonetic information, morphological information, semantic information, and examples of word usage, c.) the final part: table components, bibliography and brief information about the dictionary on the back cover.

Implementasi Pendekatan Komunikatif (Communication Approach) Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbahasa Arab

<p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>The approach can be interpreted in English is (approach), which is a statement of establishment, philosophy and belief. Communicative means being able to convey messages well. The communicative approach is a language learning approach that emphasizes the mastery of language skills than language structure Language is a means of communication with each other, so that if someone does communication interaction, of course, must understand each other the object being discussed so that the goals to be achieved will be more directed towards their goals. However, if the interaction is not communicative because it does not understand what is being discussed because it does not understand the language used, causing the expected goals will not be achieved. Language is considered as a skill, not science, so language skills should be able to include four things, namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing. And one of the characteristics of these skills is to be done by continuous training. If one of the methods used previously is a direct method (direct method), then this method is updated so that it becomes an audiolingual method</em><em>.</em><em> The writing of this article aims to describe the application of a communicative approach through various learning methods in Arabic learning to increase language disappearances. The method used is the library research method originating from various library sources. The results of this writing indicate that methods that emphasize more to listening and speaking skills.</em><em> Speaking skills are one type of language ability to be achieved in teaching Arabic. And in essence is a meter of reproducing the flow of the sound system of articulation to convey the will, the needs of feelings, and desires to others. Exercise in Arabic language so that students are able to communicate well and correctly with others. Starting the practice of speaking is based on the ability to listen, the ability to mastery vocabulary and courage to reveal what is in his mind.</em></p>

Makna Huruf ‘Āmilah (Huruf Tujarru Ism Wahid) Dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Kesimpulan Hukum Kitab Bulûghul Marām

<p style="text-align: justify;">Letters play a crucial role in learning nahwu (Arabic syntax) to understand Arabic grammar, particularly in meaning analysis. Previous studies, such as those by Al-Khatib, examined the role of prepositions (huruf jar) in Arabic syntax, while Al-Jundi explored how these letters affect the grammatical status of verbs and sentence meaning. This article analyzes the meanings of huruf al-‘amilah (governing letters) concerning those governing a single noun (huruf tujarru ism wahid) and their influence on legal conclusions in Bulughul Maraam: Bab Thaharah by Al-Hafidz Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqolaani, a book containing hadiths on Islamic legal principles. The study aims to: 1) Identify the meanings of huruf ‘amilah in Bulughul Maraam: Bab Thaharah; and 2) Determine the influence of these meanings on legal conclusions in the book. Using a library research method with a descriptive approach, data was collected through documentation and analyzed through classification, content analysis, and conclusion. The results show that the letter "al-ba’" in Bulughul Maraam: Bab Thaharah has 10 meanings: 1) Instrument, 2) Accompaniment, 3) Addition, 4) Place/time, 5) Part of a whole, 6) Exchange, 7) Attachment to action, 8) Direction, 9) Cause, and 10) Action. These meanings influence legal conclusions in 20 hadiths.</p>

Diskursus Penafsiran Milkul Yamin di Kalangan Ulama Klasik dan Kontemporer: Teks dan Konteks

The institutionalised ownership of slaves (milkul yamin) is one of the focuses of the Quranic critique of the culture of exploitation and domination in Arabia. The Quran views that it must be eliminated immediately even though it is done gradually, including through expiation in the form of freeing slaves and allowing masters to have sex with their personal slaves as stated in several verses of the Quran. The concept of milkul yamin is interpreted with various views by classical and contemporary scholars, even with interpretations that go beyond previous scholars towards non-marital sexual relations. This research will reveal how classical and contemporary scholars interpret the concept of milkul yamin found in the Quran and hadith both in text and context. This research is a qualitative type of library research with data derived from sources related to the concept of milkul yamin in the form of books, books, articles and various writings in online media then analysed using descriptive methods. The results showed that the majority of classical and contemporary scholars viewed the verses on slavery as Islam's attempt to raise the status of slaves from religious prisoners of war at that time. As well as a way for Islam to gradually abolish the practice of slavery that has been entrenched and rooted in jahiliyyah Arab society. Meanwhile, according to Muhammad Syahrur's reinterpretation, it is more subjective, influenced by modern culture and civilisation, and does not carefully consider the historical meaning of the verse and the main message contained in the verse.

