Research Instrument Research Articles

Developing RME-based module in statistics to improve problem-solving skills for higher education students

In university learning, it is important to use learning resources that can facilitate students' thinking skills. So it is necessary to develop teaching materials for learning material in class, So it is necessary to develop teaching materials that can help students understand the concepts of the material. This research aims to develop a statistics teaching module based on a realistic mathematical approach to foster student problem-solving. This research and development uses a 4-D model in four stages, namely: definition, design, development, and dissemination. Product trials are carried out in three stages, namely: a validity test, a limited test, and a wide-scale test. The test subjects in this research were students from the mathematics education study program at three universities in Bengkulu. The research instruments were questionnaire sheets and problem-solving tests on basic statistical material. The research results show that the RME statistics teaching module meets the criteria of being valid, practical, and effective in terms of students' problem-solving abilities. The suggestion from the research results is that it is important to present a context that is relevant to the student's environment in the use of RME teaching materials.

Effectiveness of Training Variations in Improving Forehand Smash Ability in Badminton Game

Study purpose. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of variations of arm muscle strength training and body flexibility in improving the forehand smash hitting ability of badminton players. Materials and methods. The research sample consisted of 14 badminton players who were members of PB Nusantara Malang. The research used a quasi-experimental method with the research design used in the form of a one group pretest-posttest design. The research instrument used a forehand smash test. Results. The average result of forehand smash before treatment was 17.286 ± 6.787, and after treatment the average value was 19.571 ± 6.047. Data analysis using the Paired Sample T Test level of significance level of 0.00. This means that there is a significant difference between posttest and pretest. Conclusion. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that training variations of arm muscle strength training and body flexibility training is an effective combination of exercises to improve the results of forehand smash shots in badminton games. This can be used as the basis for trainers in compiling badminton training programmes in order to get maximum results, especially in forehand smash training.

The Influence of Character, Capacity, and Collateral on the Causes of Non-Performing Loan

Cases of Non-Performing Loan that have occurred in Indonesia to date are classified as a high percentage. Cases of Non-Performing Loan in Indonesia have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the credit providing institutions in Indonesia, namely cooperatives, is also facing problems related to a spike in Non-Performing Loan cases, especially during pandemic. By looking into the causes of non-performing loans, one can lower the risk of non-performing loans. Because basically, before providing credit services, banks must first analyse whether the prospective debtor can be trusted or relied upon. This type of research uses quantitative approach method with data collection techniques using research instruments in the form of questionnaires. Purposive sampling is the sampling technique used in this research for 157 people. The data analysis technique in this research uses multiple linear regression tests. The results of hypothesis testing in the research show that character has a negative effect on the causes of Artha Mandala Cooperative’s NPL, capacity has a negative effect on the causes of Artha Mandala Cooperative’s NPL, and collateral have a negative effect on the causes of Artha Mandala Cooperative’s NPL. That character, capacity, and collateral have a negative influence on the causes of Non-Performing Loan Artha Mandala Cooperative. The suggestions that can be given are to Artha Mandala Cooperative to carry out regular checks, such as once every 3 months or 6 months, regarding creditors' economic conditions to anticipate opportunities for credit congestion to occur.

Pengaruh Engagement terhadap Post Stroke Fatigue (PSF) dan Kemampuan Motorik Pasien Pasca Stroke Iskemik

Abstract Background: Rehabilitation efforts for post-stroke patients to restore motor skills often do not provide optimal results. This is allegedly related to the client's seriousness or involvement in undergoing therapy (neurorehabilitation). Post-stroke comorbid problems in the form of post-stroke fatigue (PSF) may also influence this. Objectives: The research aims to examine the effect of engagement on post stroke fatigue (PSF) and recovery of motor skills in ischemic stroke patients. Methods: Observational quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in a hospital occupational therapy unit. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used include: engagement rating scale (ERS), fatigue severity scale (FSS) and Fulg-Meyer Assessment (FMA). Research data analysis uses descriptive analysis, correlative and regression tests using the SPSS version 20 program. Results: The majority of the research sample was male (67.5%), and onset < 24 months (75%). Mean ERS score = 21.2 ± 0.38, mean FSS change score = 2.17 and mean Fugl-Meyer change score = 2.45. Correlative test of ERS with FSS (r=0.697; p=0.000) and ERS with Fugl-Meyer (r=0.462; p=0.003). The linear regression test shows that the determinant coefficients of 0.486 and 0.226 ERS on FSS and Fugl-Meyer are significant with the equations Y=19.179+0.929X and Y=19.755+0.590X. Conclusion: Engagement influences a decrease in fatigue by 48.6% and an increase in motor ability recovery by 22.6%. Keywords : stroke, engagement, fatigue, motor

