Rescue Technology Research Articles

Efficiency of Embryo Rescue Technology in St. Augustinegrass Breeding

St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] is a popular warm‐season turfgrass in Gulf Coast regions of the United States. Diploid St. Augustinegrass produces fertile seed, but triploids and higher polyploids are mostly sterile. Polyploid St. Augustinegrass cultivars have been selected for their resistance to southern chinch bugs, St. Augustine Decline, and drought tolerance but lack the cold hardiness and shade tolerance of diploids. However, because of sterility barriers, the polyploid germplasm had not been fully used as breeding material until 2009 when we reported the development of interploid hybrids using embryo rescue technology. The objective of the present study was to backcross these first‐generation interploid hybrids with diploid males to produce second‐generation hybrids. Sterility barriers were found to be much greater with second‐generation crosses yielding only 0.00 to 2.69% progeny per interploid hybrid. Using this technique, the embryos are generally rescued 3 wk postpollination, thereby causing a heavy demand on one's time to process spikelets before embryos abort. Our preliminary findings show the use of cold storage at 7°C to potentially extend the processing period up to 2 mo with a slight drop off in efficiency (4.37–6.03% crossability). Our results also show the potential of first‐generation hybrids to exhibit superior performance under drought when compared with diploid cultivars Palmetto and Raleigh. Tested second‐generation interploids did not exhibit superior performance in drought. Nonetheless, our results emphasize the utility of embryo rescue technology in facilitating gene exchange between ploidy levels to generate hybrids with superior performance.

Severe disease of immune imbalance in ICU: persistent inflammation immunosuppression catabolism syndrome

Terminology of persistent inflammation immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS) is developed based on the concept of multiple organ failure (MOF), which reflect that the preponderance is gradually reversed from pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation, and eventually the state of simultaneously persistent inflammation and severe immunosuppression appeared. Although the improvement of rescue technology and management increase the early survival rates of patient with critical illnesses, the long-term outcomes of most patients are not optimistic. The patients with PICS are difficult to treat or prevent, and are likely to indolent death and have a rising incidence, which is an important challenge to the intensive care unit (ICU). The paper review the understanding of PICS, summarize the specific changes of immune system in PICS, and explore the immunological markers for early recognition of PICS and judgment of immune state in order to provide new thinking for prevention and control of PICS.

Investigation on Life Rescue Technologies on Road-airbags and Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)

This study is mainly inclined towards understanding why there is a necessity for Airbags and ABS in vehicles and to analyse its pros and cons. A survey is been presented in this study on whether the use of airbags and ABS is beneficial to help curb road accidents. Accidents are prevailing world-wide due to the increased number of vehicles. These unexpected happenings lead to terrific consequences like causing damage to the vehicle and the people travelling in it. Damage to the vehicle can be passed over but if a human is being killed because of an accident, then it is pathetic. Hence AIRBAGS and ABS can be implemented, so that even if a massive accident happens, the victim is left with considerable injuries rather than having his life at stake. We mainly forward through this paper, an analysis of how a human life a can be saved by implementing these technologies. The working of airbags and ABS; also how they can be more efficient is also projected in this study.

Analysis of Collapse Earthquake Plan and Rescue Technology of Existing Concrete Frame Structure

This paper aims at the problem which is lack of practical operability although there are many written instructions in collapse earthquake plan and rescue technology of existing concrete frame structure. Research status of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction of existing concrete frame structure is presented. the existing problems of rescue program and technology is analyzed when earthquake is happened in existing concrete frame structure, it is critical to improve the relevant technology standards and regulations and to implement prevention for to solve the problems, the main content of prevention collapse earthquake is pointed out. The result will give some guidelines to the research of collapse earthquake plan and rescue technology of existing concrete frame structure.