Digitization of Religious Tafsir: The Fading of Indonesian Ulama Authority in Post Truth Era

In the current post-truth era, the traditional authority and credibility of Ulama, who have historically been regarded as the paramount source of religious knowledge, are increasingly compromised. This research investigates the diminishing role and efficacy of Indonesian Ulama in addressing religious and social challenges due to the pervasive influence of the Internet and social media, which provide rapid and seemingly authoritative solutions that overshadow traditional scholarly roles. The study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating observations, interviews, and comprehensive library research, incorporating both physical and digital sources. The findings elucidate three critical issues: first, the limited digital literacy among traditional Indonesian Ulama, which impedes their effective engagement with digital platforms; second, a notable gap in the public's comprehension of how to utilize digital media for religious discourse, despite an increasing interest in religious matters; and third, the superficial understanding and heightened biases among the public, stemming from the ease of accessing religious solutions via social media. This study makes a significant contribution to the discourse by underscoring the urgent necessity for Ulama to enhance their digital literacy, thereby reclaiming their authoritative role in the socio-religious landscape and ensuring that their insights remain relevant and accessible in the digital age.

Relevansi Peran Media Komunikasi Sosial Bagi Persekutuan dan Pengembangan Manusia Menurut Dokumen Communio Et Progressio

This article discusses the relevance of the role of social communication media for fellowship and human development according to the Communio et Progresio document. The use of social communication media is something that cannot be separated from human life today. The Church welcomes the development of social communication media with joy and views it as a gift from God. The Church wants to use social communication media as a means to build worldwide communion and develop human life. This article uses the library research method, which is a theoretical study, references and various scientific literature related to the research theme. The role of social communication media is very significant for humans to build relationships with each other quickly, share knowledge and information for human development and build solidarity throughout the world, specifically as a means of preaching the Gospel. However, here it is different, it has a negative impact on human life. Therefore, the Church through hierarchical authority supervises, controls and guides people so that people use social communication media wisely and wisely to build community and develop life.

Cultural Comparisons: A Comparison of Tea Drinking Traditions in Java and Sichuan

Tea is a type of drink that has been around since ancient times. In fact, in some regions, tea has become an integral part of culture and an inseparable part of people's social life, and also contains philosophical values. In each region, tea has its own characteristics. This is based on the variety and type of tea leaves themselves as well as the way they are served which are different in each region. The diversity of types of tea and forms of presentation certainly cannot be separated from differences in the environment where the tea leaves grow, as well as the origin of the tea in a particular region. These two factors refer to the practice of drinking tea and the different ways of serving tea in each region. China will immediately come to mind when you hear the word tea, because its tea culture is still strong today. On the one hand, Indonesia still adheres to its tea drinking culture. Tea has its own position in the traditions and practices of several cultures in China and Indonesia, especially in the Sichuan region and the island of Java. The aim of this research is to explore some of the differences that exist in tea drinking traditions in Java and Sichuan. We will also explore various cultural aspects that influence the practice of drinking tea, such as how tea is served, the type of tea used, related customs, and the symbolic meaning attached to the tea drinking ritual itself. So that in the end, readers will be able to appreciate the cultural diversity that exists in this world and encourage the exchange of knowledge and experience in tea drinking practices in both regions. The research method that is used is qualitative method of library research, namely collecting data by searching for sources and reconstructing information from various sources such as books, journals and existing research. The findings from this research are differences in the presentation and way of enjoying tea in Java and Sichuan.