Pengaruh Structured Group Exercise Program terhadap Kualitas Hidup Lansia di Paguyuban Lansia RW 08 Kemiri, Kebakkramat, Karanganyar

Abstract Background: The elderly are an age group where every individual experiences health problems, both physical, cognitive and psychosocial. These health problems will cause a decrease in the quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, interventions are needed aimed at minimizing the decline in the quality of life of the elderly. Structured Group Exercise Program (SGEP) is an intervention in the form of planned physical exercise, repetitive and consistent body movements to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. Objectives: This research aims to determine the effect of SGEP on the quality of life of the elderly in the elderly community RW 08 Desa Kemiri, Kecamatan Kebakkramat, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Methods: This research is a quantitative Pre-Experimental Design research with one group pre-post test type. The research was conducted at the elderly community RW 08 Desa Kemiri, Kecamatan Kebakkramat, Kabupaten Karanganyar. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total of 27 samples. The research instrument used was the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF). The SGEP intervention was carried out in 8 sessions over 8 weeks. Data analysis used a paired t-test which was processed using SPSS version 25. Results:. The sample for this study was 100% female. Other characteristics were dominated by the elderly age group (59.3%), family status was dominated by the sample living with family (85.2%), and employment was dominated by the non-working sample (59.3%). The results of the paired sample t-test obtained Asmyp Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000, which means p-value < α (0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of providing the Structured Group Exercise Program (SGEP) intervention on the quality of life of the elderly in the elderly community RW 08 Desa Kemiri, Kecamatan Kebakkramat, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Keywords: Structured Group Exercise Program, Quality of Life, Elderly

The The Impact of Overt Strategy Instruction in EFL Classrooms on Reading and Listening Achievement

Language learning strategies may have a key role in foreign language learning because they may foster learner autonomy and motivation. Keeping the learner-centred nature of language learning strategies in mind, this study set out to understand the impact of overt listening and reading strategy instruction on learners’ listening and reading achievement. The study employed an explanatory mixed-method research design. Research instruments were reading and listening achievement tests and semi-structured interviews. The treatment involved overt listening and reading strategy instruction that lasted for four weeks. The findings revealed that overt listening and reading strategy instruction fostered learners’ reading and listening achievement. Similarly, semi-structured interviews revealed that learners were willing to transfer the strategies they learned to new learning situations and keep using these strategies in future learning situations.

A Closed Formalism for Anatomy-Independent Projection and Optimization of Magnetic Stimulation Coils on Arbitrarily Shaped Surfaces.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular method for the noninvasive stimulation of neurons in the brain. It has become a standard instrument in experimental brain research and has been approved for a range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. These applications require appropriately shaped coils. Various applications have been established or approved for specific coil designs with their corresponding spatial electric field distributions. However, the specific coil implementation may no longer be appropriate from the perspective of available material and manufacturing opportunities or considering the latest understanding of how to achieve induced electric fields in the head most efficiently. Furthermore, in some cases, field measurements of coils with unknown winding or a user-defined field are available and require an actual implementation. Similar applications exist for magnetic resonance imaging coils. This work aims at introducing a complete formalism free from heuristics, iterative optimization, and ad-hoc or manual steps to form practical stimulation coils with individual turns to either equivalently match an existing coil or produce a given field. The target coil can reside on practically any sufficiently large or closed surface adjacent to or around the head. The method derives an equivalent field through vector projection exploiting the well-known Huygens' and Love's equivalence principle. In contrast to other coil design or optimization approaches recently presented, the procedure is an explicit forward Hilbert-space vector projection or basis change. For demonstration, we map a commercial figure-of-eight coil as one of the most widely used devices and a more intricate coil recently approved clinically for addiction treatment (H4) onto a bent surface close to the head for highest efficiency and lowest field energy. The resulting projections are within ≤4% of the target field and reduce the necessary pulse energy by more than 40%.

