Moldova Research Articles

Evaluation of the ecological precability regarding the apple and plum plantations in Olișcani location, Șoldănești district

The results presented refer to the ecological characteristics of apple and plum orchards in Olişcani, Șoldănești district (Republic of Moldova) in order to create agricultural systems – ecological and economic at zonal, microzonal level to maintain soil quality, environment and high productivity. The aim of the research was to examine the abiotic, biotic, favorability and productivity potential factors of the lands suitable for the cultivation of apple and plum fruit species. Apple and plum orchards have specifi c requirements for climate, relief, soil, etc. They have moderate light requirements: they prefer sunny surfaces, but can also grow in partial shade. The leaves and fruits need more light, which in this way acquires a more intense color. Temperatures for apple development are between 13 and 28°C. In hilly areas, with suffi cient humidity and poor heat, the slopes with southern and southwestern exposure are chosen a better quality of fruit, respectively a high sugar content. On the slopes, the middle third is preferred, avoiding the upper third with eroded soil and strong winds, as well as the lower third with excess air and water currents. In the area of hills with an altitude of 300–350 m, the plantations can be located on slopes with western, eastern or even northern exposure, preferably on the middle and lower third of the slope. In the dry steppe and forest-steppe areas, the slopes with north-western and north-eastern exposure are preferred, the orchards being located at their base or even on the valleys without cold currents. The complexity of the problems includes the research of the natural and real components of the agricultural environment in relation to the climate, relief, rock and soil factors for the foundation of fruit plantations with high productivity and the maintenance of the ecological stability.

The efficiency of the political process in the Republic of Moldova in the context of increasing global threats in tearm of a realistic approach

The article deals with the problem of political process and political participation in the Republic of Moldova. The author draws on the realistic concept of Danilo Zolo about the “social complexity” in the context of the post-industrial era in the studying of this issue. The author shows that the evolution of the political process in the Republic of Moldova reflects the global processes of democracy crisis, being a product of the modern age development. The author pays a special attention to the problem of political participation, concluding that such a problems like the COVID-19, finally remove demos from political life. Actually, the mane subject of the political process become the executive branch. The concentration of political power requires strengthening of the professionalism and of the responsibility of the management team.

The efficiency of the political process in the Republic of Moldova in the context of increasing global threats in tearm of a realistic approach (Part II)

The article deals with the problem of political process and political participation in the Republic of Moldova. The author draws on the realistic concept of Danilo Zolo about the “social complexity” in the context of the post-industrial era in the studying of this issue. Th e author shows that the evolution of the political process in the Republic of Moldova refl ects the global processes of democracy crisis, being a product of the modern age development. The author pays a special attention to the problem of political participation, concluding that such a problems like the “COVID-19”, finally remove demos from political life. Actually, the mane subject of the political process become the executive branch. The concentration of political power requires strengthening of the professionalism and of the responsibility of the management team.

Post-election political government partnerships in the Republic of Moldova: between desiderates and realities

The article examines some topics regarding the establishment, functionality and viability of the twelve governing coalitions that alternated in the Republic of Moldova in 1994– 2020. Particular attention is paid to the issue of forming a governing post-election parliamentary majority, based on political reason and substantial procedural consensus. The latter presupposes agreement on a set of procedures when taking decisions of common interest. It is concluded that the convergence of elites (coalition, alliance, partnership and other political collaboration arrangements for respecting the democratic political game) is a way of working of political elites and involves, in fact, a substantial transformation of unconsolidated democracy into a functioning, consolidated democracy.

Поддержка молодых учащихся соотечественников за рубежом: экспертная оценка

Presented is the research in a large number of studies, devoted to the study of state policy in relation to compatriots living abroad, at the same time, today there are practically no data on the state and assessment of the state and non-state support. In this regard, the authors have classified the forms of support into two groups - state and non-state, investigate the specific features of these forms of support, and analyze their effectiveness. Empirical analysis carried out in this research study includes qualitative data from expert interviews collected in 2021. In total, 31 interviews were conducted with experts from sixteen countries (Russia, Ukraine, Republic of Kazakhstan, Republic of Moldova, Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Armenia, Tajikistan, USA, Germany, Czech Republic, Turkey, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Panama, Uganda, New Zealand). Representatives of Russian and foreign public authorities, heads of the Coordination Councils of organizations of Russian compatriots abroad, heads of Russian youth public organizations abroad, heads of higher educational institutions, teachers and educators, and public figures acted as experts. In conclusion, the authors summarize the effectiveness of state and non-state support for young students of compatriots abroad, form a set of practical recommendations for improving these forms of support.

