Government Research Research Articles

CREATING A SUSTAINABLE DIGITAL BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities in creating a sustainable digital business ecosystem to support inclusive global economic growth. The research method used includes collecting and analyzing various documents such as research reports, academic publications, government policies, and industry documents related to digital business ecosystems, sustainability, and global economic development. The results show that the integration between the concepts of digital business ecosystems and sustainability has a crucial role in creating a sustainable business environment. Key factors such as digital inclusion, sustainable innovation and multi-stakeholder partnerships were identified as important elements in achieving this goal. The implications of this research highlight the need for collaborative action between governments, companies, and non-governmental organizations in designing policies and business practices that support sustainable economic growth. Building a comprehensive, forward-thinking, and environmentally friendly digital business network is essential for long-term economic development that positively impacts society. Stakeholders can achieve long-term improvements that benefit future generations by prioritizing economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This research aims to build a durable digital business environment for the betterment of the world economy through its contribution to academic literature and business practice.

Internationalising research in a neoliberal climate: maintaining integrity in developing and executing funded comparative research

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the debate on the impact of internationalising research in the neoliberal climate, through the case of a multinational project funded through competitive bidding. While neoliberalisation of higher education has been explored from multiple perspectives, the impact around competitive research funding as a performativity measure has not received due attention, in particular concerning international collaboration. Research supported by competitive funding is often managed through rigid measures combining narrow success criteria and tight accountability. This paper discusses the challenges in developing and executing an international project in this context, as encountered by a multinational research team. Analysing the team’s reflective writing and written conversations spanning over three years, we illustrate how the team managed to engage in genuine knowledge-building and collaboration, which the global neoliberal research governance system inadvertently undermines. The paper concludes with some recommendations to redress such unintended consequences and effects.

Fueling a net-zero future: The influence of government-funded research on climate change mitigation inventions

This study examines the pace and content of Climate Change Mitigation Technology (CCMT) inventions, focusing on the influence of government-funded research on patent characteristics. Utilizing data from the USPTO, we analyze the trends in CCMT patenting from 1988 to 2017 and reveal a significant increase in CCMT inventions. However, patents in hydrogen technology and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are comparatively low, suggesting these fields are still in the early development stages. CCMT inventions rely heavily on government-funded research, particularly in CCS and hydrogen technology. CCMT inventions relying on government research are more complex and generate larger and more pervasive knowledge spillovers than their counterparts. However, they are less likely to be novel and tend to consolidate rather than destabilize existing technologies. Interestingly, the effect of government research reducing the likelihood of novelty is only observed in CCMT inventions and does not extend to utility patents. These findings highlight the role of government-funded research in facilitating high-quality CCMT inventions through knowledge spillovers. Our study underscores the importance of sustained and targeted public investment in CCMT R&D.

Building competences for researchers working towards ocean sustainability

The challenges of achieving just, equitable and sustainable ocean futures require a new type of transdisciplinary and action-oriented science that integrates across disciplines and knowledge systems. Scientists and researchers in academia, industry or government, who contribute to knowledge creation, innovation, and policy development for the ocean, must be empowered with a fresh set of competences. This paper maps the knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to enable such a shift. The proposed skillset serves as a foundation for the design and operationalisation of modern training for ocean sustainability and is envisaged to be used by researchers both individually and in teams. It also highlights the potential for career diversification beyond the traditional 'blue jobs' legitimated by existing sectors. To ensure the short-term practical implementation of the competence framework, self-awareness and self-reflection are encouraged among learners and teachers, along with pragmatic actions to overcome barriers to transdisciplinarity. For long-term impact, system interventions will be necessary to improve organisations’ readiness to absorb and valorise researchers trained in this new framework. This will require re-training the current pedagogical workforce as well as reframing existing knowledge systems and incentives.

Taking stock of the multilevel governance research programme: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT Multilevel governance (MLG) is one of the most successful ideas in contemporary political scholarship. Coined in the early 1990s by Gary Marks to examine developments in the European Union’s regional policy, MLG has since been adopted and further elaborated in numerous publications, which have expanded the concept well beyond its initial context, and afforded it wide currency in academic and policy-making circles. As the term turns thirty, this article maps MLG scholarship by presenting the first systematic review of this literature, based on a dataset of 590 publications. In particular, the article identifies key conceptual and empirical developments in MLG studies, assesses strengths and weaknesses of existing research, and informs future work by locating gaps and suggesting directions. By examining MLG research comprehensively, the article also provides a solid basis on which future scholarship may, possibly, reassess some of the longstanding ‘existential’ questions on multilevel governance as a research programme.

