Republic Of Buryatia Research Articles

Productive and reproductive traits of mares bred under conditions of Eastern Siberia

Herd horse breeding is a promising branch of productive livestock farming in Russia. On the territory of the Siberian-Far Eastern region, several breeds of horses of local importance have long been bred, perfectly adapted to the conditions of their breeding zone and in particular Transbaikal, Tuvan and Buryat breeds. The Trans-Baikal Territory is in fourth place in terms of the number of horses in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tyva is in fi fth place, and the Republic of Buryatia is in seventh place. The purpose of the research was to conduct a comparative assessment of some productive and reproductive traits of mares of different breeds of local importance under the conditions of Eastern Siberia. The results of a study of productive, conformation and constitutional features and reproductive traits of mares of these breeds have been presented in the article. It has been established that mares of Transbaikal and Buryat breeds have an advantage in live weight over Tuvan mares by 5,0 % (p < 0,001). Assessment of the morphometric features of the conformation indicates that the best indicators are mares of the Transbaikal breed, which are signifi cantly superior to mares of Tuvan breed in all assessed measurements (p < 0,01–0,001), and superior to mares of Buryat breed in oblique length of the body and chest girth (p < 0,001). According to body indices, mares of the evaluated breeds are characterized as animals with expressed meat forms and according to their values are closer to heavy breeds. It was found when assessing reproductive trait that mares of the compared breeds are characterized by high reproduction rates. For example, the percentage of foals varies between 93–95 %, the yield of foals per 100 mares is 93–95 %. Consequently, horses of local breeds bred under the conditions of Eastern Siberia are distinguished by fairly high productivity indicators, and in terms of reproductive traits they are characterized by high reproductive ability under conditions of year-round grazing.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of the <i>Alongshan virus (Flaviviridae)</i> circulating in ticks in the south of Eastern Siberia

Introduction. Tick-borne infections are of great importance for many regions of Russia, including Eastern Siberia. This unfavorable epidemiological situation can be characterized not only by the circulation of well-known tick-borne infections, but also by the identification of new pathogens, the role of which remains little or generally unexplored. Multicomponent flavi-like viruses can cause infectious diseases in humans and pose a threat to public health. The purpose of the study was the identification and molecular genetic characterization of the Alongshan virus (Flaviviridae, ALSV) isolates, transmitted by ticks in the south of Eastern Siberia. Materials and methods. Total 1060 ticks were collected and analyzed from the territory of the Republics of Khakassia, Tuva, Buryatia, Irkutsk Region and Transbaikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) in the spring-summer period 2023. ALSV RNA was detected by RT-PCR followed by nucleotide sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis for each segment of the genome. Results. The ALSV infection rate in Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in the Republic of Khakassia was 3.3% (95% CI: 1.4–7.5); in Irkutsk Oblast – 1.0% (95% CI: 0.3–3.7); in the Republic of Tuva – 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3–3.4) and in Transbaikal Krai – 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2–3.6). Sequences of all four segments of ALSV genetic variants circulating in I. persulcatus ticks in the south of Eastern Siberia are grouped with sequences found in China and clustered into the Asian subgroup transmitted by taiga ticks. The level of difference in the nucleotide sequences of genome fragments among the identified genetic variants of ALSV ranged from 2 to 3%. Conclusion. The article shows the widespread distribution of ALSV in I. persulcatus ticks in the Republics of Khakassia and Tyva, Irkutsk Oblast and Transbaikal Territory. The obtained data actualize monitoring of changes in the area of distribution of potentially dangerous for humans flavi-like viruses and their vectors.