European course of Republic of Moldova: socioeconomical and juridical aspects

The article analyzes various aspects of socioeconomic and juridical life of the Republic of Moldova in the context of European integration. The author pays special attention to the functionality of state institutions and the level of trust, perception of the population regarding the quality of the act of justice, the quality of the act of government as a whole. The analysis reveals major problems that need to be solved from the perspective of bringing our country closer to the community space, to join the European Union. The extensive use of the results of different sociological investigations allows the author to make a comparative and dynamic analysis of the situation in the field of justice and other fields of activity.

Ensuring the resilience of the national security of the Republic of Moldova in the context of increasing the geopolitical coordinate of covid-19 pandemic phenomenon

The research of the fundamental problem for ensuring the institutional resilience of the national security of the Republic of Moldova during the COVID-19 pandemic consists of the analysis of the geopolitical coordinate of the international events that determines the process of transforming the regional and international security environment. COVID-19 pandemic phenomenon can be considered a multi-dimensional global crisis in which the foreign policy actions of the great powers and regional powers have intensified in order to influence the reconfiguration of the geopolitical architecture of the international security system and the security complex structure in different regions of the world. The main idea of the subject proposed for scientific examination consists of investigating the impact of the geopolitical context of the regional security environment during the global pandemic generated by the new type of COVID-19 Coronavirus on the process of ensuring national security of the Republic of Moldova. Profifi ling fifi rst the examination of the political-military cooperation relations between the Republic Moldova and the North Atlantic Alliance, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributed to the elucidation of the opportunities provided by the Alliance to increase the level of the institutional resilience of the national security and defense system of the Republic of Moldova, which needs further substantial support of the development partners, by ensuring the adjustment of the national security components to the Euro-Atlantic standards that will strengthen the capability and interoperability degree in the national security and defense field, thus discouraging possible menaces and counteracting current risks and threats.

Transnational law – a new system of law?

The paper presents the emergence and evolution of the concept of transnational law, from the Philip Jessup’s 1956 novation to the latest approaches, mainly from the western legal scholarship. In the legal writings from Romania or Republic of Moldova, the phenomenon of transnational law remains unexplored or, at best, mentioned incidental as a synonym of a modern “lex mercatoria”. Likewise, in Russian scholarship, research on transnational law bears a strong private imprint and ubiquitous reluctance may be noted. This article aims to discuss, from the perspective of legal pluralism, the loss of the state monopoly in law making, the pluralization of sources of legitimacy for transnational actors, and the reconsideration of the scope of the law, by de-territorializing it. Transnational law is seen thus not just a private regime, but as a system of normative law that transcends international or national law, acts in a distinct social space and addresses specific actors, not only private, but also public or hybrid. In Romanian legal knowledge this approach is missing.

Traditional Preparation of Baba Neagra, a Moldovan Culinary Treasure

It is known that food itself reflects the identity and culture of a region; becoming an important component of local heritage. Baba Neagra is an iconic dessert for Republic of Moldova, which has been passed down from generation to generation to Moldovan housewives, but forgotten by many, especially restaurants. In this sense, the aim of the current study is to emphasize some technological and cultural aspects attached to Baba Neagra in Republic of Moldova. The paper presents the full preparation of the Baba Neagra as it is traditionally carried out in north of Moldova and lists the main ingredients.