The moderate rebel industry: Spaces of Western public–private civil society and propaganda warfare in the Syrian civil war

This article documents a covert propaganda and civil society operation perpetrated by a consortium of Western governments, private contractors, and NGOs to justify and facilitate regime change in Syria by whitewashing and assisting rebel groups. Using leaked documents from key government contractors, corroborated with journalistic, academic, NGO, and government research already released, the author outlines their rebel media infrastructure to create news stories and feed them to Syrian, regional, and international outlets. This propaganda synergized with administrative programs that built social services in rebel-held territories, constructing media and civil society façades of legitimacy and liberalism for rebel militias. The consortium created the White Helmets, who recorded themselves providing services while documenting supposed war crimes, to serve as a bridge between these propaganda and civil society missions. The author argues that the controlled spaces of full-spectrum intellectual warfare created by this consortium, coordinating state-supported media and civil society and obfuscating it behind private and non-profit entities, can help scholars understand the narrative battles surrounding the Syrian conflict and gain insight into the evolving role of media and information warfare in the 21st century.

DIY academic archiving: mischievous disruptions of a new counter-movement

Against increasing injunctions in research governance to create open data, and knee-jerk rejections from qualitative researchers in response to such efforts, we explore a radical counter movement of academics engaged in what we term “DIY Academic Archiving,” the creation of open and accessible archives of their research materials. We turn to interviews with three DIY academic archivists, each drawing on an ethos of community archiving, as opposed to emerging open data schemes: Melissa Munn on The Gaucher/Munn Penal Press Collection,1 Eric Gonzaba’s Wearing Gay History,2 and Michael Goodman’s Victorian Illustrated Shakespeare Archive.3 We see these archives as engaged in a “politics of refusal,” which challenges both conventional methods and ethics in qualitative research as well as new moves toward open data. On the one hand, academics are tasked to “protect” their data by destroying it, under the guise of a supposed mode of “care.” On the other hand, open data makes quite contrary demands, to care for data by making it “open” for further extraction through (re)use. DIY Academic Archiving is a practice of refusal that supports a redirection away from this binary. In this article, we explore how DIY academic archivists play with coding as a form of mischievous disruption, and so are contributing to new data imaginaries. We offer insight into how DIY Academic Archiving supports researchers in their theoretical, methodological and political commitments, and at the same time, how it can enable researchers to take the care-full risk of archiving our research data.

Derivation of Key Attributes and Clusters of Korean Taekwondo Policies and Systems on Social Media: Comparative Big Data Analysis Based on Regime Change

This study analyzed the key attributes and clusters of policies and systems of Korean Taekwondo based on Park Geun-Hye and Moon Jae-in’s regime changes using big data, including 8,030 data points on social media over a period of 8 years. Frequency analysis, term frequency inverse document frequency analysis, and degree centrality analysis were performed using TEXTOM 4.5. In addition, a convergent and correlation analysis was performed using UCINET 6 to visualize related words and analyze clusters. Frequency, term frequency inverse document frequency, and degree centrality analyses revealed 30 high-order terms. A convergence of iterated correlations analysis of the derived words identified three common clusters: improvement, problem, and support. In addition, there were two distinct clusters in the Park Geun-hye government (research and sports policy), and three in the Moon Jae-in government (interview, thoughts, and athlete). The Korean government attempted to improve and address problems related to policies and systems for the development of Taekwondo. However, as Taekwondo policies and systems were implemented from different perspectives by each regime, systematic policies and systems could not be implemented.

An evaluation of sexual function and health-related quality of life following laparoscopic surgery in individuals living with endometriosis.