Designing Search and Rescue Robots towards Realistic User Requirements

In the event of a large crisis (think about typhoon Haiyan or the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan), a primordial task of the rescue services is the search for human survivors on the incident site. This is a complex and dangerous task, which often leads to loss of lives among the human crisis managers themselves. The introduction of unmanned search and rescue devices can offer a valuable tool to save human lives and to speed up the search and rescue process. In this context, the EU-FP7-ICARUS project [1] concentrates on the development of unmanned search and rescue technologies for detecting, locating and rescuing humans.A main factor which explains why there is so little robotic technology applied on the terrain in real-life search and rescue operations, is that the complex nature and difficult operating conditions of search and rescue operations pose heavy constraints on the mechanical design of the unmanned platforms. In this paper, we discuss the different user requirements which have an impact of the design of the mechanical systems (air, ground and marine robots). We show how these user requirements are obtained, how they are validated, how they lead to design specifications for operational prototypes which are tested in realistic operational conditions and we show how the final mechanical design specifications are derived from these different steps. An important aspect of all these design steps which is emphasized in this paper is to always keep the end-users (in this case the search and rescue workers) in the loop in order to come to realistic requirements and mechanical design specifications, ensuring the practical deployability [2] of the developed platforms.

Application of micro-skill straining for emergency response capabilities of junior nurses in emergency room

Objective To observe and explore the effects of micro-skill straining for the emergency response capability of junior nurses in emergency room （ ER） .Methods The micro-skill straining was used to train 31 junior nurses .Before and after training , comparison was done for the following aspects： the ER specialist theoretical knowledge , rescue technology and standard operating procedures .Results Before the training, the scores of the ER theoretical knowledge , rescue technology and case nursing were （85.93 ±4.30）, （86.17 ±3.68） and （83.14 ±4.70）, respectively.After the training, those scores were （90.74 ±4.72）, （92.55 ±4.21） and （90.25 ±4.58）, respectively.The differences were statistically significant （t=-2.484,-2.665, -2.956, respectively; P〈0.05）.The difference of the score of ER theoretical knowledge was statistically significant before and after the training （t=-2.848 to -2.472; P〈0.05）.The total score of rescue technology before the training was （74.50 ±4.74）, which were significantly lower than （88.05 ±4.66） after the training （t=-4.824, P〈0.05）.Besides, the time spend on operating procedures before and after the training was statistically significant （t=2.470 to 2.662;P〈0.05）.Conclusions The micro-skill mode adopted in short-term teaching each day can greatly improve the emergency response capability of junior nurses . The method is well suited to the specialist training . Key words: On-the-job training; Emergency service,hospital; Nurse; Micro-skills; Emergency response capability

Factors that affect rescue time in urban search and rescue (USAR) operations

Recent structural collapses were studied in order to identify gaps in technology and to propose priorities in enhancing urban search and rescue (USAR) tools. The timelines of the events were examined with the scope of extracting critical factors that affect rescue time and can be used to define priorities in tools and technologies development, so that efficient and fast location, recovery and treatment of victims can be achieved. In this context, seven factors were identified: (1) best practices and lessons learned, (2) rescue technology, (3) community involvement, (4) information systems, (5) technology integration, (6) crisis management and (7) available budget. Each of these factors is reviewed, analyzed and discussed with the scope of providing future developments in tools and technology for USAR operations.

Development of the Subsurface Detection System of Drilling Robot

In this paper, the current domestic and overseas research status of subsurface drilling robots was investigated, and then, the theoretical basis, performance and defects of application of the main methods of subsurface detection technology was analyzed and compared. According to the requirements of subsurface detection system of drilling robot, authors propose to build the detection systems of subsurface drilling robot on miniaturized impulse GPR. Relative research results will strongly support the development of subsurface drilling robot, and it is ofgreat practical significance and social benefits tocarry on further studyof the subsurface exploration, development and rescue technology.

