Letters Of Request Research Articles

A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES OF REQUEST LETTERS

This study aimed to unveil and explore the language usage in various contexts as well as the used of politeness in request letters within the Local Government Unit Kapalong. The researcher utilized Speech Acts Theory by Austin and Searle (1959) and Politeness Theory by Brown and Levinson (1978) in analyzing the request letters. Using the discourse analysis approach, the research focused on five categories of illocutionary in speech act and politeness strategies. Fifty one (51) request letters were gathered in Local Government Unit Kapalong. Based on the findings, the researcher found that there are speech acts embedded in the request letters and there are politeness strategies employed in the request letters. Lastly, the findings emphasize the role of speech acts—locutionary, and illocutionary—as fundamental in shaping communication, and highlight how various politeness strategies are employed when making requests in writing. The study reveals the necessity for both educators and students to comprehend these concepts, particularly in the context of writing request letters. KEYWORDS: Discourse Analysis, Pragmatic, Speech Act, Politeness Strategies, Request Letters

Analysis of Inventory Accounting Information System Model for Sustainability of Pontianak City Culinary SMEs

The purpose of this study was to determine the system of receiving, issuing inventory from the central warehouse to the outlet, to determine the system of receiving raw materials and supporting materials at the outlet and the restaurant's main warehouse, and accurate inventory information can encourage business decision making for inventory investment to be efficient and effective so that the business can survive and grow. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method on Culinary SMEs in Pontianak City. The data collection techniques that researchers use are observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The data analysis tool used to support this research is a flow chart from warehouse to outlet. The use of an Accounting Information System can automatically calculate and update EOQ and ROP based on actual sales and demand data so as to provide an integrated solution to inventory management problems from outlets to headquarters. With standard forms facilitating the flow of goods and orders, this model helps management to maximise inventory investment effectively and efficiently. This has a positive impact on timely order fulfilment, increasing outlet sales and revenue, and supporting the sustainability and development of SME culinary businesses. Overall, the implementation of this system encourages management effectiveness and increases profits by maintaining customer satisfaction. This research resulted in a flowchat Accounting Information System model with oulets consisting of outlets to the head office, and using Road Letter forms, Goods Request Letters, Goods Receipt Reports, Raw Material Inventory Cards, and Helping Material Inventory Cards.

Profile of unnatural deaths that were autopsied in Dr. Soetomo general academic hospital Surabaya 2017-2022

Unnatural death is death caused by external causes, including death caused by intentional homicide and suicide and death due to unintentional reasons such as accidents. The objective is to analyze the profile of unnatural deaths that were autopsied in this study. This study is a retrospective descriptive study, using data from registration data, visum et repertum, and visum et repertum request letter as the source of information. The research variable consists of year, age, sex, cause of death, manner of death, region of trauma, and location of crime. Results show that the year of most cases is 2017, with 26 cases. The respondents' sex was more male, with a ratio of 2.2: 1 male to female. The most common age gap was 26-35 and 26-45. The most common nutritional status was normal. The highest frequency of cause of death is a blunt-force injury (25.6%), followed by the second highest is an illness (19.51%), and sharp-force injury (18.29%). The highest frequency of manner of death is homicide (58.53%). Followed by accident (9.75%), then suicide (6.09%), and undetermined (6.09%). The most common region of trauma in autopsied unnatural deaths was the head region, presented in 57.32% of cases, followed by the upper extremity region (41.46%), thorax (35.37%), and lower extremity (35.37%). The most common location of the crime was East Surabaya, with 19 cases (23.17%). In conclusion, most results were linear with other studies, while others varied due to several aspects such as culture, crime trends, economic status, etc.

Finns’ self-selection into survey research as a function of researcher ethnicity: does signing the request letter with a foreign name (Russian or Arabic) attenuate response rates?

ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated whether ethnic discrimination may influence participation in a typical traffic survey. An identical five-page survey was sent to a representative sample of Finnish adults (N = 2100); however, the ethnicity (Arab, Finnish, or Russian) of the sender was different for each of the three subsamples (N = 700). The response rate for a Finnish sender was 30.47%, while the Russian and Arab senders’ response rates were 26.68% and 25.75%, respectively (Wald χ2 = 4.369, d.f. = 2, p = 0.113). Collating the last two, we found that a non-Finnish name received less responses than a Finnish name (30.47% vs. 26.21%; Wald χ2 = 4.220, d.f. = 1, p = 0.040; OR (non-Finn vs. Finn) = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.66–0.99). Given that the effect size was small and was obtained in a post-hoc analysis, we conclude that we have not found strong evidence of ethnic discrimination in this low-stakes context.

Cross-Sectional National Survey of Practice Patterns in Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Snapshot of India.

The information on the practice of radiotherapy, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) use for rectal cancer in India, is lacking. This national survey was planned to understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and practice among radiation oncologists, specifically concerning the practice of IMRT for rectal cancers. A national survey was sent to radiation oncologists through e-mail or a WhatsApp message, where feasible, with a request letter containing the link to the survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was adapted from the UK IMRT survey with permission from the authors. It explored rectal cancer management, IMRT use, reasons for nonadoption, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), dose fractionation schedules and radiotherapy processes like radiotherapy simulation, target volume/organ at risk definition, and treatment planning, evaluation, and verification. Descriptive statistics is used to present the results. Over 300 radiation oncologists were approached, and 182 (60.6%) of the 153 institutes responded. Around 88% (160 of 182) indicated using IMRT or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to treat rectal cancer, of whom 32% used exclusively IMRT/VMAT in all their patients. The reasons for not adopting IMRT were affordability/lack of insurance, resource constraints, and lack of guidelines. Long-course chemoradiation (capecitabine-based) followed by surgery was the most common neoadjuvant approach, with short course and TNT in less than a third of patients. Daily verification feasibility was reported by 60%. Seventy-three percent emphasized the need for a national IMRT guidance document. This national survey from India indicates a scope of routine implementation of IMRT in rectal cancer, highlighting the urgent need for a national IMRT guidance document, which could significantly enhance the quality of care for patients with rectal cancer in India.

MECHANISM FOR TRANSFERRING THE RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DISPUTES THROUGH MEDIATION FROM THE NORTH LOMBOK REGENCY LABOR OFFICE TO THE WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCIAL LABOR OFFICE

This study aims to understand about the mechanism for transferring the resolution of disputes through mediation from the North Lombok Regency Labor Office to the West Nusa Tenggara Provincial Labor Office. The issues addressed in this study are why dispute resolution through mediation must be transferred to the NTB Provincial Labor Office and how the transfer mechanism works. The research method used in this study is Normative-Empirical Legal Research, which combines normative legal elements with additional empirical data. The findings of the research indicate that the main factor leading to the transfer of industrial relations disputes from the regency to the province is the absence of a mediator in North Lombok Regency. As a result, the parties involved can be referred to the provincial government, which has mediators. There is no specific mechanism for the transfer of such cases; the labor office merely sends a request letter to assign a mediator to handle the industrial relations issues through mediation. It is hoped that the central government can appoint or assign a mediator to be placed in the region to avoid the need for case transfers from the regency to the province, thereby minimizing the time required to resolve ongoing industrial relations disputes.

Thinking in my home language and writing in a second language: towards decolonizing business writing

Navigating the practice of thinking and writing in two separate languages is a reality in South African Higher Education. This reality manifests when isiZulu first language (L1) university students studying through a medium of English (L2) write business correspondence tasks in English, the dominant language in the business world. These tasks necessitate good business writing skills, including the use of speech acts and politeness strategies. However, currently, business communication disregards the diversity of cross-cultural communication. Research indicates that second language students think in their L1 when engaged in L2 writing. This paper interrogates the students’ use of negative politeness strategies in English request business letters and explores how African politeness strategies need not be regarded as negative transfer in intercultural business communication. Through random sampling, we quantitatively analysed English business letters written by first-year tertiary isiZulu L1/English L2 students (n=40). The findings reveal the use of negative politeness and impoliteness strategies in the request letters. This paper argues that the transference of politeness strategies from isiZulu to English need not be categorised as negative pragmatic transfer. However, their recognition promotes the decolonization of corporate communication in the South African context and embraces cultural and linguistic diversity in professional English interactions.

