Usage Requirements Research Articles

Deep reinforcement learning-based gait optimization for bionic quadruped robots

With the development of natural science and technology, bionic robots are gradually becoming popular in different workplaces, and bionic quadrupedal robots are one of the most widely used categories at present. In recent years, people have been looking for ways to optimize the gait of bionic quadrupedal robots, so that they can complete their work more quickly and efficiently while adapting to environmental changes. Based on recent research and innovations, the existing mechanisms of the robot have been improved and different designs have been introduced to enhance its capabilities, such as improved balance, increased speed, or better obstacle navigation. At the same time, multi-objective optimization and deep reinforcement learning have been used to train the robot's gait through intelligent algorithms. Additionally, different optimization schemes have been tested using various simulation environments to ensure excellent motion control across different terrains. In this paper, by collecting gait optimization solutions in recent years, it is found that existing techniques have greatly reduced gait instability and improved the overall performance of the robot while maintaining efficient robot motion, which greatly satisfies the usage requirements.

Validation study on the assay method for anti-factor IIa potency of enoxaparin sodium.

Enoxaparin sodium is a low molecular mass heparin essential for effective anticoagulation therapy. However, significant variations in testing methods across different manufacturers have led to poor reproducibility of results, increasing the risks associated with drug quality evaluation by manufacturers and regulatory oversight. This study integrates the strengths of various testing methods to establish a reproducible assay that has been thoroughly validated. The validation results demonstrate that the method exhibits excellent specificity, linearity, robustness, precision, and accuracy, with recovery rates ranging from 98.0% to 102.0%. The new method demonstrated high consistency and reproducibility, with an RSD value of less than 2.0%, and showed the potential to replace the European Pharmacopoeia method by reducing reagent usage, experimental costs, and equipment requirements. The reliable results of this method facilitate its adoption across different laboratories, enhance the quality control of enoxaparin sodium, and provide a reference for new manufacturers and drug regulatory authorities, thereby ensuring medication safety.

Research on the Influence of Ceramic Diameter on Anti-penetration Performance under Constrained Conditions

Abstract Three dimensional constraints can improve the anti-penetration performance of ceramics. According to the actual usage requirements of armor structures, a three-dimensional constrained ceramic composite structure was designed. The influence of ceramic diameter on the penetration resistance of composite structures under three-dimensional constraint conditions was studied by combining experimental and numerical simulation methods. The research results indicate that during the penetration process of long rod projectiles, circumferential constraints can effectively suppress the circumferential fracture of ceramics, while frontal constraints can suppress the fracture of ceramics along the direction of projectile incidence. Three dimensional constraints can improve the penetration resistance of ceramics. For long rod projectiles, the confinement performance of the circumferential structure on ceramics can be fully utilized when the ceramic diameter is three times the diameter of the projectile. Circumferential constraints not only suppress ceramic fragmentation, but also enhance the interaction force between ceramics and projectiles.

P057 Review of longitudinal CPAP compliance in a government funded program

Abstract Intro Compliance to CPAP therapy in patients with significant sleep apnoea improves overall health outcomes. The Government Funded Sleep Disorders Program (GFSDP) supplies CPAP devices to patients with significant sleep apnoea (apnoea-hypoxia index (AHI)>15) or significant symptom burden (Epworth sleepiness score (ESS)>10). To retain a GFSDP device, participants must meet the minimum usage requirements of 4hours/night. The aim of this study is to investigate longitudinal CPAP compliance of patients within the GFSDP. This information will assist with the goal of improving overall patient outcomes and tailoring service provisions offered by the healthcare institution. Methods 150 GFSDP devices were issued from 2018 to May 2024. A retrospective analysis of patient compliance at commencement of therapy (Group 1), compared with current 3month compliance data (Group 2). 45 devices without remote monitoring were excluded from the study. Usage (hours/night) and AHI comparison between data groups were analysed using a paired T-test. Results 105 subjects were analysed, age=60.9±12.80SD, 56 female, BMI=42.26±6.59SD, diagnostic AHI=59.4±32.16SD. Group 1: usage=6.6hrs/night(SD±1.35); Group 2: usage =6.96hrs/night(±1.93SD), p=0.743. Group 1: AHI=6.7(±1.38SD); Group 2: AHI=3.21(±4.18SD), p=0.492. 9% (n=10) patients were found to be non-compliant with an average usage of 1.26hrs/night. Discussion 91% of patients showed continued acceptable compliance. There was no statistical difference in usage or AHI between Group 1 and Group 2. Patients identified as not compliant with the program in the past 3 months will be booked into clinic for review. More data is required to further investigate other relationships or trends that might exist within GFSDP participants

