Requirements Of Educational Standards Research Articles

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТА АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ОСВІТНІХ ПРОГРАМ ТА НАВЧАЛЬНИХ ПЛАНІВ У ВИЩИХ ОСВІТНІХ ЗАКЛАДАХ

The task of the research is to identify the most promising visualization methods that can help students and teachers to increase their understanding of the structure and content of educational programs, improve the planning of the educational process, as well as facilitate the adaptation of programs to the changing requirements of educational standards and the needs of the labor market. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing methods of visualization of educational programs at the university to identify their effectiveness, areas of application and contribution to improving the quality of the educational process. The research method is an analysis with sequential identification of the most influential features of the studied methods on the final result of data presentation.Data visualization is indispensable for research, analysis and presentation of data, thanks to benefits such as improved audience understanding, effective communication and facilitation of teamwork, identification of patterns and anomalies in the presented material, stronger decision support, accessibility and iterative analysis of the presented material Since the success of becoming a specialist in any field is related to the orientation of students in existing educational programs for different levels of training. In the course of the research, examples of the use of methods of visualization of educational programs in scientific research were analyzed. Since visualization methods can play a key role at all stages of the life cycle of an educational program, from design and development to its direct use, the researched visualization methods allow structuring educational programs, graphically displaying the development of an educational program over time, visually displaying how educational modules and courses are related with educational standards and goals, provide a variety of reports and analytics, identify gaps and identify areas for improvement, integrate external educational resources and materials, organize real-time collaboration, adapt the interface and data presentation to the specific needs of students, teachers and other stakeholders . The result of the research, based on the conducted analysis, are the proposed recommendations for the selection and integration of visualization methods into the educational programs of higher educational institutions.

Теоретические аспекты готовности будущего педагога к аналитической деятельности

Introduction. In the realities of modern society experiencing the processes of globalization and informatization, there is an increasing demand for young professionals with the skills and abilities to analyze large amounts of information, able to make decisions based on data efficiently and quickly. Theoretical analysis. This article discusses the main features of the implementation of the analytical activity of the teacher. One of the key components of a teacher’s professional competence is analytical activity, which allows to analize, predict and evaluate the results of their work, as well as quickly respond to changes in the educational environment. Interpretations of the concept of “readiness” were analyzed, and the essence and structure of the readiness of future teachers for analytical activity were revealed. The novelty of the work lies in the revision of the structural components of the teacher’s readiness for analytical activity, corresponding to modern requirements of educational standards. The necessity of training specialists with the skills and abilities to work with data and information technologies is emphasized. Conclusion. The conclusion is formulated, according to which the formation of the future teacher’s readiness for analytical activity is a necessary factor of his or her successful professional activity, which can be carried out through the use of simulation modeling software in the educational process.

Olympiad on Lightning-Fast Solution of Mathematical Problems as a Psychological and Pedagogical Phenomenon

The article presents the author’s approach of designing an Olympiad on lightning-fast solution of mathematical problems for students of pedagogical universities in order to develop their quick thinking. The aim of the article is to analyse different models of organising Olympiads in mathematics for pupils and students, and to justify the expediency of including Olympiads on lightning-fast problem solving in the educational system of schools and universities. The research methodology is based on the system-activity approach and the requirements of educational standards of basic secondary and higher education, taking into account the labour functions of the professional standard of a teacher. Research results. One of the possible options for organising a mathematics Olympiad for students – future teachers of mathematics is the Olympiad «Dragonfly» for lightning-fast solution of problems of the school course of mathematics of different levels of complexity. When designing the content of such an Olympiad it is necessary to observe a number of principles: balance, brevity, accessibility, dynamism. On the basis of the Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics of the V. P. Astafiev conducted a study to identify the impact of the Olympiad «Dragonfly» on the development of quick thinking in students – its participants. The study confirmed the hypothesis that if students are systematically involved in the process of lightning-fast solution of school mathematical problems of the Olympiad «Dragonfly», it will contribute to the development of their quick thinking. Conclusion. The experimental work has confirmed the expediency of including the Olympiads on lightning-fast problem solving in the educational system of school and university.