Socio-Religious Conflicts in the East Adonara Community of East Nusa Tenggara

On Adonara Island, customary land conflicts began with a rival war, or war between citizens, which occurred due to differences in customary rights over land. There was a conflict between the residents of Narasosina Village and the residents of Lewobunga Village. In this case, the residents of Lewonara Village refused the inauguration of a settlement location for the residents of Lewobunga Village on customary land that was considered to belong to Narasaosina Village. So, the war between the residents of Narasaosina Village and the residents of Lewobunga Village because the request letter to empty the flower casserole was not heeded. In the last twenty years, there have been ten villages that have been warned over customary land rights and there has been no serious settlement. The ten villages that were moaning and had not been resolved were: (1). Redontena Village vs Adobala Village, (2). Sandosi Village vs Sandosi Village (a war fought within the village, between tribes that fight over land), (3). Lamahala vs Huruhura(4). Teulu Old Village vs Kewo Keleng Village, (5). Narasosina Village vs Lewo Bunga Village. To resolve the conflict that occurred in Adonara, East Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, efforts would be made to resolve the conflict. Conflict resolution could be done with conflict management, and conflict resolution was a peaceful method that allows both parties to end or significantly reduce the conflict. It might not be too difficult to handle or help handle conflicts that arise from conflicts of interest.

LANGUGE-SPECIFIC WAYS OF EXPRESSING A REQUEST IN RUSSIAN AND PERSIAN BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE

The article is devoted to the linguistic specifi cs of ways of expressing requests in Russian and Persian business correspondence. The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of request letters in Russian and Persian languages. Objectives of the study: to consider etiquette speech formulas in letters of request in Russian and Persian; compare the expressions used when writing such letters; identify diff erences, similarities, as well as universal ways of expressing requests in business correspondence in Russian and Persian. The main object of this scientifi c work is Russian and Persian business letters of request. This article contributes to the study of cross-cul-tural business correspondence by expanding the understanding of linguistic nuances in the expression of requests in Russian and Persian. Although the topic has been addressed in previous works, the present study deepens the analysis by comparing etiquette formulas and verb structures used in business request letters. As a result of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the use of addresses and the use of verb forms in Russian and Per-sian business letters of request are signifi cantly diff erent. An important discovery was that in the Persian language, addresses have strict forms and arrangements that are diff erent from Russian, which refl ects deep cultural and lin-guistic traditions. The absence of patronymics and exclamation marks in Persian addresses, as well as the unique use of verb forms, emphasize the specifi cs of intercultural communication and the need to take these features into account when teaching Russian language. The practical value of the work is determined by the possibility of using its materials when teaching special courses on intercultural communication and contrastive linguistics, as well as when compiling textbooks on Russian as a foreign language.

Linguistic Politeness: A Pragmatic Analysis of the Request Letters

The objectives of this study are: discover the linguistic features in the opening strategy, closing strategy, and directness of the head-acts in the request letters; identify and analyze positive and negative politeness strategies used in request letters sent by students, organizations, and companies to the office of the Dean of Student Affairs; investigate the use of politeness strategies that indicates about linguistic conventions. This study employed a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The primary data for this study consists of request letters from students at St. Vincent's College Incorporated and various organizations within and outside the academic institution. The researcher selected 15 request letters submitted to the Dean of Student Affairs Office during the 2021-2022 academic year. This study employed three tiers of corpus analysis. The research reveals that request letters sent to the Dean of Student Affairs Office at the institution employ a diverse range of politeness strategies. The "other complimentary close and other pre-closing" is another element of the closure strategy that the researcher discovered. The head-acts shown that request letters are often direct on a degree of directness. The utilization of politeness strategies within a broader socio-cultural context illuminates established linguistic norms. The diverse inclinations towards employing politeness strategies and their multifaceted applications in request letter communication do not necessarily indicate a transition from impoliteness to politeness or vice versa. It demonstrates that people's communication styles and methods of politeness are evolving.