STRATEGI DAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN YANG KREATIF DAN INOVATIF PADA MATA PELAJARAN AKIDAH AKHLAK DI MADRASAH

This research aims to analyze creative and innovative strategies and media in teaching Aqidah Akhlak in Madrasas. This research uses a type of library research. Research Results: Aqidah Akhlak learning strategies can be in the form of: 1) Direct Learning Strategies (direct instruction), 2) Indirect Learning Strategies (indirect instruction), 3) Interactive Learning Strategies (interactive instruction), 4) Learning Strategies through Experience (experiential learning ), 5) Independent Learning Strategy. Meanwhile, creative and innovative media takes the form of: 1) Print media, which can be in the form of textbooks, worksheets, or modules that can be used by teachers and students. 2) Audio media is implemented, for example at the MI level in phase B (Class 3) which can use audio in the form of sound speakers related to Asmaul Husna material, so that students can listen carefully and memorize it easily. 3) Visual Media can be applied in Phase D (Class VII) of MTS, such as the material "Manners of Social Media from an Islamic View". Teachers can use image media regarding various types of social media for each student by explaining each student's advantages, disadvantages, impacts of use, and etiquette in using them. 4) Audio visual media can be used at the Class

TANTANGAN DINAMIKA REGULASI SEKOLAH BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA

The dynamic regulatory landscape presents significant challenges for International Standard Schools (SBI) in Indonesia, impacting their ability to meet global educational standards while integrating local cultural values. This study aims to explore the regulatory challenges faced by SBIs and their implications for educational quality and cultural integration. The method used is library research, which involves reviewing relevant literature and studies on regulations and the implementation of international standard programs. The findings reveal that although SBIs strive to provide high-quality education and facilities in line with international standards, they are often hindered by fluctuating regulations and inadequate financial support. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of a consistent and supportive regulatory framework, sustainable funding sources, and the adoption of an inclusive curriculum that respects local cultural values. These insights offer valuable implications for policymakers, educational institutions, and stakeholders, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to enhance the stability and effectiveness of SBIs in Indonesia. By addressing these challenges, SBIs can better fulfill their role in providing internationally competitive education while preserving Indonesia’s rich cultural heritage.

KONSEP DAN PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI ISLAM PADA MASA TURKI USMANI

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the Islamic economy during the Ottoman Empire. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used in this research is library research. The data used is secondary data obtained from relevant sources, books, journals and so on. Findings: Ottoman Türkiye paid more attention to progress in the political and military fields. In this way, economic and financial conditions contributed to the development of Islam in the Ottoman Empire. Islamic economics during the Ottoman Empire reflected the integration of Islamic economic principles with practical economic practices and effective administration. So, according to researchers of the Ottoman Empire, it is very interesting to study in order to find out how the concept and development of Islamic economics was during the Ottoman Empire. Research implications: The implications of the development of the Islamic economy during the Ottoman Empire include:Expansion of Trade Networks: The Ottoman Empire's strategic location bridged East and West, facilitating extensive trade networks that promoted economic growth and cultural exchange.

Probabilities and seat gains of minor parties in the 2019 municipal legislative election in Surabaya City, Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between seat acquisition probabilities and the acquisition of minor party seats in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election. This research is crucial because theoretically the proportional representation electoral system quota/allocation of electoral district seats (dapil) has the probability to be accessed by all parties participating in the election, but in fact in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election the quota/allocation of seats was dominated by large parties. This research method is library research with the analysis technique using the Pearson Product Moment statistical test. According to the research results, first, the relationship between seat acquisition probability and minor party seat acquisition is negative and insignificant. The results of the research hypothesis test show rcount (-0.753) < rtable (0.997). Second, the relationship between these two variables controlled by the threshold variable is significantly positive. The research hypothesis test result is rcount (0.000) > rtable (0.997). Based on this research: (1) the electoral system of proportional representation quota/allocation of electoral district seats is not accessible to all minor parties participating in the election; (2) the size of electoral districts with seat quotas in the medium-large criteria does not have a significant positive effect on the acquisition of seats of parties participating in the election; (3) the threshold simultaneously affects the significant positive relationship between the size of the medium-large quota electoral districts and the acquisition of seats of parties participating in the election; and (4) the acquisition of party votes below the lower threshold still has the probability to get the remaining seats.