What is the relationship between sexual function, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and laparoscopic surgery in individuals living with endometriosis? A higher number of laparoscopic surgeries is significantly associated with poorer HRQoL and greater levels of sexual dysfunction in individuals with endometriosis. Prior research indicates that endometriosis is associated with lowered HRQoL and sexual function and that these outcomes are influenced by endometriosis-related symptom profiles, medical, and surgical management. A limited number of studies have examined changes in sexual function in individuals with endometriosis following laparoscopic surgery or following repeated surgeries. A cross-sectional community-based online survey was used to examine the relationships between sexual function, HRQoL, and laparoscopic surgery (n = 210). Individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of endometriosis were recruited via online advertising through social media and gynaecology clinics. Endometriosis-specific data (e.g. diagnostic delay, symptom experience) was collected in addition to engagement with laparoscopic surgery, level of HRQoL (EuroQol-5 Dimension: EQ-5D-5L), and sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index: FSFI). Bivariate correlational analyses and hierarchical multiple regression were used to determine the associations between the variables of interest. Individuals with endometriosis have substantially poorer HRQoL in comparison to Australian normative samples, with greater levels of endometriosis-related symptom burden, distress, and pain significantly associated with lower levels of HRQoL. The mean FSFI score was suggestive of clinically significant female sexual dysfunction, with the lowest level of function noted in the domain of sexual pain and the highest level of function noted in the sexual satisfaction domain. A greater number of laparoscopic surgeries was significantly associated with poorer overall HRQoL and greater levels of sexual dysfunction. The cross-sectional nature of the data precludes direct findings of causality and further longitudinal research is recommended. The information pertaining to engagement in laparoscopic surgery was self-report in nature and was not medically verified. The study's findings highlight the pervasive impact of endometriosis on all domains of living, emphasizing the need to extend treatment planning beyond that of physical pain management alone. Early referral for assessment and management of sexual wellbeing is recommended prior to, and post-surgical intervention, with a focus on maintaining post-surgical changes, potentially reducing the need for multiple surgeries. The study was not associated with research funding. Author CN reports grant funding from the Australian Government and Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) and was a previous employee of CSL Vifor (formerly Vifor Pharma Pty Ltd). N/A.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Transformation: Sustainable Development of Agro-based Industries in Bihar

Digital technologies particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), are needed to transform agricultural sector in Bihar. There is a vast opportunity in adopting AI-driven solutions to enhance productivity and sustainability as well as increase the profitability of agriculture in Bihar. The current status and potential applications of AI in agriculture will be reviewed, challenges and opportunities specific to regions identified, together with development of strategies for maximum gain from AI technologies. We used the bibliographic methods and SWOT analysis. The growth of Bihar’s GDP as the adoption of Internet of Thing (IoT), precision farming and AI is projected at 5-6% per year that may create up to 30% more job opportunities in agricultural sector by 2024.Precision agriculture combined with crop yield forecasting is among key applications of AI in agro industries, labor optimization and efficiency; soil monitoring and management; disease detection and pest management; weather forecasting for climate risk management purposes among others include weed identification herbicide optimization supply chain optimization. SWOT analysis reveals strength such as enhanced productivity, cost reduction, improved decision-making ability on farm operations and climate resilience improvement strategy while helps farmers accessing information at their fingertips. However, weaknesses include infrastructure limitations, skill gaps and data accessibility issues. Opportunities arise from government support, research and development initiatives and market expansion. Threats encompass the digital divide, privacy and data security concerns, and dependence on external factors. The integration of AI holds substantial relevance for Bihar offering a pathway to overcome existing agricultural challenges and unlock new growth opportunities.

A Survey on the MT Methods for Indian Languages: MT Challenges, Availability, and Production of Parallel Corpora, Government Policies and Research Directions

A Survey on the MT Methods for Indian Languages: MT Challenges, Availability, and Production of Parallel Corpora, Government Policies and Research Directions

How much is invested in obesity prevention in Australia? An analysis of major research and Federal Government funding, 2013–2022

How much is invested in obesity prevention in Australia? An analysis of major research and Federal Government funding, 2013–2022