Performance evaluation of a steam generation system using a novel semi-open heat pump for waste heat recovery in dyeing industry

In order to reduce the steam cost of dyeing industries, a steam generation system with a novel semi-open heat pump is proposed in this paper. It can recover the heat of high temperature wastewater and steam condensate simultaneously. With the use of natural refrigerant, water that is the same medium as the steam, part of the compressed steam out of the heat pump compressor can be compressed continuously by another compressor to reach the usage requirement of dyeing processes, making the steam generation system more concise. Besides, high efficiency contact condenser and water-injected twin screw steam compressor are used for the energy efficiency enhancement. Mathematic models are established and solved for the performance evaluation of the whole steam generation system. Firstly, influence of the heat pump design parameters is analyzed for performance optimization. Afterwards, performance comparison is carried out between the new steam generation system and a conventional steam generation system using heat pump with R245fa. Finally, the economic benefits by using the steam generation system in a dyeing process are discussed. Results show that the proposed system always outperforms the conventional system in thermal and economic performances. Optimal evaporation temperature exits to obtain the maximum economic benefits. With the use of novel semi-open heat pump, specific power consumption for steam generation can be as low as 188 kW h/t. By recovering the heat of 1 t/h waste water at 85 °C, the new system can generate 0.064 t saturated steam (150 °C) and about $1.02 economic benefit can be yielded, demonstrating its great development and application value.

Preparation of Phosphorus/Hollow Silica Microsphere Modified Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber Composites and Their Thermal Insulation and Flame Retardant Properties

Since thermal insulation materials with a single function cannot satisfy the increasing requirements for complex usage, the combination of thermal insulation with flame retardancy is desirable in multiple applications. Herein, phosphorous-containing flame retardant modifier (5.0 wt.%, 9.0 wt.%, and 13.0 wt.%) and hollow silica microsphere (130 nm of diameter) were composited with polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers via electrospinning technique. Electrospun phosphorous/silica/carbon nanofibers (P/HSM/CF) exhibited a uniform and clear fibrous structure (508, 170, and 1550 nm of average fiber diameter) with modified uniform and complete spherical silica. Reduced thermal conductivity (39.9–41.2 mW/m/K) and enhanced limiting oxygen index (29.5–33.5%) were achieved, enabling fire protection grade of fiber membrane from UL-94 V-1 grade to UL-94 V-0 grade efficiently. Moreover, favorable tensile strength (8.64–9.27 MPa) and elongation at break (43.28–48.54%) were obtained, presenting expected applications in structural components. The findings of this work provided a valuable reference for the fabrication of carbon nanofiber-based thermal insulation materials with excellent flame retardant and mechanical properties.

Playgrounds as Residual Areas—Case Study of a Playground Regeneration Proposal in Târgu-Mureș, Romania

Playgrounds are envisaged as spaces designed to provide a safe and enjoyable environment that facilitates physical activity among children and adolescents. However, in various instances within cities formerly under socialist governance, these playgrounds have suffered neglect and lacked maintenance, coherent conceptual frameworks, professional oversight, suitable materials for playground structures, and attention to vegetation or potentially toxic elements. They became residual areas in the city’s built environment. Presently, the evaluation and the regeneration of playgrounds in cities have emerged as a significant task. Amidst the densely populated urban fabric, these spaces hold considerable importance for outdoor activities, social interaction, recreational pursuits, and the healthy development of future generations. Simultaneously, these places can play a crucial role in a city’s green infrastructure, local landscapes, and the challenges of sustainability prompted by climate change. The landscape analysis of 22 playgrounds classified them based on land use characteristics, location, functions, equipment, quality, and accessibility. A case study in Târgu-Mureș, scrutinized in detail within this analysis due to its proximity to the city center, within a densely populated urban area, and its multifaceted functionalities, underscores the need for a comprehensive approach encompassing diverse disciplines to address its manifold usage requirements.