TRENDS IN PULMONARY TB MORTALITY BETWEEN 1985 AND 2018: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

TOPIC: Chest Infections TYPE: Original Investigations PURPOSE: Pulmonary tuberculosis is common and has infected one-fourth of the population globally with peak incidence and mortality rates in the 1990s due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, immigration, and the spread of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). Few studies have reported pulmonary TB mortality trends. Our study reports and compares trends in pulmonary TB mortality between 1985 and 2018. METHODS: We utilized the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database to extract Pulmonary TB mortality data based on the ICD 10 system. Based on the availability and quality of data region-wise, we included Canada and the USA from the Americas; Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom from Europe; Australia, New Zealand, and Japan from Western Pacific region. Crude mortality rates were dichotomized by sex and reported by year. We computed Age Standardized Death Rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population using the World Standard Population. Pulmonary Tuberculosis mortality trends were compared using Joinpoint regression analysis and reported using Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs). RESULTS: Overall, in all 33 countries studied, we observed a decrease in mortality in both males and females except the Republic of Moldova, which showed an increase in females' mortality (0.12). Among all countries, Lithuania had the largest negative Percentage Change (PC) in male mortality (-12.01) between 1993-2018, and Hungary had the largest negative PC in female mortality (-1.57) between 1985-2017. Male mortality declined at a steady rate across the study period. Slovenia had the most rapid recent mortality decline for males with an EAPC of -47% (2003-2016), followed by Australia (-33.6%, 2014-2017), whereas Croatia and Austria showed an increase in EAPC of 25.0% (2015-2017) and, 17.8% (2010-2014) respectively. For females, New Zealand showed the most rapid recent mortality decline (-47.2%, 1985-2015), followed by Hungary (-35.1%, 2004-2007), whereas Croatia showed an increase in EAPC (24.9%, 2014-2017). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary TB mortality is disproportionately higher among Central and Eastern European countries. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This contagious disease cannot be eliminated from any one region without a global approach. Priority action areas include ensuring early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to the most vulnerable groups. In low- and middle-income countries with high TB incidence, attenuation of socioeconomic determinants including extreme poverty, inadequate living conditions, and malnutrition remains crucial. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Chinmay Jani, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Dominic Marshall, source=Web Response no disclosure on file for Omar Omari; No relevant relationships by Arashdeep Rupal, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Justin Salciccioli, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Joseph Shalhoub, source=Web Response No relevant relationships by Harpreet Singh, source=Web Response no disclosure on file for Carey Thomson; no disclosure on file for ALEXANDER WALKER

Preface

The ModTech Professional Association, as main organizer together with “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi and Constanta Maritime University, organized the 9th online edition of the ModTech2021 International Conference, between 23 and 26 June 2021. Other prestigious institutions, from Romania and abroad, such as the Society of Powder Technology of Japan, Silesian University of Technology of Gliwice, Poland, “Alecu Russo” University of Balti, Republic of Moldova, Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, “Stefan cel Mare” University of Suceava and The General Association of the Engineers in Romania (AGIR) were also co-organizers. The ModTech Professional Association currently has more than 400 members from Romania and abroad and 13 branches in Australia, Greece, Spain, Malaysia, India, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, Iraq, Poland, Turkey, Serbia, and Republic of Moldova.List of Images, Conference Committees are available in this pdf.

Living standard of people with disabilities in the Republic of Moldova

An important index that reflects the efficiency of the state socio-economic policy is the population standard of living. This index represents the result of the country’s socio-economic development. No result of the development of individual sectors of the economy, regardless of how large and positive it is, have sufficient value without appropriate changes in the standard of living of the population. Increasing the living standards of the population, including people with disabilities, is a strategic priority in the state policy of the Republic of Moldova. One way to achieve this is to improve micro and microeconomic mechanisms for GDP growth. It is also important to ensure economic inclusion through the equitable distribution of income and the reduction of economic inequalities for the harmonious development of society as a whole. The purpose of the research is to highlight the essential aspects of the standard of living of people with disabilities in the Republic of Moldova in order to create adequate measures for their social protection.