Development of emotional intelligence of schoolchildren in the context of a holistic pedagogical process

The article discusses the features of the process of developing the skills of the XXI century in the educational space of a modern school. Emotional intelligence is a key skill of the future. After studying the theoretical aspects of the problem, the experience of developing “soft skills” is revealed. Since emotional intelligence in education requires a comprehensive study, in the article we consider the theoretical foundations of the need for the formation of emotional intelligence of schoolchildren, with an emphasis on the means of self-knowledge and cognition of emotional development in a modern school. The interpretation of the search and the choice of the research implementation is given, which are aimed at the analysis of emotional intelligence with the installation of the problems of necessity and the possibility of their solution in the conditions of modern school. The pedagogical experiment was conducted in order to identify both positive and negative sides of the studied problem: it was found that it is possible to obtain positive dynamics according to all evaluation criteria that allow students to control the development of a high level of emotional intelligence by using a model of emotional intelligence formation, which includes effective support technologies aimed at supporting emotional behavior. Having found the relationship between emotional intelligence and intellectual development, it is proposed to set tasks for a modern school and its teachers to introduce new technologies that allow developing emotional intelligence. In terms of research special attention should be paid to the emotional culture of teachers, which should be transformative and defined as one of the professional competencies of a teacher. The article recommends reviewing the requirements of educational standards and curricula in terms of the introduction of subject-based development of soft skills.

Methodological features of the organization of professional training in mathematics in institutions of general secondary education

Methodological features of the organization of professional training in mathematics in institutions of general secondary education

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ПРОФІЛЬНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ ІНЖЕНЕРНО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

The article deals with the problem of using information technologies in the process of specialized training of students of engineering and pedagogical specialties. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence and peculiarities of the use of information technology in the training of future vocational teachers; to identify the problems of classical teaching methods and to find ways to solve them through the use of information technology. A set of research methods was used, namely: content analysis, generalization and specification of the provisions of the Standards of Higher and Vocational Education of Ukraine, educational programs and curricula, designing the content and structure of an e-learning course, substantiation of the conditions for using e-learning courses in the process of specialized training of students. Results of the study. The Standard of Higher Education of Ukraine, specialty 015 Vocational Education (by specialization), first (bachelor) level, was analyzed. The existing curricula for the training of vocational teachers of transport profile were examined for their compliance with the requirements of educational standards. It has been determined that the normative part of the curriculum includes cycles of general and professional training which contain blocks of fundamental, psychological, pedagogical and methodological, scientific and subject, and practical training. It has been found out that the courses that form the special competencies of vocational teachers of transport profile belong to the block of scientific and subject training. The courses that form the special competencies of transport vocational teachers are highlighted, namely: vehicles and their maintenance, transport logistics, electrical and information-computer systems in transport, traffic rules, operation and repair of transport machine engines, interchangeability, standardization and technical measurements, and technical mechanics. Traditional approaches to the study of these courses are investigated in order to identify the main shortcomings. It has been stated that the traditional methodology of conducting classes involves significant time spent on note-taking of educational material, which can be mastered with greater efficiency using information and communication tools. Ways to eliminate the shortcomings of traditional approaches to the study of specialized courses are proposed, one of which is the development and implementation of e-courses on the Moodle platform, since this platform allows combining different formats of information, makes it possible to timely update the educational material in accordance with the pace of development of the transport industry, as well as it is easy to use and supported by most modern Smart devices. The structural and functional components of the e-learning course are defined including an information and organizational component; a training component; an information and reference component; and a practical component. The requirements for creating and implementing e-learning courses in the educational process are generalized. An e-learning course on the Moodle platform in the Transport Logistics course has been developed. It consists of information and methodological, training, control and evaluation, and reference blocks. A description of the content of these structural blocks is presented. Prospects for further research are identified; these are development of methods for using e-learning courses in specialized subjects in a mixed form of education under martial law.