The particularity of rescue technology and equipment in earthquake confined space

地震后受灾群众通过自救互救可以将一些浅层压埋伤者救出;辖区内或省市内救援队也可以通过机械化挖掘、顶升工具将困压在厚重预制板下的伤者成功救出;而救援难度最大的是对狭窄空间(confined space)内人员的救援,需要特殊化的救援装备和技术.建筑物倒塌后形成的狭窄空间为受困者提供了较大的生存概率,但该倒塌结构又具有救援难度最大的特点,因此,地震狭窄空问救援能力直接反映了城市救援队(Urban Search and Rescue Team,USAR)的专业水平.本文结合救援实践中遇到的问题探讨如何进行个体化狭窄空间救援。

Main Characteristics and Prevention Strategy of Disaster in Binhai Industrial Park

Binhai Industrial Park faces high risk of industrial disaster, and owing to its location near the Sea, it is subject to the influence of chain disaster resulted from natural calamities (leakage chain disaster, blast chain disaster). Therefore, it is essential that we tighten our control on each level and break the chain of disaster through disaster monitoring technology, risk assessment technology and emergency rescue technology. And the whole work should be based on the theory of chain-cutting disaster mitigation and the technology of 3S digital information. We should emphasize on the function of disaster prevention when we plan Binhai Industrial Park and design the industrial buildings, improve the technique of comprehensive disaster prevention within the framework of urban planning. With the adoption of certain counter-disaster strategies (the strategies should be related to the natural causing factors of the industrial disaster, such as storm tide), we will achieve our goal of building a disaster-free industrial park.

Cutting Edge Fire Prevention and Rescue Technology of Super-Long Highway Tunnel

Cutting Edge Fire Prevention and Rescue Technology of Super-Long Highway Tunnel

A brief study on status and reason of caesarean section and its effect

Objective To study the status and reason of caesarean section and its effect to obstetrics and gynecology department. Methods Caesarean section was the effective method to solve dystocia and some high risk pregnancy before 1980s. With the improving of anesthesia,caesarean section and newborn rescue technology, the cesarean rate was increased year after year. Results There were many reasons, the main one was the social factors, secondly, the diagnostic technique was improved and the reducing application of the vagina deliver technique, etc. ,There were man y complications after caesarean section, and the maternal mortality was higher than that of vaginal spontaneous labour. Conclusion Doctors are expected to correctly master the operative indication for caesare an section, increase vagina deliver technique, reduce cesarean section rate and improve obstetric quality. Key words: Caesarean section; Cesarean section rate; Improve; Social factors

Asia Rescue Bureau: A Ladder Toward an Integrated Asian Community

Asia constitutes a continent with the largest population as well as the most frequent area where natural disasters take place. The natural calamities in Asia include tsunami, flood, drought, typhoon, storm, earthquakes and so on. At the same time, with the economic situation of some Asian countries lagging somewhat behind, and the great disparity between rich countries and poor countries accompanied with the unbalanced disaster rescue technology between them, natural catastrophe is of great consequence to the impoverished countries. In this perspective, it is quite crucial to strengthen regional cooperation, especially to establish a regional disaster rescue institute: the Asia Rescuing Bureau. The establishment of Asia Rescuing Bureau, having taken into consideration the real situation of Asian countries such as political and sovereignty sensitivity and the stagnant regional integration due to some historical problems, should pay close attention to political relations between Asian countries and minimize the political attributes of the institute together with expelling the possibility that the bureau is controlled by some great powers. The aim of the Asia Rescuing Bureau is not only to advance extensive communications among disaster-stricken countries such as disaster prediction, the integration of disaster resources and cooperation in the process of rescuing, but more importantly, to take natural disaster as the first step and extend cooperation into areas such as economic and political aspects, thus providing a brand new mode of Asia integration.

Potential of Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus as a biocontrol agent for smoky-brown cockroach, P. fuliginosa

A densovirus, named Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus (PfDNV), affects smoky-brown cockroach ( P. fuliginosa), which is a major peridomestic cockroach in China, southeastern United States, Japan, and Southeast Asia. We reported here that PfDNV could be mass-produced using virus rescue technology. Pathology and ultrastructural studies revealed the presence of enlarged and dense nuclei in hindgut cells of infected smoky-brown cockroach nymphs and adults. Laboratory bioassays of the PfDNV against P. fuliginosa showed that it has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent. High mortality was recorded in adult smoky-brown cockroaches treated with PfDNV baits at the dosage of 6 × 10 4 virions per gram against P. fuliginosa in both no-choice tests and two-choice tests (LT 50’s were 13.37 and 13.50 days, respectively). PfDNV was also effective in large population chamber tests. LT 50 was 17.57 days and mortality achieved was 95.6% in 28 observation days.