Fatigue life analysis of a special vehicle lower control arm

Abstract To enhance vehicle structural fatigue durability and improve design methods, this study analyzed and predicted the fatigue life of a special vehicle control arm. Finite element analysis was used to model the control arm, identify stress hot spots, and determine fatigue damage locations. Strain loads under test conditions were measured, and data processing, including spectrum analysis and low-pass filtering, was performed to create a load spectrum using the rain flow counting method. Fatigue life and damage were analyzed using the nominal stress method and Miner’s criterion in Ncode software. Results show that the fatigue damage distribution matches actual road conditions, with an expected life of 21, 200 hours, meeting usage requirements.

Modification of New Semiconductor Materials by Doping

In the era of information, people’s lives are inseparable from electronic equipments. Semiconductors are key materials for manufacturing electronic equipment, which can be applied in multiple fields such as integrated circuits, solar cells, and so on. However, pure semiconductors have a single property, which are difficult to meet the design and usage requirements of different electronic devices. To solve the problem, introducing heteroatoms for modification to make them have more suitable performance will be a good way. Good semiconductor performance generally relies on precise control of the doping process. Different types of semiconductor materials typically require specific doping techniques to improve its performance. Adding small amounts of heteroatoms to pure semiconductors can significantly improve their conductivity by forming p/n junctions or achieving specific functions. Doping technology has been widely used in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. It is of great significance for the manufacturing of chips, photovoltaics and other devices. At present, there are still many shortcomings in doping technology. It may come across the semiconductor structure failure caused by doping, or difficulty in meeting performance requirements for use. Thereofore, continuous research and improvement are still needed. This paper reviewed the applications and the doping techniques of various semiconductor materials including two-dimensional semiconductors and organic semiconductors. In addition, it also provides prospects for their related applications and development.

Effect of heat input on the microstructure and performance of dissimilar welded joint between Q345B low-alloy steel and 2205 duplex stainless steel

Q345B/2205 dissimilar steel multi-layer multi-pass welded joints were prepared using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The effects of heat inputs on the microstructures and properties of welded joints were studied. The morphology and composition distribution of Q345B base metal near the fusion line were investigated. The results showed that the welded joints under different heat inputs were all present “carbon depleted zone” and “carburized zones” on both sides of the Q345B base metal and transition layer interface. The microstructure of the “carburized zones” was composed of martensite phase and granular bainite phase. It was found that only the welded joints with heat inputs of 1.765 kJ/mm and 2.860 kJ/mm met the usage requirements. The corrosion behavior and characteristics of the welded joint with a heat input of 1.765 kJ/mm in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution were investigated intensively. During the soaked process of 14 days, the total impedance value of the welded joint showed first increasing and then decreasing. The maximum value of 8.7 kΩ cm2 was obtained on the 5th day. As the soaked time increased, the corrosion products of the welded joint underwent the formation, thickening, cracking and detachment, which was the main reason of the change in the corrosion resistance. The research results of this article have significant implications for the application of low-alloy steel and stainless steel welded joints in engineering.

Effects of Inosine-5′-monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH/GuaB) Inhibitors on Borrelia burgdorferi Growth in Standard and Modified Culture Conditions

Borrelia burgdorferi’s inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, GuaB encoded by the guaB gene) is a potential therapeutic target. GuaB is necessary for B. burgdorferi replication in mammalian hosts but not in standard laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, we cannot test novel GuaB inhibitors against B. burgdorferi without utilizing mammalian infection models. This study aimed to evaluate modifications to a standard growth medium that may mimic mammalian conditions and induce the requirement of GuaB usage for replication. The effects of two GuaB inhibitors (mycophenolic acid, 6-chloropurine riboside at 125 μM and 250 μM) were assessed against B. burgdorferi (guaB+) grown in standard Barbour–Stoenner–Kelly-II (BSK-II) medium (6% rabbit serum) and BSK-II modified to 60% concentration rabbit serum (BSK-II/60% serum). BSK-II directly supplemented with adenine, hypoxanthine, and nicotinamide (75 μM each, BSK-II/AHN) was also considered as a comparison group. In standard BSK-II, neither mycophenolic acid nor 6-chloropurine riboside affected B. burgdorferi growth. Based on an ANOVA, a dose-dependent increase in drug effects was observed in the modified growth conditions (F = 4.471, p = 0.001). Considering higher drug concentrations at exponential growth, mycophenolic acid at 250 μM reduced spirochete replication by 48% in BSK-II/60% serum and by 50% in BSK-II/AHN (p < 0.001 each). 6-chloropurine riboside was more effective in both mediums than mycophenolic acid, reducing replication by 64% in BSK-II/60% serum and 65% in BSK-II/AHN (p < 0.001 each). These results demonstrate that modifying BSK-II medium with physiologically relevant levels of mammalian serum supports replication and induces the effects of GuaB inhibitors. This represents the first use of GuaB inhibitors against Borrelia burgdorferi, building on tests against purified B. burgdorferi GuaB. The strong effects of 6-chloropurine riboside indicate that B. burgdorferi can salvage and phosphorylate these purine derivative analogs. Therefore, this type of molecule may be considered for future drug development. Optimization of this culture system will allow for better assessment of novel Borrelia-specific GuaB inhibitor molecules for Lyme disease interventions. The use of GuaB inhibitors as broadcast sprays or feed baits should also be evaluated to reduce spirochete load in competent reservoir hosts.