Role of Demographic Characteristics in predicting Psychological Burden and Marital Satisfaction among Diabetic Patients

The study was conducted to predict the relationship of psychological burden and marital satisfaction among patients of diabetic mellitus with role of demographic variables. Sample size was 150 diagnosed diabetic patients in which 75 married males and 75 were married females. Sample was approached through purposive sampling technique. All diabetic patients were selected from public hospitals and private clinics of Multan Division, Pakistan. The Nishter Hospital Multan, Combined Military Hospital Multan and City Hospital Multan and it was focused to their gender, age, education, type of disease, working status and socio-economic condition. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Lovibond, 1995) and Index of Marital Satisfaction (Hudson, 1981) were used as a research instrument to collect the data. Data were analyzed on SPSS. Findings of the study reveal that there is negative correlation between psychological burden and marital satisfaction. Moreover, depression, anxiety and stress are the significant negative predictors of marital satisfaction. Results suggest that level of psychological burden was reported higher among female patients than male. Mean score of marital satisfaction was greater among male as compared to female patients. Furthermore, there was significant mean score difference on PB between educated and uneducated patients. Patients with type 2 have greater level of psychological burden as compared to type 1 diabetes. Level of psychological burden was greater in those patients who have above than 3 children as compared to those who have 1-3 children. Difference is significant between working and non-working diabetic patients on psychological burden. Results suggest that there is no significant mean score difference of marital status with respect to education, type of diabetes, family size, and working status. There was no significant difference of PB and MS with respect to socio-economic status. Role of demographic characteristics of the participants is significant in predicting psychological burden among them.

The Results of Evolution, Wisdom, and Identity of Indigo-Dyed Fabric in Northeastern (Isan) Thailand

This qualitative research aims to study the evaluation, wisdom, and identity of indigo-dyed fabric in Northeastern (Isan) Thailand. The cultural inheritance concept, the beliefs associated with textile wisdom concept, the wisdom concept, the cultural diffusion theory, the evolution theory, the structural functionalism theory, and the identity theory were used as theoretical frameworks. Data were collected from documents and fieldwork using research instruments including surveys, and interviews. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse and present this data. The study revealed the extensive history of Isan indigo-dyed fabric, tracing its evolution from 1897 to 2022, which can be divided into four distinct periods: 1) Emergence of evidence in Isan (1897–1941); 2) Decline (1942–1969); 3) Revival (1970–2016); and 4) Transition into the creative economy (2017–2022). Wisdom surrounding indigo-dyed fabric was explored across four dimensions: 1) Production process, 2) Functions, 3) Patterns, and 4) Beliefs. The identity of Isan indigo-dyed fabric was classified into three main categories: 1) Individual identity, encompassing the production process and beliefs; 2) Collective identity, which includes colours, patterns, and usages or functions; and 3) Sociocultural identity, embodied by the discourse “World of Indigo” shaped by societal and cultural acceptance. These findings underscored the pivotal role of social changes in facilitating the inheritance and preservation of wisdom. Therefore, transforming indigo-dyed fabric into a product of economic significance with widespread acceptance, ultimately solidifying its status as a cultural heritage.

Gratitude dan body image perempuan emerging adulthood yang pernah mengalami body shaming

Abstract. One of the things that individuals focused on in emerging adulthood was their physical appearance and their concern for body image. Body image was a person's perception of their body. This study aimed to look at the relationship between gratitude and body image. Participants in this study totaled 99 women (Mean age 20.64 / SD age 1.81) in emerging adulthood who had experienced body shaming. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling. The research instrument used gratitude and body image scales. The data analysis technique used in this study was product moment correlation. The results showed a positive relationship between gratitude and body image with a correlation value of 0.289 and p = 0.004 (p < 0.05) with an effective contribution of 8.3%. That is, the higher the gratitude, the more positive the body image would be. The results of the study could be used as an intervention design.

Resiliensi penyintas Covid-19: apa peran dari dukungan sosial?

Abstract. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social support and resilience in early adult survivors of Covid-19 in Surabaya. The research method used was the quantitative method. The participants of this study amounted to 110, aged 18-40 years, were COVID-19 survivors, and lived in Surabaya. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The research instruments used were the social support scale and the resilience scale. Data were analyzed with Kendall's Tau-B non-parametric correlation test. The results showed a relationship between social support and resilience in early adult survivors of COVID-19 in Surabaya with a correlation coefficient of 0.654. The study's results can be used as the basis for intervention design.

HUBUNGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN HIPERTENSI DENGAN KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN EQ-5D DI PUSKESMAS S.PARMAN KOTA BANJARMASIN

This disease can affect the patient's quality of life if they do not receive appropriate therapy and risks causing complications which can worsen the patient's quality of life The research method used was observational with a cross sectional design. The population was hipertensive outpatient at the S. Parman Community Health Center for the period March 2023. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling technique to obtain a sample of 84 respondents. The research instrument uses the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ5D). Data analysis used the EQ-5D index calculator and chi square test. The results showed that the distribution of respondents' characteristics included female gender (57.14%), age 56-65 (54.76%), high school education (50.00%), housewife occupation (34.52%), long suffering hypertension >5 years (60.71%), comorbidities (50.00%), no history of hypertension (52.38%), and hypertension category level 2 (53.57%). The percentage of good quality of life for hypertensive patients was 91.67%, while the poor quality of life for hypertensive patients was 8.33%. The variables of comorbidities (p-value=0.048) and hypertension category (p-value=0.010) have a significant relationship to the quality of life of hypertensive patients.

PENGARUH ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH, KESESUAIAN HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN

Purchasing decision is a final decision or choice that consumers have to buy products or use services with various considerations. This study aims to explain the effect of electronic word of mouth, price compitability and service quality on purchasing decisions for consumers of Kytha Coffee in Denpasar City. The number of samples used was 140 respondents and they had made purchases at Kytha Coffee in Denpasar City. The sampling method used in this research is non-probability sampling with accidental sampling technique. Data collection was obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires using the Google form as a research instrument. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the variables electronic word of mouth, price compitability and service quality have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. The results of this study indicate that the higher the electronic word of mouth, the purchasing decision will increase, as well as the compitability of price and service quality, the better it will increase purchasing decisions.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Melalui Penggunaan Strategi Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi pada Siswa Kelas IV SDN 2 Cikalang

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of students in Social Science subjects through the use of differentiated learning strategies on economic activity material. This research is a Classroom Action (PTK) research which is divided into two cycles and begins with a precycle. Each cycle consists of planning, execution, observation and reflection. Research instruments used in this study are teacher activities, student activities, observation of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP) and learning outcomes tests. The data is analyzed descriptively. The criterion for successful action is if 75% of students reach KKM 75. The results of the research show that there is an increase in teacher activity from cycle I to cycle II with a level of 82.5% in cycle I and 90% in cycle II. Student learning activity was 80% in cycle 1 and 92.5 in cycle II. From the data on student learning outcomes, it was found that learning completeness was 67.3% in cycle I and 78.5% in cycle II. From the research data, the average value of students' learning outcomes using differentiated learning strategies from pre-action to cycle II obtained a significant mastery of learning outcomes, namely 42.8%, so it was concluded that the use of differentiated learning strategies influenced learning outcomes. students in class IV social studies subjects at SDN 2 Cikalang, Tawang District, Tasikmalaya City

Pengaruh celebrity worship terhadap body image pada remaja dimoderasi oleh self-esteem

Body image is a conscious representation that can form positive or negative judgments. Negative body image isoften associated with celebrity worship. A person’s personality influences their body image. Personality traits includeself-esteem. Individuals with high self-esteem will not be obsessed with the body standards depicted by their favoritecelebrities which can lead to a negative body image if they cannot achieve the standards depicted. Self-esteem as amoderator variable is expected to be able to moderate the influence of celebrity worship on body image. The researchmethod used was quantitative with a moderated research design on 287 teenagers aged 16-18 years who liked K-popand Korean culture. The research instruments used were the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS), Body Image DisturbanceQuestionnaire (BIDQ), and Self Esteem Scale. Data analysis in this study used Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA).The results showed that self-esteem could not moderate the influence of celebrity worship on body image.