Democrats Rescue Technology Research Program

U.S. INNOVATION Written off as dead by critics and fans alike, the Advanced Technology Program (ATP) has been given a $79 million lifeline from Democrats in the U.S. Congress. Run by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ATP was begun in the early 1990s as a way to help companies conduct research aimed at commercializing new products. It has supported everything from genomics to materials science. Republicans—including the current Bush Administration—have long derided it as so-called corporate welfare, however, and neither the Senate nor the House included money in NIST's 2007 spending bills for the program. But after Republicans left Democrats with the job of finishing this year's budget ( Science , 22 December 2006, p. [1862][1]), staffers staved off ATP's demise in the spending bill President George W. Bush signed 2 weeks ago. “This was under the radar,” says lobbyist Robert Boege of the Alliance for Science & Technology Research in America in Washington, D.C., of the turnaround, which he says “defied even metaphysics.” Congressional aides and lobbyists say top Democrats on Capitol Hill, including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), view the program as an essential piece of the House Democrats' “Innovation Agenda” introduced nearly a year before they won control of Congress. Last week, NIST officials said that details of the competition, including how much money will be available, will be announced in the spring. “I am actually very proud, as NIST's director, to be hearing about [ATP] success stories,” NIST head William Jeffrey told a House science committee panel last week in testimony on the agency's 2008 budget request, which once again zeroes out the program. But, he added, “the issue is, in the Administration's view-point, whether or not [ATP] is the appropriate role for the federal government.” [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.314.5807.1862b

100 Jahre Dräger-Medizintechnik (1902 - 2002) - oder: im Zentrum steht der Sauerstoff

This survey analyses the history of 100 years of Draeger Medical Technology. Between 1889 and 1902 a number of inventions on the field of pressure gas technology allowed to solve application problems, which until then proved major obstacles to the safe and efficient use of compressed gases such as oxygen, nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide for medical and industrial purposes. A special significance is to be awarded here to pressure reducing valves, but also reliable manometers, nozzles and valves for pressure tanks were not generally available until then. These were first successfully and on a really significant scale introduced into international medical and non-medical pressure-gas technology by Draeger Inc. (Luebeck/Germany), and proved particularly successful in anaesthesia and rescue-devices (e. g. in the "Roth-Draeger Anaesthesia Apparatus" (1902). Consequently, starting in 1902, Draeger Inc. increasingly put an emphasis on developing medical and rescue technology and -- by doing so -- gained an important influence on the history of the implementation of modern oxygen therapy and of inhalative anaesthesia. A survey of the historically most important Draeger-Developments is provided.

USAR competitions for physically situated robots

Robot competitions enhance search and rescue technology while raising awareness and attracting funds. Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) is a branch of rescue that concentrates on victim detection and removal from man-made structures, such as collapsed buildings after an earthquake. This is in contrast to the other branch of rescue, wilderness rescue, that concerns people lost in open spaces. Recent advances in robotics platforms and intelligent software, combined with the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing in the United earthquake in Japan, followed by earthquakes in Taiwan and Turkey, have led to a growing international USAR robotics community.

EAGLE Vertical Take-off and Landing Aerial Rescue Platform

DM Aero Safe Group, a small Israeli research and development team, has developed a totally new high-rise rescue technology to retrieve trapped people from areas which cannot be reached by conventional aerial ladder or aerial platform, conventional helicopter or a helicopter equipped with a Heli-Basket. The proposed Eagle Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aerial Rescue Platform is developed with the aim to rescue up to ten people at a time by approach and direct mooring at any level of a high-rise building or structure in case of natural or man-made disasters. Eagle can access narrow canyons, city streets, smokestacks, bridges and towers.

Drift Errors in Search and Rescue: The Report on the 1992 Drift Experiment off Cape Race Newfoundland

The national SAR (search and rescue) objective is to prevent loss of life and injury through search and rescue alerting, responding and aiding activities. Specific objectives under the SAR Branch's five year R & D (research and development) plan are: reduction of search time, improvement of rescue technology, and systems integration. The project described in this paper falls under the first objective – reduction of search time.