Image of the local brands Iuvas, Maicom and Vasconi reflected through the Net Promoter Score

This article presents the evolution of the light industry of the Republic of Moldova in the last 15 years, namely the clothing sector, by analyzing the image of the local clothing brands Iuvas, Maicom and Vasconi, reflected by the Net Promoter Score (NPS) indicator. Aiming to create an organizational culture, focused on gaining consumer loyalty and inspiring employees to increase company profitability, the NPS indicator is an effective way of measuring how a company treats the people it interacts with. None of the three brands scored positively in the survey, which shows a considerable increase in marketing efforts. With a negative NPS, a company must invest more resources in marketing activities to acquire new customers, which reduces its competitiveness in the market.

Peculiarities of training specialists in the field of physical education and sports in higher education institutions of modern Romania

The article considers the peculiarities of training in the field of physical education and sports at specialized faculties on the example of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University. Iasi, highlighted and characterized the main provisions of the charter of the faculty, curriculum and study programs, etc. It is determined that the faculty provides training in the specialties "Physical Education and Sports", "Physical Therapy" and "Sports and Physical Activity" (bachelor); "Fitness and body aesthetics", "Leisure and extreme sports", "Therapeutic physical training in sports traumatology", "Physiotherapy in sports traumatology" (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova) and "School physical education and sports" (master's degree) future teachers of physical education and sports, coaches, physiotherapists, sports instructors, etc. The content and structure of syllabuses for the preparation of licensees / bachelors and masters are analyzed, the topics of lectures, seminars and practical academic classes are published, the hourly distribution is determined.

Pottery of Early Iron Age from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț (North-Western Pontic Sea Region): Composition, Technology and Raw Material Sources

Transition to the Early Iron Age was marked by the appearance of innovations such as iron technology and changes in the lifestyle of local societies on the territory of the North-Western Pontic Sea region. One of the most interesting sites of this period is the Glinjeni II-La Șanț fortified settlement, located in the Middle Dniester basin (Republic of Moldova). Materials of different cultural traditions belonged to the Cozia-Saharna culture (10th–9th cc. BC) and the Basarabi-Șoldănești culture (8th–beginning of 7th cc. BC) were found on this site. The article presents the results of a multidisciplinary approach to the study of ceramic sherds from these archaeological complexes and cultural layers as well as raw clay sources from this area. The archaeometry analysis, such as the XRF-WD, the thin section analysis, SEM-EDX of ceramics, m-CT of pottery were carried out. The study of ancient pottery through a set of mineralogical and geochemical analytic methods allowed us to obtain new results about ceramic technology in different chronological periods, ceramic paste recipes and firing conditions. Correlation of archaeological and archaeometry data of ceramics from the Glinjeni II-La Șanț site gives us the possibility to differ earlier and later chronological markers in the paste recipes of pottery of 10th–beginning of 7th cc. BC in the region of the Middle Dniester basin.

Tuberculosis Notification Trends and Treatment Outcomes in Penitentiary and Civilian Health Care Sectors in the WHO European Region.

Setting: Tuberculosis (TB) morbidity in penitentiary sectors is one of the major barriers to ending TB in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Objectives and design: a comparative analysis of TB notification rates during 2014–2018 and of treatment outcomes in the civilian and penitentiary sectors in the WHO European Region, with an assessment of risks of developing TB among people experience incarceration. Results: in the WHO European Region, incident TB rates in inmates were 4–24 times higher than in the civilian population. In 12 eastern Europe and central Asia (EECA) countries, inmates compared to civilians had higher relative risks of developing TB (RR = 25) than in the rest of the region (RR = 11), with the highest rates reported in inmates in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, and Ukraine. The average annual change in TB notification rates between 2014 and 2018 was −7.0% in the civilian sector and −10.9% in the penitentiary sector. A total of 15 countries achieved treatment success rates of over 85% for new penitentiary sector TB patients, the target for the WHO European Region. In 10 countries, there were no significant differences in treatment outcomes between civilian and penitentiary sectors. Conclusion: 42 out of 53 (79%) WHO European Region countries reported TB data for the selected time periods. Most countries in the region achieved a substantial decline in TB burden in prisons, which indicates the effectiveness of recent interventions in correctional institutions. Nevertheless, people who experience incarceration remain an at-risk population for acquiring infection, developing active disease and unfavourable treatment outcomes. Therefore, TB prevention and care practices in inmates need to be improved.