Development of STEM-based Virtual Laboratory on Global Warming Topic for Junior High School Student

Our study aimed to develop a feasible STEM-based virtual laboratory on global warming topics for junior high school students. We used the development research type by adopting Thiagarajan's 4D model development procedure, which was limited to the development stage. The data collection methods we used were questionnaires and interviews, while the research instruments were interview sheets and questionnaires. Product validation involved a lecturer as a subject matter expert and a lecturer as a learning media expert. In addition, a small group evaluation sample with 10 students was selected using a simple random sampling technique to be involved in the product trial. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used. The results showed that the assessment by subject matter experts received a feasibility percentage of 84%, including the criteria worth using, and the assessment by learning media experts received a feasibility percentage of 85%, including the criteria worth using. In addition, the small group student response trial showed 91%, which means the developed product is very practical. Thus, the STEM-based virtual laboratory on global warming topics was declared feasible for junior high school students to use in science learning

Grit as a Predictor of Chemistry Achievement among Secondary School Students in Kenya

This research was carried out to examine grit as a predictor of chemistry achievement among secondary school students in Kenya. The study was anchored on grit theory developed by Duckworth. The researcher used a correlational research design to establish the relationship between study variables. The target population for the study was 3,320 form three chemistry students in 27 public secondary schools in Etago Sub-County in the year 2023. In this study a sample size of 446 participants were selected from the population using simple random sampling, stratified and purposive sampling. A pilot study involving 30 students from one of the schools within the Sub-County was conducted to refine the reliability and validity of the research instruments. Data were collected using questionnaires and chemistry pro forma forms and then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 25). The results indicated a significant positive correlation between grit and chemistry achievement, r (433) = .65, p< .05. The study found no statistically significant gender differences in grit in relation to chemistry achievement t (433) = -.39, p = .70. Grit significantly predicted chemistry achievement, F (2,433) = 133.96, p < .05 and its moderation with gender accounted for 5% variance in chemistry achievement. Study recommends that chemistry teachers should enhance effective teaching aids to boost the interest and perseverance (grit) of students during chemistry learning for better achievement in the subject.

The Role of Shadow Teachers For Supporting Learning Assistance on Children with Special Needs in Inclusive Early Childhood Education

Inclusive education is an implementation of the international consensus of providing education for all. Every child is given the rights as a citizen, including the right to access adequate and quality education. Inclusive education rejects dichotomies and discrimination because children are seen as having equal dignity and worth. Likewise with children with special needs such as autism, down syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other physical, mental and neurological obstacles. Differences in treatment encourage the presence of accompanying teachers for children with special needs at every school level. This qualitative study uses a narrative descriptive approach to explore the importance of accompanying teachers in supporting learning assistance for children with special needs. Data was obtained through field observations, interviews and documentation of 4 accompanying teachers with social work laboratory backgrounds and 2 class teachers at the school. The findings were obtained in conjunction with the data analysis process by the author as the main research instrument, seeing that accompanying teachers reflect each child's profile to accommodate needs, support learning and improve children's self-development skills activities.

Konflik kerja, beban kerja dan kecenderungan stres kerja pada karyawan divisi kapal perang di PT. X

Abstract. This study aimed to determine the effect of work conflict and workload on the tendency of work stress independently and simultaneously on employees of the warship division at PT. X. This study utilized a quantitative approach and a survey method. The participants of this study were 58 employees of the warship division of PT X who were selected using an accidental sampling technique. The research instruments employed were the work conflict, workload, and work stress scales. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that there was an influence of work conflict on the tendency of work stress with a practical contribution of 65.1%, there was an influence of workload on the tendency of work stress with a practical contribution of 44.1%, and there was an influence of work conflict and workload jointly on the tendency of work stress with a practical contribution of 67.9%. The results of this study could be considered for developing psychological interventions for work stress.

PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ŽUPANJA

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is a serious and difficult problem in many countries of the world, and is taking on epidemic proportions, especially in the youth population. Disorders caused by the psychoactive substance useinclude a wide range of disorders. Experts are finding it increasingly difficult to monitor the possible consequences that drugs can cause in the human body.Aim: To examine the prevalence of the psychoactive substance useamong high school students in Županja. Respondents and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during May 2023. The first group of respondents consisted of 115 students of the third and fourth grades of the Županja Grammar School, while the second group consisted of 100 students of the third and fourth grades of the Županja Vocational School. The research instrument was a standardised internationally agreed questionnaire "European Research in Schools on Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Pupils" (2011). European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Results: A statistically significant number of respondents has never used cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, adhesives and other solvents. Respondents fromthe Vocational School used cigarettes on a larger scale daily, while Grammar school students started smoking at an older age. In the last 12 months, when compared to the Vocational School students, a higher percentage of Grammar School students have used adhesives and other solvents. Grammar School students experimented with"drugs" in a higher proportion due to curiosity. Conclusion: The prevalence of the psychoactive substance use among high school youth in Županja is at a satisfactory low level.Keywords:psychoactive substances, students, secondary school