Formation of Readiness of Future Teachers of Vocational Training to Professional Self-Development by Means of Creative Competition

The relevance of the article is due to the need to train specialists capable of productive work in the conditions of accelerated innovative development, the transition to the use of technologies and equipment of a higher level. This determines the problem of readiness formation for professional self-development, which is especially significant for vocational training teachers who are directly involved in the reproduction of the labor force and are capable of carrying out engineering and technical activities at enterprises and organizations in various sectors of the economy. The authors pointed to the insufficient degree of development of the problem of formation of readiness for professional self-development among future teachers of vocational training, taking into account the multifunctional nature of their work, which is due to the requirements of educational standards. This determined the purpose of the article to identify the essence of professional self-development of a teacher of vocational training and the features of its formation by means of a creative competition. Methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, study of pedagogical experience, conversations and observations, as well as leading positions of system and project methodological approaches were used to conduct the research. The author’s definition of professional self-development of the future teacher of vocational training is presented. The potential possibilities of creative competitions in solving the problem of forming the readiness of students of the direction of training “Professional training (by industry)” for professional self-development based on project planning, which underlies the content of creative competitions and corresponds to the nature of the activity of a teacher of vocational training, are indicated. The experience of preparing future teachers of vocational training at the Lugansk State Pedagogical University for participation in creative competitions is characterized. A systematized list of competencies formed by students at different stages of preparation and participation in creative competitions is presented. Ways of organically combining the possibilities of educational and extracurricular processes in the preparation of future teachers of vocational training for participation in creative competitions and the development of the content of such training, which in general will contribute to the formation of students’ readiness for professional self-development, are proposed. Keywords: professional self-development, vocational training teacher, professional and pedagogical activity, readiness for professional self-development of future vocational training teachers, creative competition, project method

Identification and overcoming of subject deficits of students – future math teachers

Introduction. A modern teacher should be ready to solve a number of urgent professional tasks imposed by the requirements of educational standards and international initiatives. Working teachers experience certain difficulties in their professional activities caused by a number of objective and subjective factors, including the quality of training at a university. The research purpose is to identify and overcome the deficiencies in the subject-methodological training of students – future math teachers in the aspect of modern requirements. Methodology and methods. The study involved forty-eight fourth- and fifth-year students of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature, systematization and generalization of scientific research results, pedagogical experiment, quantitative analysis of experiment results using the Pearson’s chi-squared test. Results. The diagnostics of seven subject competencies of students – future math teachers – was carried out according to three components: cognitive, axiological, praxeological ones. Difficulties associated with the ability to solve mathematical problems of functional, geometric, probabilistic content, as well as with the personal, social and practical context were revealed. These deficits were overcome by including professionally oriented tasks in the content of elective disciplines of an educational program, as well as using an online course in the discipline “Elementary Mathematics”, which allows designing students’ individual educational trajectories to overcome their difficulties. The results of repeated diagnostics after training showed an increase in the level of formation of subject competences (χ2 = 6.63; p < 0.05). Conclusion. The conducted study shows the prospects of identifying and overcoming the professional deficits of a teacher at the stage of training at a university. The described experience can be used in the practice of preparing a student at a university to prevent subject deficits in the future professional activities of a math teacher. In the future, the study will be continued in the field of methodological and other deficits of a math teacher.

The problem of the development of prospective teachers’ competence to create a social space of preschool children’s relationships

Constant socio-economic and political transformations in the Russian Federation are reflected in all spheres of human society. Within the framework of universal competition, the main resource and value is qualified labor, which is based on advanced scientific knowledge, concepts and achievements. Recently, the designated problem has received increased attention from both the state education system and employers, which is why this work is relevant. The question of high-quality training of specialists with the declared competence becomes significant. The paper discusses theoretical approaches to the problem of the development of the competence in question, assesses its current state and determines the role of this phenomenon in the life of a modern person. Today, the socio-communicative direction of the development of children in general, and the construction of the social space of preschool childrens relationships in particular, is a priority area of activity of the preschool educational institution, requiring special knowledge, skills and abilities from the teacher. The end result of the activity of any higher educational institution is the professional training of a professionally competent graduate who is able to adapt to constantly changing socio-economic conditions. The problem of the development of the competence under study in the educational environment of the university is relevant in the situation of education reform. The way to solve this problem is seen in the improvement of the educational process, which is based on the professional training of prospective teachers, taking into account the requirements of educational standards.