ABOUT BUSINESS E-MAIL AS A GENRE OF PROFESSIONAL INTERNET COMMUNICATION IN THE COURSE OF “LANGUAGE OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION”

The research focuses on exploring lexical-grammatical, syntactic, punctuation features of the text of business e-mail as a genre of professional Internet communication in the course of “Language of business communication”. The tasks are outlined as follows: 1) to reveal the contents of the course of “Language of business communication”; 2) to highlight the importance of the content module on professional Internet communication; 3) to analyze business e-mail as a genre of professional Internet communication. The descriptive method and various types of linguistic analysis are applied. Emphasis is placed on the motivational-practical (speech) component of the course as a defining feature of the “Language of business communication” discipline, which determines the approach to the thematic content of the four content modules. The proposed research highlights the fourth content module, which reveals the peculiarities of Internet business communication and encompass follows themes: “Internet communication: specifics, types, genres”, “Language organization of business Internet communication”. The analyzed content module involves familiarizing students with the concept of Internet style, types of network communication, genres of business Internet communication, types of posts in social networks, and the culture of Internet communication. To improve the practical skills of business electronic correspondence, an educational model (formulated in linguistics) was used, which consists in the synthesis of four interrelated aspects. The first aspect is based on mastering the theoretical foundations of the researched problem: philology students reveal the essence of the concept of an electronic business letter, systematize the basic principles of creating and rules for writing business e-mails. The second aspect is practical. It consists primarily in the formation of skills and abilities to analyze the texts of business letters. For example, the structural-compositional, lexical-grammatical, and punctuation features of an electronic Cover Letter and a Request Letter are considered. The third aspect is research. It involves independent processing of the text of an electronic business letter in accordance with the proposed algorithm. The fourth stage is creative. It provides for the independent creation of an electronic business letter taking into account the specified requirements. The results of the research can be used as materials for practical classes on the language of business communication, Ukrainian language for professional purposes, language culture, etc. Key words: “Language of business communication”, business e-mail, professional Internet communication, etiquette of business correspondence.

Analisis Prosedur Sistem Informasi Akuntansi pada Siklus Penggajian Terhadap Karyawan: Studi Kasus BPDAS Jeneberang Saddang

A payroll accounting system is really needed in a company that can deal directly with employees. The payroll system functions in managing payment transactions for services carried out by employees who have a manager level position. Payroll-related activities (information regarding recruitment, dismissal, transfer, training, etc.) and collection of information regarding the use of employee time that occurs every day. However, the actual processing of payroll only occurs periodically because in most organizations employees are paid weekly, biweekly, or monthly rather than daily. Therefore, payroll is a continuous application that is processed in batch mode. The subject of this research is one of the administrative staff informants at the BPDAS Jeneberang Saddang office, while the results of this research are using documentation guidelines and interview guidelines taken using direct interview and documentation techniques. Data collection is carried out using a direct acquisition system from the parties concerned. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The research results show that the payroll system that occurs at the BPDAS Jeneberang Saddang office is in accordance with the Operational Procedure System (SOP) that has been established by the Ministry of Finance, namely the payroll system that is implemented at the BPDAS Jeneberang Saddang office is good in terms of providing documents relating to payroll system. The payroll system used by the BPDAS Jeneberang Saddang office is technology-based using the GPP (Central Civil Servant Salary) application system and other supporting documents such as changes to employee salary lists, making SPP (Payment Request Letters), SSP (Tax Payment Letters), SPM ( Payment Order), and finally SP2D (Funds Disbursement Order).