A brief analysis of spectral technology for effective utilization of full spectrum of solar energy

In this paper, a spectroscopic technology based on a trough-type parabolic condenser is proposed, which effectively utilizes the full spectrum of solar energy for light transmission through optical fibers. The technology comprises four parts, which are concentration, transmission, splitting, and detection, and its application in the field of clean energy was explored. A one-way glass is introduced into the installation as a device for light transmission restriction. The one-way transmittance of one-way glass effectively ensures the transmission direction of sunlight. According to the light simulation results from TracePro software, after the light was transmitted through the one-way glass reflection device, light intensity was guaranteed to meet usage requirements. After being focused by collimating lens and Fresnel lens, the light is introduced into a Roland circle spectroscopic system through an optical fiber. After splitting, various types of light passing through the detection system are introduced into their respective optical fibers for long-distance transmission and use. From the experiments, it was found that through reasonable splitting and the targeted use of different wavelength bands, the effective utilization of the full spectrum of solar energy significantly improved, verifying the feasibility of the device design idea.

Role of Embolic Protection in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention without Saphenous Venous graft lesions in ST-elevation myocardial infarction - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Embolic protection devices are catheter-based devices that can be used to capture atherosclerotic remnants released during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aim to study the efficacy and safety of EPDs in PCIs without saphenous vein grafts (SVG) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). 3 electronic databases of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to Apr 10, 2024, to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared outcomes of patients subjected to EPD during PCI with control group where EPDs were not utilized. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) at 30 days, post-PCI Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 3 flow attainment, ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes post-procedure and post-procedure angiographically detectable signs of distal embolization. The effect estimates of outcomes were assessed using risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted using the restricted maximum likelihood method given the inter-study variance was inevitable. We included 3 RCTs enrolling 741 patients (age 61.6 ± 12.15 years, 22% females) undergoing PCI without SVG lesions. As opposed to the control group, the use of EPD did not yield a significant effect on all-cause mortality (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.31-1.86; I2 = 0%), MACCE (RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.34-1.27; I2 = 0%), post-PCI TIMI 3 flow (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.86-1.62; I2 = 77%) and ST segment resolution at 90 minutes post-procedure (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90-1.22; I2 = 0%). However, EPD significantly decreased angiographically detectable signs of distal embolization (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.99; I2 = 0%). EPD significantly reduced angiographically detectable signs of distal embolization in PCI without SVG lesions in STEMI, though there were no clinical signs of improved flow or mortality. Further trials are necessary to thoroughly evaluate the potential benefits and requirements of EPD usage in such procedures.

Web-Based DICOM Viewers: A Survey and a Performance Classification.

The standard for managing image data in healthcare is the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) protocol. DICOM web-viewers provide flexible and accessible platforms for their users to view and analyze DICOM images remotely. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation of various web-based DICOM viewers, emphasizing their performance in different rendering scenarios, browsers, and operating systems. The study includes a total of 16 web-based viewers, of which 12 were surveyed, and 7 were compared performance-wise based on the availability of an online demo. The criteria for examination include accessibility features, such as available information or requirements for usage, interface features, such as loading capabilities or cloud storage, two-dimensional (2D) viewing features, such as the ability to perform measurements or alter the viewing window, and three-dimensional (3D) viewing features, such as volume rendering or secondary reconstruction. Only 4 of the viewers allow for the viewing of local DICOM files in 3D (other than MPR(Multiplanar reconstruction)). Premium software offers a large amount of features with overall good performance. One of the free alternatives demonstrated the best efficiency in both 2D and 3D rendering but faces challenges with missing 3D rendering features in its interface, which is still in development. Other free options exhibited slower performance, especially in 2D rendering but have more ready-to-use features on their web app. The evaluation also underscores the importance of browser choice, with some browsers performing much better than the competition, and highlights the significance of hardware when dealing with rendering tasks.