CREATION OF GENERALIZED MODEL OF EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN THE SYSTEM «REASONABLE ACT OF HIGHER EDUCATION» ON THE EXAMPLE OF SPECIALTY 193 «GEODESY AND LAND MANAGEMENT»

Now the trend of informatization and automation in various aspects of society is developing. Within the framework of this topic, an article was written highlighting the main ideas in the field of intellectual management of higher education institutions. Within the framework of this trend, models of system automation of constituent elements of management and functioning of higher education institutions in conceptual form are proposed. To do this, an analysis of the state of informatization of processes and phenomena in modern institutions of higher education. The main conceptual provisions of modeling of processes and phenomena of higher education institutions are offered in the work. Based on the analysis of the results of creating intelligent systems, which is called "smart objects", as well as the main trends in the construction and use of applied information technology in higher education, the idea of ​​creating a concept of modeling processes and phenomena in higher education. The main purpose of modeling is to combine the information technologies used in higher education and to create an intelligent information system "Smart Higher Education". Using the methods of aggregation and decomposition, the processes of functioning of a higher education institution are represented by a three-level system, in which information technologies of most types of support of the institution are distinguished. A generalized model of educational and methodological support has been developed. Using this model, an example of educational and methodological support of specialty 193 "Geodesy and Land Management" is presented. As a result, a semantic network was developed, built on the basis of models of disciplines of digital knowledge platforms of higher education. Such a network must meet the requirements of educational standards, in particular be isomorphic to the curriculum of the specialty and, ideally, have the property of transitive closure. And in the future the use of methods of decomposition and abstraction, as well as analysis of logical and heuristic models of knowledge representation led to the understanding that to formalize the functioning of higher education it is necessary to use topological formalities, including methods and representation of category theory. This mathematical apparatus will allow to abstract from insignificant and secondary elements of simulated objects and processes. Methods of system analysis, mathematical logic, heuristic methods were used to build models. The basis for formalizing the elements of the knowledge base of the intelligent system "Smart Institution of Higher Education" has been developed.

Assessment of the relevance of the student survey results in the educational process

Many educational institutions implement feedback mechanisms in their activities, this also occurs according to the requirements of educational standards, public accreditation organizations, international quality standards. But it is not always clear how to competently and effectively use the data obtained due to the unsuitability of such data in its original raw form. The study is aimed at developing a methodology for filtering student reviews about the studied disciplines from irrelevant ones in order to further use them in the management system of an educational institution and the educational process. The study used the methods of statistical data analysis and estimation of the parameters of a logistic regression model using STATISTICA 10.0 and Jamovi 1.8.1 programs. Spearman's and Kendall's correlation coefficients were used to assess the direction and strength of the link between quantitative indicators. Cramer's V test was used to assess the relationship between dichotomous indicators. For clustering observations, the K-means method was used with the setting of measuring the minimum distances. The results of the study showed statistically significant relationships (p < 0.05) between indicators of educational activity and student feedback, which made it possible to use these indicators to classify reviews. The study using the cluster analysis made it possible to obtain the optimal number of clusters for solving the task of classifying and confirming the adequacy of the developed methodology. Thus, the correlation analysis showed a direct moderate relationship between irrelevant reviews obtained by the methodology and three-cluster classification at r = 0.70, and Cramer's V test showed a strong association with the results of three-cluster classification (0.70). Using the classification results as a training sample, a logistic regression model was built with an adequacy of 94.97%. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that the obtained methodology and the logistic regression model can be used to clean the initial feedback data from irrelevant reviews based on the indicators of students' learning activities.