英国科学数据发展政策与规划

The United Kingdom (UK) stands as a pioneer in offering a clear definition of scientific data/research data, setting a global standard with its policies on scientific data. The UK’s data development strategy, planning, and action plans have effectively positioned it as a global leader in the realm of scientific data management, sharing, and reuse. This paper conducts a systematic review of the UK's scientific data policies, supporting institutions, and development plans through a comprehensive analysis of literature, websites, and other information resources. The results illustrate that the UK has established a comprehensive policy framework for scientific data management across various levels, encompassing government departments, supporting institutions, and research organizations. This framework revolves around the development, management, sharing, and application of scientific data, and incorporates strategic planning and action plans at both the national and regulatory levels. These initiatives have laid a solid foundation for the UK’s international leadership in the open sharing and utilization of scientific data. Notably, the UK’s practice of incorporating scientific data centers into national infrastructure construction ensures the continuous accumulation, management, sharing, and efficient utilization of scientific data assets within the country. The UK’s policy system for scientific data development and its planning practices in fostering such progress can serve as a valuable reference for the establishment of scientific data centers in China.

오가노이드를 이용한 동물대체시험법 표준동향과 전망

Animal testing for toxicity assessments has long been a point of contention due to concerns over animal welfare and ethics. As an integral component of product development and consumer safety, the evaluation of chemical toxicity is vital. Yet, the 21st century has witnessed a growing demand for alternative testing methods that can offer sustainable solutions without relying on animal experiments. This need has spurred major developed countries and international standardization organizations to pursue the development and standardization of novel testing approaches. Among these, organoid-based methods have emerged as a promising avenue for innovation.
 This study examines the concept of organoids, defining and categorizing alternative testing methods. It explores a broad spectrum of topics, including the standardization trends of alternative testing method regulations, organoid-based method standardization, and trends led by government entities, research institutions, academia, and corporations. It also examines the development of organ-specific manufacturing protocols for organoids. The research finds that international efforts to standardize alternative testing methods are in progress, with a particular focus on organoid-based strategies.
 The anticipated growth and evolution of such alternatives could revolutionize standard practices in safety assessments and drug efficacy evaluations. The standardization of organoid-based testing methods is poised to become a crucial milestone in advancing human health and environmental protection, driving the sector's growth and innovation. Moreover, advancements in organoid technology and the creation of models for various organs are likely to further refine alternative testing methods and introduce new evaluation techniques for drugs and chemicals. This study highlights to the biomedical community that standardizing new testing methods can address the ethical dilemmas of animal testing, underscoring a significant contribution towards ethical scientific practices.

Abnormal cleavage up to Day 3 does not compromise live birth and neonatal outcomes of embryos that have achieved full blastulation: a retrospective cohort study.

Do embryos displaying abnormal cleavage (ABNCL) up to Day 3 have compromised live birth rates and neonatal outcomes if full blastulation has been achieved prior to transfer? ABNCL is associated with reduced full blastulation rates but does not impact live birth rates and neonatal outcomes once full blastulation has been achieved. It is widely accepted that ABNCL is associated with reduced implantation rates of embryos when transferred at the cleavage stage. However, evidence is scarce in the literature reporting birth outcomes from blastocysts arising from ABNCL embryos, likely because they are ranked low priority for transfer. This retrospective cohort study included 1562 consecutive autologous in vitro fertilization cycles (maternal age 35.1 ± 4.7 years) performed at Fertility North, Australia between January 2017 and June 2022. Fresh transfers were performed on Day 3 or 5, with remaining embryos cultured up to Day 6 before vitrification. A total of 6019 embryos were subject to blastocyst culture, and a subset of 664 resulting frozen blastocysts was included for live birth and neonatal outcome analyses following single transfers. ABNCL events were annotated from the first mitotic division up to Day 3, including direct cleavage (DC), reverse cleavage (RC) and <6 intercellular contact points at the 4-cell stage (<6ICCP). For DC and RC in combination, the ratios of affected blastomeres over the total number of all blastomeres up to Day 3 were also recorded. All pregnancies were followed up until birth with gestational age, birthweight, and sex of the baby being recorded. Full blastulation rates for embryos showing DC (19.5%), RC (41.7%), <6ICCP (58.8%), and mixed (≥2) ABNCL types (26.4%) were lower than the rates for those without ABNCL (67.2%, P < 0.01 respectively). Subgroup analysis showed declining full blastulation rates with increasing ratios of combined DC/RC affected blastomeres over all blastomeres up to the 8-cell stage (66.2% when 0 affected, 47.0% when 0.25 affected, 27.4% when 0.5 affected, 14.5% when 0.75 affected, and 7.7% when all affected, P < 0.01). However, once full blastulation had been achieved, no difference was detected between DC, RC, <6ICCP, and no ABNCL blastocysts following single frozen transfers in subsequent live birth rates (25.9%, 33.0%, 36.0% versus 30.8%, P > 0.05, respectively), gestational age (38.7 ± 1.6, 38.5 ± 1.2, 38.3 ± 3.5 versus 38.5 ± 1.8 weeks, P > 0.05, respectively) and birthweight (3343.0 ± 649.1, 3378.2 ± 538.4, 3352.6 ± 841.3 versus 3313.9 ± 509.6 g, P > 0.05, respectively). Multiple regression (logistic or linear as appropriate) confirmed no differences in all of the above measures after accounting for potential confounders. Our study is limited by its retrospective nature, making it impossible to control every known or unknown confounder. Embryos in our dataset, being surplus after selection for fresh transfer, may not represent the general embryo population. Our findings highlight the incremental impact of ABNCL, depending on the ratio of affected blastomeres up to Day 3, on subsequent full blastulation. The reassuring live birth and neonatal outcomes of ABNCL blastocysts imply a potential self-correction mechanism among those embryos reaching the blastocyst stage, which provides valuable guidance for clinical practice and patient counseling. This research is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. All authors report no conflict of interest. N/A.