Технология использования мультипликационных фильмов в обучении бурятскому языку детей дошкольного возраста

The Buryat language is in danger of extinction. Vitality of the language is determined by children's use of it. At present, there is an urgent need in the republic to develop and apply in the process of teaching the Buryat language such technologies that will be interesting and demanded by pre-school children. The purpose of the study is to show the possibilities of using cartoons in the process of teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children. In the course of the study we applied the following methods: generalization of experience in teaching Buryat language as a second language to preschool children, analysis of scientific literature on the methods of early foreign language teaching, speech development of preschool children, use of cartoons in language classes, observation of the process of language skills formation in preschool children, experimental and pedagogical work, conversation with Buryat language teachers of preschool educational organizations of the Republic of Buryatia. The study revealed that cartoons created in the Buryat language have a great didactic potential. To use them for the purpose of teaching the Buryat language, a selection of cartoon series was made and a set of tasks for them was developed. This set of tasks realizes the methods of teaching second languages and the algorithm of work on video materials. Scientific novelty of the study consists in methodical analysis of the teaching potential of cartoons in the Buryat language, the study of linguistic and speech content of cartoon texts and the possibility of using them in the formation of linguistic skills and the development of technology of using these cartoons in teaching the Buryat language to preschool children. The practical significance of the study lies in the description of a set of tasks for working on cartoons, which makes it possible to use the results of the study in the development of new technologies of teaching Buryat language and other languages with the use of cartoons, in particular, in the development of a set of tasks and exercises for different types of language and speech skills, in the creation of educational cartoons.

Дороги Саян: теоретизируя удаленность в Восточной Сибири

This article is an authorized translation from English of the original article, first published in: Geoforum 2018, issue 88, pp. 36-44. The Sayan crossroads is a distinct cultural and economic region in the mountains of eastern Siberia. It spans three federal units in the Russian Federation: the national republics of Tyva (Todzha kozhuun) and Buryatia (Okinskii raion), as well as Irkutsk oblast (Tofalarskoe municipality). Attempts at integration by the state during the Soviet period and afterwards have privileged the construction of roads in a variety of forms to connect these areas economically with regional centers and, in turn, the rest of the country. Yet this process has been uneven and led to divergences in the economic regimes in each of the three regions that make up the crossroads. The evolution of subsistence economies, exploitation by extractive industries, and the development of tourism as an alternative source of income all differ across the three federal subunits. In turn, these divergences within the crossroads as a region point to variation in the condition of remoteness. Remoteness is an instance of relative immobility, determined by physical geography, environment, and ethnicity. And remoteness influences the function that roads play in integrating state spaces both economically and politically. In turn, this article argues for the foregrounding of the remote in the literature on mobilities in human geography, considering what the condition of remoteness allows for and forecloses in the articulation of state power and the integration of hard to-reach areas.

The Plant Cover of Rock Dumps of the Cool Cut "Kholbol’dzhinsky" (Republic of Buryatia)

The technogenic vegetation of overburden dumps of the Kholboldzhinsky coal mine is considered, represented by one association, three communities, which belong to four 4 unions and orders of the classes Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris, Thero-Salicornietea. An indirect ordination analysis was performed using the principal component method, which made it possible to determine the leading environmental factors of differentiation of syntaxa: moisture and salinity richness.

Book Competitions in Siberia and the Far East in the 1990–2020s

The purpose of the article is to present the results of the book competition movement in Siberia and the Far East in the last three decades, to identify the trends of its evolution, to determine problems and prospects.The research methodology bases on a combination of formal-logical and comparative-historical methods with the analysis of data from various sources. The forms of competitions are identified: universal and special. It has been determined that either only local publications, or also books published in other regions, can participate in competitions. Long-term (“Book of the Year of the Republic of Buryatia” (Ulan-Ude, since 1997), “Best Book of the Year” (Vladivostok, since 1997), “Best Book of Altai” (Barnaul, since 2006)) and recently emerged regional projects are characterized. The authors have analyzed the contribution to the organization of competitive projects made by regional authorities, libraries, educational institutions, public organizations, etc. The most common nominations of universal competitions and specialized topics have been determined. Attention is focused on the importance of an integrated and systematic approach to transforming festivals into a full-cycle creative system. It has been stated that, in general, expert-competitive activities have a multifaceted, multifactorial impact on the sociocultural landscape of the region, contributing to strengthening and development of the beneficial influence of the book on the aesthetic, moral and legal consciousness of the society.