Applicability of online professional education to the conditions of the Russian Arctic zone: the position of educational institutions

Introduction. Ensuring the staffing needs of the economies of the Arctic regions is one of the main tasks of educational institutions of higher and secondary professional education located in the subjects of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the "AZ RF"). However, the labor markets of the regions of the AZ RF experience a staff shortage, and the local staff training system does not have sufficient capacity. The rapid development of information and communication technologies and the restriction on people's mobility due to the pandemic create the conditions for a more active use of distance learning in order to compensate for the acute staff shortage. In this regard, the issue of studying the possibilities of using the online form of training of professionals for the economies of the Arctic regions becomes relevant from the position of the educational institutions that are well acquainted with the educational process from the inside. Materials and methods. The information base of the study included the results of surveys of 362 educational institutions of higher education (hereinafter referred to as "HE") and secondary professional education (hereinafter referred to as "SPE") out of 397 ones located in regions that are territorially partially or completely part of the AZ RF. When processing the survey results, the methods of system analysis, descriptive statistics and comparative data analysis were used. Research results. About 70% of universities are in favor of the use of online education in professional training and about 65% of educational institutions of SPE are against it. The opinions of educational institutions of HE and SPE on a possible transition to distance learning in a number of specialties were similarly distributed: 60% – “for” and 65% – “against”, respectively. When answering the question about the readiness of employers of the AZ RF to hire specialists with a diploma of education in an online form, educational institutions of HE and SPE were unanimous: about 30% were in favor, about 45% were against, and 25% found it difficult to answer. Conclusion. The results of the surveys showed a diametrically opposite attitude of educational institutions of HE and SPE to the applicability of online technologies to professional training. Representatives of educational institutions of HE are optimistic about the possibility of switching to an online form of education, while representatives of educational institutions of SPE are extremely skeptical. This can be explained by the high requirements of educational standards for a developed infrastructure and sufficient number of material and technical resources in educational institutions of SPE necessary for practical training, which is virtually impossible with an online form of education.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АКСИОМАТИЧЕСКОГО МЕТОДА ВВЕДЕНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТАРНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ ПРИ ОБУЧЕНИИ БУДУЩИХ УЧИТЕЛЕЙ МАТЕМАТИКИ В ВУЗЕ

Abstract. The concept of the development of mathematical education in the Russian Federation focuses on the importance of teaching mathematics as a system-forming factor in human education, the development of his cognitive abilities, logical thinking. At the same time, the problems that exist in the field of mathematical training of schoolchildren are also indicated. In this regard, the problem of improving the quality of professional training of future teachers of mathematics becomes relevant and significant. In the modern specialized school, the axiomatic approach in teaching mathematics is traditionally used to present the geometry course. It should be noted that in order to achieve subject learning outcomes that meet the requirements of educational standards, it is advisable to use formalized methods for studying other mathematical sections. The purpose of the work is to present the features of studying mathematics at a university using the axiomatic method of introducing elementary functions in the professional training of teachers. Observation, surveys, questionnaires, conversations with trainees were used as the main research methods; Elements of statistical analysis were used to process the experimental data. The author has developed diagnostic tools for assessing the level of formation of the main components of the methodological competence of future teachers of mathematics. The results of studies conducted with students of pedagogical areas of study of Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University (profile "Mathematics"), and their statistical analysis showed the effectiveness of using the axiomatic method in the process of developing the methodological competence of future teachers. The methodology for teaching future teachers of mathematics the axiomatic approach for introducing elementary functions, developed in an experimental study, has been successfully introduced into the educational process of the university.

Demonstration exam as a form of state final certification for programs of secondary vocational education