Exploring Health Trends and Prevalent Ailments across Grade Levels: An In-Depth Analysis of Reported Complaints among Students

This qualitative study reconnoiters student health complaints at Saint Michael’s College Senior High School, employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates existing data from school nurses’ logbook records with new data obtained through surveys and interviews. Thematic analysis is utilized to identify common words and patterns within the qualitative data. The data collection process involves a letter of request distributed to students, assuring confidentiality, and the random selection of 30 participants for surveys and interviews. The results reveal prevalent health themes, including stress, sleep-related issues, mental health concerns, and technology-related complaints. Students’ personal experiences underscore the complexity of health challenges, including musculoskeletal complaints, allergies, and mental health issues. The diverse impacts on academic courses emphasize the importance of proactive support systems addressing the specific needs of students. Recognizing the transition from external to internal health issues necessitates a holistic strategy that prioritizes both mental and physical well-being. The study underscores the importance of adapting health programs to evolving classroom demands, addressing not only physical ailments but also prioritizing mental health aspects for comprehensive student well-being. This examination will underwrite valuable information for educators, health professionals, and policymakers to address the specific health needs of students and implement targeted interpolations for improved health outcomes within educational environments.

PEMBUATAN KOLAM TERASERING UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN DI RW 23 DESA CILAME KECAMATAN NGAMPRAH KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

A community service team from TEDC Bandung Polytechnic conducted a community service activity in Cilame Village, Bandung Barat Regency. The activity was the construction of terraced ponds for fish farming. This activity aims to help improve the economy of Cilame Village residents with low incomes. The activity began with the formation of a community service team consisting of 13 people. The team then conducted a field survey to determine the location and theme of the community service. After that, the team made a letter of request to the Head of Rukun Warga 23, Cilame Village. The construction of the terraced pond was carried out at one of the residents' houses which had unused land in the front yard of their house. The pond is 2 meters x 1 meter x 0.5 meters in size. After the pond was completed, the community service team provided catfish and tilapia fry to the resident. The activity went smoothly and was completed on time. On April 12, 2021, the community service team handed over the pond to the residents of Cilame Village.

Development of an educational program for healthcare professionals who provide appearance care for patients with cancer: Feasibility study of an e-learning program.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and utility of an e-learning training program to improve healthcare professionals' knowledge about providing appearance care to patients with cancer. Healthcare professionals who provide appearance support were invited to participate voluntarily and complete a survey before and after the program. Participation request letters were distributed to 133 individuals, including 75 from four facilities invited via professional connections, and agreed to participate in the study and 58 participated in the National Cancer Center's appearance care training and indicated an interest in participating in the study. The 100 participants (75.2%) included 96 females, with an average age of 40.5 years. The participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the program, where more than 90% responded "satisfied" or "somewhat satisfied" and eager to use the content they learned in the program when they returned to their workplaces. However, the participants identified several barriers to applying their newly acquired knowledge including lack of knowledge (about 80%). Participant knowledge scores about appearance support were significantly higher after program participation. The survey results indicated the high feasibility of the e-learning program through improved knowledge about appearance care and high satisfaction with the program. The program needs further improvements for its practical utility.

P144: Are the older community-residents who did not respond to the administrative survey high risk group? Early detection and continuous support by the visiting nurse