Umbilicaria aprina and U. rhizinata (Umbilicariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Russia

The distribution of Umbilicaria aprina and U. rhizinata in Russia was revised basing on morphological and molecular-phylogenetic data. Umbilicaria aprina is new to Alexandra Land Island (Franz Josef Land Archipelago), Sverdrup Island (Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets District), the republics of Altai, North Ossetia-Alania and Sakha-Yakutia. Umbilicaria rhizinata is new to the republics of Tyva and Buryatia, Putorana Plateau, Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Magadan Region and is therefore reported for the first time to the Asian Subarctic. New localities of the species in other regions are cited. The ITS\5.8S phylogenetic tree supports the distinctness of U. aprina and U. rhizinata. The distribution map is drawn and patterns of distribution of two species are discussed. Umbilicaria aprina occurs in the high Arctic between 74°N and 81°N, whereas the northernmost locality of U. rhizinata is in the vicinity of Norilsk on the Putorana Plateau (ca. 70°N). In mountains U. aprina grows at higher maximal elevations compared to U. rhizinata.

PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY IN THE ASSESSMENTS OF THE BURYAT POPULATION

The work considers the environmental problems in the Republic of Buryatia and reflects their population assessments based on the results of the author’s sociological survey and secondary analysis of the studies conducted in the Republic. The author emphasizes the importance of the environmental education of young people based on the ethnoecological traditions of the Bur-yat people.

MODERN CREATIVE VENUES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

The authors of the article consider the specific diversity of creative venues in Ulan-Ude and the Republic of Buryatia, and give a description of the services delivered. They analyze the conducted sociological research on the basis of which they offer their own models of organizing the creative space with the use of modeling method.

DOLLS IN THE CULTURE OF MODERN BURYATIA

The article presents the review of the activities of the puppet masters of Buryatia at the present stage: the authors’ creativity, exhibition projects. The classification of the dolls of the masters of Buryatia on the basis of the tech-nique of making is given, attention is paid to the issue of preserving handmade techniques. The perspectives of creating dolls in the development of the crea-tive economy of the Republic of Buryatia are considered.

Abundant Intra-Subtype Reassortment Revealed in H13N8 Influenza Viruses.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious threat to global health. On the one hand, these viruses cause seasonal flu outbreaks in humans. On the other hand, they are a zoonotic infection that has the potential to cause a pandemic. The most important natural reservoir of IAVs are waterfowl. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of IAV in birds in the Republic of Buryatia (region in Russia). In 2020, a total of 3018 fecal samples were collected from wild migratory birds near Lake Baikal. Of these samples, 11 were found to be positive for the H13N8 subtype and whole-genome sequencing was performed on them. All samples contained the same virus with the designation A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020. To our knowledge, virus A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020 is the first representative of the H13N8 subtype collected on the territory of Russia, the sequence of which is available in the GenBank database. An analysis of reassortments based on the genome sequences of other known viruses has shown that A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020 arose as a result of reassortment. In addition, a reassortment most likely occurred several decades ago between the ancestors of the viruses recently collected in China, the Netherlands, the United States and Chile. The presence of such reassortment emphasizes the ongoing evolution of the H13N8 viruses distributed in Europe, North and East Asia, North and South America and Australia. This study underscores the importance of the continued surveillance and research of less-studied influenza subtypes.

Analysis of the substances migration within the trophic chain “soil — plant — raw meat materials”

The trophic chain, which manifests the correlation at nutritional level between various macro- and microorganisms, is an important factor of the ecosystem; it can show the migration of various substances within the chain “soil — water — plant — animals”. The trophic chain in Borgoy depression area was studied due to the profound correlation between the compositional characteristics of the soil and pronounced organoleptic features of meat of the sheep that feed on grass in this area. For the experiments, control and experimental samples of soil, water, plants and mutton meat were examined. The samples taken near the saline lake within the Borgoy depression on the west of Beloozersk village served as an experimental sample. The samples taken 30 km from the salt lake near Petropavlovsk village in the Republic of Buryatia served as control sample. Experiments have shown that the soil of the Borgoy depression is a saline soil, with a depth of the salt horizon of 0–30 cm, and the salt belongs to chloride-sulfate-soda type of salinity. It is noted that the saline soil is characterized by a much higher content of carbonates, chlorides and cations of sodium, potassium and magnesium. Correlation was found between the isotopic composition in soil, vegetation and the raw meat materials. More profound certain organoleptic features of Borgoy mutton were noted. It’s highly probable that this fact is associated with the peculiarities of the mineral, chemical, and amino acid compositions of meat of the livestock that lives in the pastures of the Borgoy depression, characterized by saline soils. Despite the increased content of heavy metals such as lead and copper in the soil, data on sheep muscle tissue showed that all values of toxic elements content are within the permissible concentration range. The transfer of heavy metals from the soil to the aboveground part of plants is hindered by the underground root part, which serves as barrier.