The demonstration exam has become a new type of certifi cation procedures that are included in the state fi nal certifi cation of secondary vocational education programs with the introduction of a new format of educational standards in the Russian Federation. Conducting certifi cation using the mechanism of a demonstration exam involves a variety of types of certifi cation, including: taking into account the experience of WorldSkills, in accordance with the requirements of professional standards, taking into account the requirements of corporate standards of employers.In 2021, the Tikhoretsky Technical School of Railway Transport, a branch of the Rostov State University of Railways, gained experience in conducting state fi nal certifi cation in the specialty 38.02.01 Economics and Accounting (by industry) in the form of a demonstration exam according to WorldSkills standards in the competence R41 "Accounting". TTZHT is a branch of the RSUPS, one of the fi rst technical schools included in the structure of the FGBOU IN the RSUPS, which conducted the GIA in the form of a demonstration exam.In the process of preparing for the demo exam, in accordance with the requirements of the set of evaluation documentation, an examination platform (CPDE) was prepared and accredited, an electronic certifi cate of the CPDE was obtained, representatives of enterprises were trained for experts. The expert group included certifi ed experts, specialists of the Federal Treasury Department for the Krasnodar Territory and the Department of State Statistics in the city of Tikhoretsk.After the successful completion of the demonstration exam procedure, all participants received a Passport of Competencies.Based on the experience of conducting GIA in the form of a demonstration exam, taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of the new form of GIA, the college continues to equip specialized sites for conducting a demonstration exam on the WorldSkills model in other specialties.The implementation of new requirements of educational standards, the development of the expert community, the interaction of educational organizations brings changes to the system of secondary vocational education and sets the pace of its development.

Issues of implementing the requirements of educational standards of a new generation

The development of requirements for the content of education is due to the dynamics of the factors of the external environment, and, fi rst of all, the trends of economic development. The essence of the requirements lies in the closest approximation of the content of educational programs, regulated by federal educational standards, to the content of the practical activities of graduates, determined by professional standards.The conducted research is aimed at analyzing the methodological base for linking professional standards and federal state standards at the level of formation of competencies and indicators. A systematic approach to evaluating the model of educational activity made it possible to assess the change in the nature of the interaction between the requirements of the labor market and the ways to meet them within the framework of the content and main aspects of the quality of educational programs. The features of the implementation of relations between communities of employers in the process of forming professional standards and their translation into methods of evaluation tools, which are an integral part of professional educational programs, are presented.The article formulates the main results of the study, namely, the methodological problems of the quality of education and the direction of the scientifi c, methodological and organizational and methodological activities of educational organizations in the community with employers and regional bodies that coordinate the requirements for graduates.

ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ КАК УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ КОМПОНЕНТ SOFT-КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ПЕДАГОГОВ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article considers the need to develop specialists’ soft skills that en- sure pre-adaptation to the changing requirements of the labor market. Based on the analy- sis of empirical research and the requirements of educational standards, a list of soft com- petencies of a vocational education teacher is proposed. An assumption is made about the role of responsibility in the structure of soft skills of a modern specialist. The article pre- sents the data of a pilot study of responsibility among teachers of secondary vocational education in Ekaterinburg.

ADAPTATION OF INTENSIVE METHODS OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING TO THE CONDITIONS OF A NONLINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY

The relevance of the research. One of the most urgent problems of modern vocational education is the intensive development of professional competencies of future specialists. Formulation of the problem. The existing models of intensive foreign language teaching do not fully meet the current requirements of a non-linguistic university, and do not take into account the professional content of teaching a foreign language. The problem is to identify ways to adapt intensive methods to the requirements of educational standards of a non-linguistic university, to the professional content of education. The goal is to identify opportunities for the development of integrated professional and communicative competence using the means of a foreign language. The research methods used are analysis, generalization, observation, forecasting. The provisions on intensive teaching of a foreign language by G.A. Kitaygorodskaya make up the methodological basis. In the course of the research, the literature on the topic of the study has been analyzed, targeted observations made over the course of intensive classes, written works and creative projects of students studied. The obtained results have been verified in the process of experimental work at Maikop State Technological University. The results and key findings. As a result of the research, a model of intensive teaching of a foreign language in a non-linguistic university has been formed, it has been proved that teaching a professional foreign language in a non-linguistic university will be rational if the goals, methods and means of the intensive method are adapted to the professional content of education.