Simulation and investigation of the mild-moderate aging properties of SBS modified bitumen: Physical, microscopic and rheological properties

Styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) modified bitumen (SMB) is unable to meet usage requirements after being exposed to sun-light, heat and oxygen. The researches show that it is difficult to restore bitumen effectively when the penetration of the aged bitumen is below 20 dmm. Therefore, the penetration of 20 dmm is taken as the dividing line in this paper. Higher than 20 dmm is considered as mild-moderate aging, while lower than 20 dmm is considered as severe aging. The traditional rotating thin-film ovens (RTFO) and pressure aging vessels (PAV) methods are similar to simulate the aging behavior of the upper layer of bitumen pavement, but they are difficult to simulate the aging in the depth direction of bitumen pavement. In this paper, the aging of the modified bitumen is simulated by extending the aging time and deepening the depth of the aging mold, and then it is graded according to the penetration. We aimed to investigate the differences in physical, microscopic and rheological properties of SMB with including 0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 3.5 wt%, 4.5 wt% and 5.5 wt% SBS content before and after aging. Through the physical performance, such as penetration, softening point, ductility and elastic recovery, it was observed that a high SBS content leads to strong anti-aging ability. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), fluorescence microscopy (FM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic-force microscope (AFM) revealed that a good network structure can be formed through absorbing light components when the SBS exceeds 3.5 wt%. After that, it was found that there is a positive correlation between aromatic index and penetration, as well as a positive correlation between butadiene index and softening point. Additionally, rheological frequency scanning and temperature scanning indicated that the modulus was increased and the phase angle was decreased with increasing SBS content or aging. After aging, the rutting resistance of SMB was enhanced but the cracking resistance was weakened. This research can establish a theoretical support and foundation for the regeneration of the mild-moderate aged SMB.

Bi-Objective Inventory Policy with Comprehensive Environmental Factors Formulation and Service Level Constraints

As firms and consumers engage with environmental issues, decisions for inventory control need to entail this perspective of sustainability. Most green inventory models employ methods such as carbon caps or taxes for dealing with environmental sustainability. This problem can be more generally tackled via an explicit estimation of the environmental drivers of maintaining inventory in a warehouse, paired with the economic perspective within a transparent multi-objective optimization framework. With this goal, this paper builds on a detailed estimation of environmental and cost factors for a continuous-review inventory policy. The bi-objective problem is tackled by keeping the objective functions separate. In particular, the modeling of greenhouse gas emission or cost performance factors for the inventory encompasses factors that can depend on the decision variables, taking into account aspects such as warehouse location, building characterization, energy usage, and transport requirements. The effects of the emission drivers on the multi-objective optimization decisions are analyzed, considering that the problem can be constrained by multiple service level measures. Stockout response can be multifaceted and different service level measures capture different aspects of inventory shortages, affecting the resulting efficient solutions differently. The results highlight the impact of aspects such as warehouse location and supply capacity on solutions for the multi-objective inventory problem. Managerial decisions are thus influenced by warehousing and supply attributes via a traceable link to specific cost and emission determinants.

Role of Wearable Health Devices in Public Health: Developing Flexible Electronics for Seamless and Continuous Health Monitoring

The strategy for personalized medicine is the incorporation of regular health check-ups and wearable health devices into public health campaigns. These innovations have the potential to reduce the burden on healthcare systems by enabling early detection, improved management of chronic conditions, and provision of real-time personal health data to individuals. To achieve this, problems related to the accuracy of devices used, security of data stored in these devices, compliance with usage requirements by consumers, and relations with the current healthcare system must be addressed. A solution to these barriers has been proposed as a Non-Invasive Flexible Sensors for Health Monitoring (N-IFS-HM) approach which involves making sensors that are lightweight, attractive looking, and provide accurate continuous health information without disturbing the users during their daily activities. Through detailed simulation studies conducted in different healthcare settings, this paper examine the dependability and effectiveness of N-IFS-HM implementation. Consequently, based on simulation results done on delicate sensors such as these, vital signs, activities and minimal discomforting healthcare products can be traced accurately. According to this finding, wearable digital technology with sophisticated flexible electronics can revolutionize how public health is assessed.