Socioeconomic Pheno­menon of Entrepreneurship at the Border XX–XXI Centuries in Regional Historiography

The article examines the historiography of the development of entrepreneurship at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. in certain regions. Entrepreneurial activity, which is the main socio-economic function of a market economy, has become the object of attention of many researchers. For the most part, scientific works on entrepreneurship, which became the subject of historiographical analysis in the article, were written by sociologists and economists, and therefore are presented in a socioeconomic persepctive. This approach to the study of entrepreneurship can be considered logical, since the study of the process of formation of a new system of economic relations could only be carried out on the basis of other methodological approaches and the development of a new conceptual apparatus. Therefore, the phenomenon of entrepreneurship has been interpreted not only by historians, but also by sociologists and economists. The socioeconomic approach to the study of entrepreneurship is clearly manifested in regional historiography. The analyzed literature is mainly devoted to the study of the social characteristics of entrepreneurs as a special group in the new social structure, the sources of its replenishment, as well as the problems of the legal field of their activities. Extensive literature in this direction is presented on the history of trade entrepreneurship, and in the regional aspect — on the Republic of Buryatia.

Composition of fatty acids of higher aquatic plants in Lake Kotokel as valuable biological raw materials

Fatty acids, as part of cell membranes, determine their fluidity and dielectric constant. In addition, they play an important role in human and animal nutrition. This work examines the composition and fatty acid content of dried higher aquatic plants from Lake Kotokel (Republic of Buryatia, Russia) and their potential as a raw material for the production of feed and biologically active food supplements. A modified Bligh-Dyer method was used to extract lipid fraction. Fatty acids in the form of their methyl esters were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Palmitic C16:0 acid was the main saturated fatty acid found in Myriophyllum sibiricum, Elodea canadensis, Persicaria amphibia and Potamogeton perfoliatus in Lake Kotokel. The main unsaturated acid found in plants, regardless of their type, was the α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 acid. In addition, a relatively high content of stearic C18:0, myristic C14:0 and pentadecanoic C15:0 acids was noted. Branched acids (i-C14:0, i-C15:0, i-C16:0, i-C17:0, i-C20:0, a/i-C15:0, a/i-C17:0 and 10Me-C16:0) and odd carbon numbered acids (C13:0, C15:0, C17:0, C19:0, C21:0 and C23:0) were identified. An analysis of the authors’ and literature data revealed that the studied species of higher aquatic plants in reservoirs in the Asian part of Russia are characterised by a high content of α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 (up to 56%) and a low content of oleic C18:1-ω9 (up to 1.81%) acids. The content of α-linolenic C18:3-ω3 acid in plants from reservoirs in the European part of Russia was lower (up to 42%), while that of oleic acid C18:1-ω9 was higher (up to 14%).

Typomorphism of native gold as a criterion for typization of gold mineralization in weathering crusts of the Eravninsky ore district (Republic of Buryatia)

The features of native gold from weathering crust are considered. It is demonstrated how the features obtained in combination with studying the weathering crust composition make it possible to identify the type of the primary gold mineralization and to facilitate effective interpretation of the prospecting results.