Background:Clinically, the older adults who do not respond to administrative surveys are at high risk for dementia and other diseases in many cases. The aim of this study is 1) to examine this hypothesis, and 2) to establish a support system to reach out to them and help them live well, in the community-based participatory research (CBPR) in Chiyoda-ward, Tokyo, Japan, using a mail survey as a starting point to visit older community-residents who did not respond to the administrative survey.Methods:The participants were residents aged 65+, living in Chiyoda ward, Tokyo, Japan in 2021 (N=4009, mean aged 74.2±6.6, female 54.9%). We conducted the survey by following three steps. First, we distributed self-administered questionnaire to all participants by mail. Second, a survey request letter was mailed to the older adults who did not return the survey (N=675, aged70+). We conducting visit investigation by visiting nurses for old-old people (N=87), and conducting assessment to evaluate risks of dementia and physical health. Third supporting people with high risk of dementia through cooperation among various organizations and various professions, and conducting watching support by visiting nurses as prophylactic care.Result:For the investigation by mail, 2050 participants sent back the investigation form. Of the 87 people living alone or in aged households who responded to the request for a visit survey, we were able to conduct home-visit surveys for 46 participants (implementation rate: 52.9%). As a result of the comprehensive assessment, 15 participants (mean aged 81.9±5.0, female 53.6%, MMSE: 25.2±2.8), were regarded as participants with high risk of dementia, and 3people of them were started watching support work.Discussion:We established a support system for people living with dementia that consist early detection and continuous support by the visiting nurse. There were many cases in which the home-visit nurses investigation led to continuous support. For the further research, it is necessary to review the long-term outcomes of those who received early support concerning whether they could maintain their quality of life.

Praktik Pencabutan Pembebasan Bersyarat Pada Narapidana Residivis di Rutan Kelas IIB Pangkalan Brandan

The Class IIB State Detention Pangkalan Brandan is Technical Implementation Unit that has duties and functions of Corrections in accordance based Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning of Corrections. Even though did service for prisoner, The Class IIB State Detention Pangkalan Brandan also provides service for inmates, one of which is Parole program consisting of Conditional Exemption (PB). Conditional Exemption (PB) is more likely to be revoked due to the long probation period. When Conditional Exemption (PB) got released, the inmates who violate general conditions and special conditions in accordance with the provisions of the Minister of Law and Human Rights Regulation Number 7 of 2022 can be revoked. This research type of normative legal was carried out to answer the process of revocation of Conditional Exemption and get the accurate results by drawing from several sources. In the case of revocation of Conditional Exemption, it starts sending a request letter by Class IIB State Detention Pangkalan Brandan Officer then examined by the Community Counselor (PK) to be brought to the Correctional Observation Team session so that the results are reported to the Director General via SPION. The decision to revoke Conditional Exemption is conveyed to the prison and state detention officer to be implemented in accordance with the decision. However, the revocation of Conditional Exemption have problems.

UTILIZATION OF THE WHOLE CHILD APPROACH IN IMPROVING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ECONOMICS 9: BASIS FOR PROPOSED LEARNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

This study was conducted to explore the utilization of the whole child approach in improving the academic performance of high school students in Economic 9. After the process of experiment and assessment, proposed learning instructional activities utilizing the whole child tenets were produced. The proponent used purposive sampling in selecting the students who were included in the study. The researcher prepared a letter of request to the Principal of the school, to asked permission and approval to conduct the research. In the construction of the lesson plan and the teacher made test, the researcher sought the assistance of the teachers and professors coming from the different schools in the private and public, to check and validate the research instruments. The proponent also asked permission from the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development in the U.S. to use the online standardized questionnaire. In administering the copies of the survey instrument were personally distributed and retrieved by the proponent to the grade 9 students. This study found out that the whole child approach contributed to the improvement of the academic performance of grade 9 high school students in Economics for the fourth-quarter period. This is seen through the positive results of the post-test and learning gain of students, which corroborated from the data extracted from the survey questionnaire. Through the T-test of two sample means, it was revealed that there is a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test of the students. It is also revealed that the majority of the respondents have higher post-test than pre-test and having positive learning gain. Furthermore, there is a need to intensify the efforts of the school administrators and educators to support and promote sustainable use of the whole child approach in classroom instruction. Proposed learning instructional activities were formulated based on the findings of the study.

Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan PT. Reminal Utama Sakti Terhadap Masyarakat Di Kecamatan Fena Fafan Kabupaten Buru Selatan

Introduction: Companies in the laws and regulations can first be found in the second chapter of Article 6 of the Commercial Code (KUHD) it is stated that a person who regulates a company.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to examine and find out how the form of Corporate Social Responsibility of PT. Reminal Utama Sakti on improving the welfare of the people of Fena Fafan Subdistrict, South Buru Regency, to study and determine the effect of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility PT. Main Reminal Sakti towards Improving Community Welfare, Fena Fafan Sub-district, South Buru Regency.Methods of the Research: Normative juridical research method, which is to obtain data from the library in the form of documents, books, magazines and other literature related to writing. The sources of legal materials used are Primary legal materials, Secondary legal materials, and Tertiary legal materials and are used as a technique for collecting legal materials, then processing and analyzing legal materials through qualitative analysis, namely the data obtained and then arranged systematically for further qualitative analysis based on scientific disciplines. civil law to achieve clarity of issues to be discussed.Results of the Research: The results showed that PT.Reminal Utama Sakti Forms CSR Corporate Social Responsibility to the Community of Fena Fafan District, South Buru Regency. Diesel Fuel Assistance for the Waekatin GPM Church, Diesel Fuel Assistance for Waeken Village, Solar Fuel Assistance for Fakal GPM Church, Solar Fuel Assistance for Uneth Village, Solar Fuel Assistance for Siwatlahin Village, Solar Fuel Assistance for the Mengeswaen GPM Church, Solar Fuel Assistance for the Church Waelo GPM, Diesel Fuel Assistance for Waeraman Village, Solar Fuel Assistance for Batukarang Village, Solar Fuel Assistance for Nusarua Village, and Community Empowerment Fund Assistance Fund allocation of Rp. 400.000 CSR Management Techniques at PT.Reminal Utama Sakti Through Proposals or Request Letters From the Community or Stakeholders in Fena Fafan Sub-district Then a request or request from the community or existing stakeholders is realized by the company. Corporate Social Responsibility in accordance with article 74 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Law no. 40 of 2007 Forms of Social Responsibility in PT.Reminal Utama Sakti Company have not been properly realized to the Community Environmental Responsibility, in accordance with article 28H of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and article 1 paragraph (2) of Law no. 32 of 2009 In order to return to the environmental conditions before forest exploitation. Region (Perda) No. 9,ld.2014/5.Tld no 37,ll Regional Secretariat of Maluku Province.

Gap between the concerns of healthcare professionals and parents’ perceptions regarding dietary habits for 18-month- and 3-year-old children in Japan

BackgroundA gap has been reported between healthcare professionals’ (hereafter “professionals”) recognition of preschool children’s diets and parents’ perception of concern. This study investigated the gap between the concerns reported by professionals and parents’ perceptions regarding health and dietary habits by age (18 months and 3 years) and gender in Japan.MethodsThe study design consisted of a cross-sectional, multilevel survey. The request letters were sent to all households with target children with the cooperation of local governments. After obtaining written informed consent from parents, questionnaires were distributed to them. The survey included 30 items on children's concerns about health and dietary habits. At the health checkup, parents indicated whether they were concerned in response to each item, and responded child’s height and weight and birth height and weight. Next, the professionals provided counseling to the parents at a health checkup. After that, the professionals noted their concerns in response to the same 30 items as those given to parents. The participation rates were 82.9% (18 months) and 82.8% (3 years). Data of 239 persons for 18 months and 223 persons for 3 years old were analyzed. In the statistical analysis, the items that were judged as concerning by professionals but not by parents were identified; likewise, the items that were of concern to parents but not to professionals were identified. Sensitivity, false negative rate, specificity, false positive rate, and Youden index were calculated to analyze the discordance rate for each item.ResultsMany parents in this study were concerned about the issues that professionals did not consider to be concerning. Moreover, the parents worried about more issues for 3-year-olds than for 18-month-olds. The items for which ≥ 10 professionals indicated concerns and with higher discordance between the professionals and parents for both boys and girls were “picky eating” for 18-month-olds and “inconsistent amount of food” for 3-year-olds.ConclusionsThe concerns that professionals have with respect to children's diets and the things that parents worry about show gaps. It might be necessary to provide professional counseling for parents to develop a correct understanding of their children’s dietary habits.