GrainSense: A Wireless Grain Moisture Sensing System Based on Wi-Fi Signals

Grain moisture sensing plays a critical role in ensuring grain quality and reducing grain losses. However, existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) grain moisture sensing systems are either expensive, inconvenient or inaccurate, which greatly limit their widespread deployment in real-world scenarios. To fill this gap, we develop a system called GrainSense which leverages COTS Wi-Fi devices to detect the grain moisture without the need for dedicated sensors. Specifically, we propose a wireless grain moisture detection model based on the refraction phenomenon of Wi-Fi signals and the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. On one hand, we correlate the grain moisture with the phase difference between two refracted Wi-Fi signals that propagate along different paths, based on which grain moisture can be deduced accordingly. On the other hand, to reduce the multi-path interference in indoor environments (e.g., the granary), we adopt Wi-Fi beamforming to enhance the refracted signal. In particular, a new signal feature (i.e., the Wi-Fi CSI beamforming ratio) is designed to eliminate the effect of sub-carrier frequency bias and cumulative phase bias. To validate the effectiveness of the developed system, we conduct extensive experiments with different types of grains in both the laboratory and the granary. Results show that the system can accurately estimate the grain moisture with an mean absolute error smaller than 5%, which meets the requirements for commercial usage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model-based work that achieves accurate grain moisture detection based on wireless sensing.

Cancer Stemness Online: A Resource for Investigating Cancer Stemness and Associations with Immune Response.

Cancer progression involves the gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype and the acquisition of progenitor and stem cell-like features, which are potential culprits of immunotherapy resistance. Although the state-of-the-art predictive computational methods have facilitated the prediction of cancer stemness, there remains a lack of efficient resources to accommodate various usage requirements. Here, we present the Cancer Stemness Online, an integrated resource for efficiently scoring cancer stemness potential at both bulk and single-cell levels. This resource integrates eight robust predictive algorithms as well as 27 signature gene sets associated with cancer stemness for predicting stemness scores. Downstream analyses were performed from five distinct aspects: identifying the signature genes of cancer stemness; exploring the associations with cancer hallmarks and cellular states; exploring the associations with immune response and the communications with immune cells; investigating the contributions to patient survival; and performing a robustness analysis of cancer stemness among different methods. Moreover, the pre-calculated cancer stemness atlas for more than 40 cancer types can be accessed by users. Both the tables and diverse visualizations of the analytical results are available for download. Together, Cancer Stemness Online is a powerful resource for scoring cancer stemness and expanding downstream functional interpretation, including immune response and cancer hallmarks. Cancer Stemness Online is freely accessible at http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/CancerStemnessOnline.

Decolonizing global AI governance: assessment of the state of decolonized AI governance in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Global artificial intelligence (AI) governance must prioritize equity, embrace a decolonial mindset, and provide the Global South countries the authority to spearhead solution creation. Decolonization is crucial for dismantling Western-centric cognitive frameworks and mitigating biases. Integrating a decolonial approach to AI governance involves recognizing persistent colonial repercussions, leading to biases in AI solutions and disparities in AI access based on gender, race, geography, income and societal factors. This paradigm shift necessitates deliberate efforts to deconstruct imperial structures governing knowledge production, perpetuating global unequal resource access and biases. This research evaluates Sub-Saharan African progress in AI governance decolonization, focusing on indicators like AI governance institutions, national strategies, sovereignty prioritization, data protection regulations, and adherence to local data usage requirements. Results show limited progress, with only Rwanda notably responsive to decolonization among the ten countries evaluated; 80% are 'decolonization-aware', and one is 'decolonization-blind'. The paper provides a detailed analysis of each nation, offering recommendations for fostering decolonization, including stakeholder involvement, addressing inequalities, promoting ethical AI, supporting local innovation, building regional partnerships, capacity building, public awareness, and inclusive governance. This paper contributes to elucidating the challenges and opportunities associated with decolonization in SSA countries, thereby enriching the ongoing discourse on global AI governance.