АМИНОКИСЛОТНЫЙ СОСТАВ РЖАНО-ПШЕНИЧНОГО ХЛЕБА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЧЕРЕМШИ

The aim of research is to study the amino acid composition of the protein of rye-wheat bread using ramson. The object of the study is rye-wheat bread with the addition of dried ramson, rye-wheat bread without the addition of ramson was used as a control. Dried leaves and stems of ramson collected in the Dzhidinsky District of the Republic of Buryatia were used. The studies were carried out in the interdepartmental laboratory of the technological faculty of the Buryat State Agricultural Academy. The concentration of 14 amino acids, including 8 essential and 6 replaceable amino acids, was determined by the method of capillary electrophoresis on the Kapel 105 device with the Multichrome 1.5 software for Windows. The protein content was determined according to GOST 10846-91. The biological value of the protein of bread with ramson was determined by the calculated method of the amino acid score of essential amino acids. As a result, electropherograms of amino acids in bread with ramson were obtained in comparison with the control (bread without ramson). The obtained data showed that with the introduction of dried ramson into the composition of rye-wheat bread in the amount of 3 %, the total amino acid content increases by 3.75 %, including by 7.1 % for essential amino acids, and by 2.8 % for replaceable ones. The highest percentage increase was noted for such amino acids as histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, tryptophan and alanine. All amino acids of bread with wild garlic are limiting. The first limiting essential amino acid in the protein of bread with ramson is tryptophan. A comparative analysis of the amino acid composition of the protein of bread with ramson in comparison with the control showed that the amino acid score of the protein of bread with ramson increased. However, the introduction of ramson into the recipe of rye-wheat bread keeps the proteins incomplete.

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM FRUITS GROWN IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Introduction. Medicines of plant origin are widely used in the complex therapy of various diseases. Among the medicines of plant origin used for the treatment of chronic liver diseases, the most popular are preparations based on Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.). The aim of this work was to Silybum marianum fruits to evaluate the possibility of obtaining raw materials of pharmacopoeial quality in the dry-steppe zone of the Republic of Buryatia. Material and methods. The object of the study was Silybum marianum fruits of the varieties Debut and Start, obtained from experimental fields in Ivolginsky district of the Republic of Buryatia, as well as samples of Silybum marianum fruits received for analysis at the Testing Center of FGBNU VILAR from different regions of the Russian Federation. Results. As a result of the research it was found that climatic and geographical conditions of the dry-steppe zone of the Republic of Buryatia allow successful cultivation of Silybum marianum and obtaining raw materials (fruits) of pharmacopoeial quality. Conclusion. Silybum marianum fruits obtained from plants of the Start variety are not inferior to similar raw materials harvested in other regions of the Russian Federation in the content of the sum of flavolignans.

The state and prospects of the development of productive meat herd horse breeding in the Republic of Buryatia

The state and prospects of the development of productive meat herd horse breeding in the Republic of Buryatia

The first reliable finding of Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. and new findings of Galium paradoxum Maxim. in the Republic of Buryatia

The first reliable finding of Galium odoratum (L.) Scop. and new findings of Galium paradoxum Maxim. in the Republic of Buryatia

Heat-insulating foam-silicate materials

Purpose: The aim of this work is to study the density, thermal conductivity and strength of insulating materials and fine-grained concrete based on cement binder with the use of foamed silicates. Vermiculite from Tatarsky deposit (Krasnoyarsk region), perlite from Khasynsky (Magadan region) and Mukhor-Talinsky (Republic of Buryatia) deposits, and tripoli from Potaninsky deposit (Chelyabinsk region) are used to obtain porous fillers.Research findings: It was found that the strength of materials based on cement binder and foamed silicates is determined by the strength of hydrated cement, aggregate, and contact zone of hydrated cement and filler. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of insulating materials based on foamed granules of natural dispersed raw materials (vermiculite, perlite, tripoli) with cement (23.5 vol. %) ranges from 0.112 to 0.181 W/(m·deg), which is 1.5–1.6 times higher than thermal conductivity of the granular layer.Compressive strength of the obtained materials ranges between 2.0 and 4.0 MPa. Compressive strength of lightweight concrete with the silica sand content of 32 vol.% and plasticizer, increases up to 8.5 MPa in compositions with vermiculite and up to 9.4 MPa in compositions with perlite from Mukhor-Talinskoe deposit.Depending on the quartz sand content, the density of concrete with foamed vermiculite and foamed perlite varies from 1100 to 1400 kg/m3 and from 1300 to 1600 kg/m3, respectively. Thermal conductivity of concretes with minimum density is 0.193 W/(m·deg) in the composition with vermiculite and 0.286 W/(m·deg) in the composition with perlite. At the maximum density of fine-grained concrete, the thermal conductivity increases to 0.277 and 0.411 W/(m·deg), respectively.