Electronic information educational environment and modern student

Introduction.The modern system of domestic higher education is designed to flexibly respond to the challenges of the modern world, one of which is the possibility of obtaining knowledge through distance learning. The use of electronic services in this process, acting as an online and offline learning tool, actualizes the urgent need to develop in a digital environment a high-quality content of academic disciplines that meets the requirements of educational standards in various areas of training of future subject teachers, primary school teachers, preschool educational institution teachers, psychologists, speech therapists, defectologists. At the same time, it is important to assess all the risks that can devalue the physical, moral and material costs of organizing the educational process in the e-learning system from both teachers and support service specialists and the university as a whole.Materials and Methods.The paper uses a descriptive method based on the study and systematization of survey data of pedagogical university students of different directions and training profiles for several years. The respondents were full-time and part-time students. The data collection tool was the e-learning service of Minin University.Results.The analysis of respondents' answers to questions about the pros and cons of distance learning in the system of electronic information educational environment of the pedagogical university allowed us to draw some conclusions about the existence of both positive and negative consequences of the implementation of distance learning, which threaten the psychological safety of participants in the educational process.Discussion and Conclusions.Taking into account the fact that the creation of an e-learning system at Minin University is a large-scale project of modernization of the higher education system, during the implementation of which, since 2012, some experience has already been accumulated that requires reflection, today we can talk about the possibility of considering this electronic information educational environment as minimizing the risks of distance learning through electronic services. Further work in the direction of optimizing the work of the e-learning system of the pedagogical university, including working out the strategy of the "individual educational route" of each student, including assistance to students with special educational needs, should certainly be carried out from the position of involving students in assessing the opportunities and difficulties of working in an electronic educational environment.

ГИБРИДНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ ТРАЕКТОРИИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЦИФРОВЫХ ДВОЙНИКОВ

The article focuses on building an individual educational trajectory of a university student. This concept is formalized in the form of a hybrid mathematical model. This model is based on a structural model of educational competence. In this case, the competence is a basic construct of the educational program, it acts as a prototype of the structural model of individualized educational content. The main source of semantic and control information is the digital twin sys-tem. The digital double of the educational program formalizes its structure and content in strict ac-cordance with the regulatory requirements of federal state educational standards. The digital twin of a student fixes and processes his digital tracks throughout his life. The digital twin of the labor market formalizes the structure of a certain segment of the labor market in the context of the re-quirements for professional and personal qualities of specialists. There has been substantiated the need for proactive management of restructuring and rebranding the professional educational pro-grams in accordance with the changes at the labor market. A significant contribution to the man-agement of these evolutionary processes is made by the dynamics of a student’s activity, which is reflected in his digital traces. Hybridization of these digital twins into the system of constructing individual educational trajectory allows the semantic marking and weighing of the educational situation and projected content. Based on a suspended educational content and taking into account the regulatory requirements of educational standards and additional requirements of the educational organization, optimization modeling of an individual educational trajectory in its structural and meaningful context is carried out. The study of the structural features of the constructed hybrid mathematical model made it possible to determine and substantiate its rational structure.

Innovative Economic and Managerial Activity of the Engineer: Essence and Tasks of Formation

The need for accelerated innovative development of the country, the transition to hightech production entails the modernization of engineering education, the formation of the future engineers' ability to innovate. The analysis shows that one of the reasons for the decline in the pace of innovative development is the insufficient economic and organizational and managerial training of future engineers. This prevents engineers from making a business case for new technology solutions and identifying their potential commercial and social impact at the initial design stage. The author points out that, regulated as a mandatory, organizational and managerial type of engineering activity, the requirements of educational standards are reflected in an aspect, which leads to the imperfection of organizational and managerial training of future engineers. At the same time, the tasks of innovation of the engineer in terms of economy and management are much wider than the content of organizational and management activities. This makes it necessary to expand the requirements of educational standards for the economic and management activities of an engineer and introduce this type of activity instead of organizational and managerial. This proposal is based on the domestic traditions of integrated and interdisciplinary engineering training, which today need to be rethought taking into account accelerated scientific and technological progress and effective foreign practice of preparing future engineers for innovation. Based on the analysis and the identified economic and management actions of the engineer in the process of innovation implementation, the author's understanding of the essence of innovative economic and management activities of the engineer as a result of his indepth economic training is proposed. The results of the study will make it possible to determine the essence and structure of the readiness of future engineers for innovative economic and management activities, as well as to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for its formation in the process of professional training of students in engineering and technical specialties.