Role of blockchain technology in changing the structure of a country's monetary base and GDP

This article explores the role of blockchain technology in changing the structure of a country's monetary base. Specifically, it examines the potential benefits and risks of using blockchain in monetary policy, such as efficiency, transparency, and new opportunities for managing the financial system. The article highlights changes in approaches to monetary policy through the use of blockchain-based digital currencies, as well as discusses challenges that may arise in implementing this technology. The conclusions of this article may be valuable for government agencies, central banks, and researchers interested in the impact of blockchain technology on the financial sector. In recent years, the adoption of blockchain technology as an alternative to fiat currencies in various countries around the world has significantly expanded globally, as a significant number of business organizations have recognized the importance of all the advantages that blockchain technology provides. Previously, the focus was on cost control to remain competitive, but lately blockchain technologies have somewhat shifted the significance and monetary mass, influencing the structure of a certain country's monetary base. Based on recent research and publications, the article emphasizes the importance of understanding economic principles that govern the determination of the impacts of various economic and financial indicators on components of economic growth and predicting the consequences of such decisions. It references the seminal work of economists P. Romer, R. Lucas, R. Barro, I. Salla y Martin, and R. Levine, who laid the foundation for studying endogenous economic development. The purpose of this article is to investigate the practice of implementing blockchain technology in the financial support of various economic processes of economic entities and their impact on the structure of a country's monetary base. Thus, it has been identified that the influence of blockchain on the structure of the monetary base itself has received little attention. Despite blockchain being used as an alternative to components of the monetary base, thereby changing its structure within a certain country, most studies focus on literature reviews and provide information for practitioners and academic communities. Therefore, this article aims to bridge the gap by developing a model to identify distortions in the structure of the monetary base under the influence of blockchain. The effective use of blockchain is still being explored. As a result, the operations of many companies using blockchain technologies for payments are vulnerable to technical issues. Blockchain technology is utilized to address this problem and facilitate data exchange among relevant stakeholders. This document presents a benchmark for the impact of blockchain technology on the structure and mass of the monetary base for a specific country, integrating blockchain for sustainable money functioning with the integration of the Internet of Things and big data. Finally, potential benefits and limitations are analyzed during the implementation of this framework. Methods. Macroeconomic analysis, econometric analysis, trend analysis. Results. Determination of the level of influence of blockchain technologies on the change in the structure and volume of the monetary base of a certain country. The study casts doubt on classical economic doctrines by establishing a strong correlation between the distribution of components of the monetary base in its structure and the use of blockchain technology for payments for goods, labor, and services. It emphasizes that the economic growth of a country and the structure of its monetary base depend on the proportion of blockchain technology usage in that country. This research opens up possibilities for further studies in this interdisciplinary field.&#x0D;

Agroforestry: An Effective Potential Tool for Ensuring Quality Life for the Indian Farmers: A Review

Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the succeeding Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been at the heart of the global development agenda. Where half of the population is being employed in the agriculture sector in a rapidly growing demographics like India, the pressure is very tense on the natural resources in order to make harmony between economy and environment. Uplifting the majority of farming families from the poverty line (doubling farmer’s income by 2022 is a time frame set up by NITI Aayog) and ensuring a quality of life in the line of globally standardised development goals has been reflected in governments’ policies. The potential of tangible and intangible benefits referred to as an ecosystem service, delivered by agroforestry systems have been widely accepted all over the world. The need for a climate-resilient and sustainable system of land use for food security is the aim of the new world. The present review discusses the scope of agroforestry for food, environment and economic security that will be helpful for an all-round development of farmer’s life in a rapidly developing country like India, which has a diversified agricultural scenario throughout the length and breadth of the country. We referred peer-reviewed research papers and government publications to come into a conclusion regarding the status of agroforestry as a potential tool in Indian agricultural scenario to ensure a quality of life to the farmers and further suggestions. The potentiality of taking traditional agroforestry practices to a new level through contract tree farming, financing through banking institutions, integrating agroforestry farmers with industries and a tree insurance approach may be a way forward in the country to augment’s farm income and adaption of suitable agroforestry practices as compatible to agro-climatic zones.

Unsaid known in the boardroom: theorizing unspoken assessments of behavioral board dynamics

Effective board performance relies heavily on the smooth exchange of information and knowledge among members. However, the sociocognitive processes surrounding these information exchanges within boards, known as board dynamics, are often treated as a black box in corporate governance research. With the goal of advancing the understanding of communication-centered board dynamics, this paper develops a theoretical model of unsaid known in the boardroom. Drawing on the communication, psycho-dynamics, and governance literature, we theorize how board members jointly make sense through what they think and say and not say and offer propositions. We discern between the implicit theories of senders and listeners, shaping decision-making. Our conceptual model suggests that heightened collective awareness among board members regarding communication incongruences can improve decision-making. Addressing these discrepancies can enhance boards’ capacity for informed decision-making and optimize outcomes.

Developing a Framework for Self-regulatory Governance in Healthcare AI Research: Insights from South Korea

This paper elucidates and rationalizes the ethical governance system for healthcare AI research, as outlined in the ‘Research Ethics Guidelines for AI Researchers in Healthcare’ published by the South Korean government in August 2023. In developing the guidelines, a four-phase clinical trial process was expanded to six stages for healthcare AI research: preliminary ethics review (stage 1); creating datasets (stage 2); model development (stage 3); training, validation, and evaluation (stage 4); application (stage 5); and post-deployment monitoring (stage 6). Researchers identified similarities between clinical trials and healthcare AI research, particularly in research subjects, management and regulations, and application of research results. In the step-by-step articulation of ethical requirements, this similarity benefits from a reliable and flexible use of existing research ethics governance resources, research management, and regulatory functions. In contrast to clinical trials, this procedural approach to healthcare AI research governance effectively highlights the distinct characteristics of healthcare AI research in research and development process, evaluation of results, and modifiability of findings. The model exhibits limitations, primarily in its reliance on self-regulation and lack of clear delineation of responsibilities. While formulated through multidisciplinary deliberations, its application in the research field remains untested. To overcome the limitations, the researchers’ ongoing efforts for educating AI researchers and public and the revision of the guidelines are expected to contribute to establish an ethical research governance framework for healthcare AI research in the South Korean context in the future.

Impact of Cyber-Attacks on Banking Institutions in India: A Study of Safety Mechanisms and Preventive Measures

This study intends to investigate the disastrous effects of cybercrime on financial institutions, as well as the creation of a strong cybersecurity mechanism and attempts to mitigate its effects. Banks are its direct target as of late. Many banks in India are frequently the target of widespread malware attacks, which not only expose private and sensitive data but also result in significant financial losses. This study’s goals are to determine which company sectors are more vulnerable to cyberattacks and to guarantee that cyber security protocols are developed and customized. The report includes case study examination of numerous cyberthreats and crimes that have previously resulted in significant financial loss, as well as secondary data analysis from a variety of online resources, including government websites, journals, and research papers. This essay will offer cyber regime insights that will be advantageous to financial institutions, banks, and society at general.