Zooarchaeological analysis of the Raşcov 8 Upper Palaeolithic site (Republic of Moldova)

The Palaeolithic site of Raşcov 8, discovered in the 1950's, was recently subjected to new investigations. It yielded archaeological layers from the Upper Pleniglacial. We used zooarchaeological methods to deepen knowledge about this site. We focused on the taphonomy, the anatomical representation of the different species and the anthropogenic activities to better determine the use of natural resources by humans, in particular of animal origin, to understand which strategies were used, the technocultural practices and territory occupation. The taphonomic observations are quite typical of a dry and cold environment. They also suggest that the 3 and 3a layers result from the same or chronogically closely occupations, affected by soil movements. Concerning the anthropogenic features, repeated short-term occupations, on a seasonal basis, mainly hunting and butchering activities of one or several small human groups have been highlighted. Whereas in the older layer humans exploited the carcass of a mammoth, in the other layers they hunted reindeer and horses and butchered the carcasses on the site, probably transporting some parts elsewhere. Whereas the lithic industries are different between layers 4/3-3a (Epiaurignacian) and 2/1 (Epigravettian), the subsistence behavior is similar and quite typical of Molodovian.

Peculiarities of the dynamics of the enterprises of the Republic of Moldova by size classes

This article examines the patterns of enterprise development that underlie the evolution of the Moldovan economy over the period 2010-2019 (10 years). The issues of personnel involvement in the economy and labor productivity, profit and profitability of enterprises from the point of view of their classification by dimension class: large, medium, small and micro-enterprises are considered. Attempts was made for identify the regularity between the economic growth of the country and the size of the enterprise carrying out financial and economic activities. The conclusions obtained in the framework of this study allow us to conclude the level of economic development and the prospects for its further growth, including through government intervention to support a particular category of enterprises.

PALYNOLOGICAL, PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES PROFILE IN SOME TYPES OF HONEY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Three types of monofloral honey (rapeseed honey, buckwheat and lavender) from the Republic of Moldova were analyzed. The results of the palynological analysis showed that the samples had a dominant type of pollen (at least 45%). In the case of lavender honey, the pollen of the plant Lavandula angustifolia is present in an average value of 74.83 ± 0.3; in rapeseed honey - Brassica napus and for buckwheat honey -Fagopyrum esculentum in average values as follows: 56.07 ± 0.3 and 68.08 ± 0.2% respectively. The study of the content of biologically active substances showed that buckwheat honey is the richest in polyphenols (9.00 ± 0.11 mg gallic acid / kg) and carotenoids (4.24 ± 0.57 mg βcarotE / kg), and maximum content of flavonoids is in rapeseed honey (4.52 ± 0.28 mg catechin / kg). Thus, the obtained results confirm that the honey from the Republic of Moldova falls within the limits recommended by the international regulation assuming adequate working conditions, handling, collection and storage of honey by beekeepers from the Republic of Moldova.

Physical inactivity in nine European and Central Asian countries: an analysis of national population-based survey results.

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. However, recent and systematically obtained national-level data to guide policy responses are often lacking, especially in countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This article describes physical inactivity patterns among adults in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan.MethodsData were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire drawing nationally representative samples of adults in each country. The national prevalence of physical inactivity was calculated as well as the proportional contribution to total physical activity (PA) during work, transport and leisure-time. An adjusted logistic regression model was applied to analyze the association of age, gender, education, household status and income with physical inactivity.ResultsNational prevalence of physical inactivity ranged from 10.1% to 43.6%. The highest proportion of PA was registered during work or in the household in most countries, whereas the lowest was during leisure-time in all countries. Physical inactivity was more likely with older age in eight countries, with female gender in three countries, and with living alone in three countries. There was no clear pattern of association with education and income.ConclusionPrevalence of physical inactivity is heterogeneous across the region. PA during leisure-time contributes minimally to total PA in all countries. Policies and programs that increase opportunities for active travel and leisure-time PA, especially for older adults, women and people living alone will be an essential part of strategies to increase overall population PA.