Republic Of Buryatia Research Articles

Basalts of the Republic of Buryatia and their suitability for obtaining mineral fibres

Mineral wool is one of the most effective and environmentally safe types of heat insulation materials. Basalt is the main raw material for its production. The quality of the fibre produced depends on its chemical composition. The priority task is to assess the suitability of basalts for use in the production by their chemical composition. The main indicator is the acidity index, which reflects the acid-base characteristics of rocks. Basalt deposits of the Republic of Buryatia have been studied. It was found that the basalts of the Ilyushkin Klyuch deposit have a chemical composition which meets the requirements for continuous fibre production, and the basalts of the Selendum and Mukhor-Talinsky deposits – for staple fibre production. The production of continuous fibres for basalts of the Selendum deposit requires additional charging of calcium-or magnesium-containing rocks, and for basalts of Mukhor-Talinsky deposit-an addition of silicon-containing rocks.

COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ONION ANGULAR (ALLIUM ANGULOSUM L.), GROWING IN THE BAIKAL REGION

The article presents data on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the organs of onion angular (Allium angulosum L.), growing in the Irkutsk region and the Republic of Buryatia. Allium angulosum L. has in its composition biologically active compounds, including those with antioxidant properties, which indicates a high potential and prospects for the use of this plant for food purposes. The aim of the work was to assess the chemical composition and total content of antioxidants in dried samples of leaves and stems of onion angular (Allium angulosum L.), growing in different conditions of the Baikal region. The study of carbon and nitrogen in different plant organs revealed that the carbon content is higher in stems, nitrogen in the leaves in all samples of onion angular, grown in different conditions. It is noted that in the organs of Allium angulosum L., growing on typical cold black earth, the content of the studied elements is higher in comparison with their content in other experimental samples. It was revealed that the stems and leaves of angular onions accumulate in their composition trace elements K, Na, Li, Mg, Ca. The study of the total content of antioxidants indicated that leaf extracts have in their composition more antioxidants than stems, regardless of the place of growth. The high content of antioxidants in Allium angulosum L. provides inhibition of oxidative processes in the storage of pork fat, which introduced crushed dried leaves of Allium angulosum L.

Совершенствование стратегического планирования развития сельского хозяйства региона

Agricultural producers are currently experiencing difficulties in competitive production. As a result, strategic plans for agricultural development require constant adjustments. To improve the strategic planning in the local agriculture, the region needs an effective system that would ensure a continuous functioning process and competitive production. The research objective was to develop proposals in order to improve the strategic planning of regional agricultural development. The study was based on general scientific methods, i.e. synthesis, analysis, abstract-logical and economic-mathematical methods of economic research, etc. The author obtained materials from the Territorial Department of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Buryatia for 2018. The article introduces an analysis of the current development of strategic planning in agriculture and socio-economic problems of agricultural development in the Republic of Buryatia. The author developed some recommendations on the process of strategic planning of agricultural development. Competitive agricultural development requires an integrated approach that could ensure effective development of strategic plans and agricultural producers. The proposed strategic planning process will allow farmers to develop effective strategic plans while producing competitive products.

Геоинформационная оценка и картографирование динамики урбанизированной территорииг. Улан-Удэ

The article presents information about methods and technologies used in assessing the dynamics of urbanized territory, gives a brief description of them, and identifies advantages and disadvantages. The concept of geoinformation monitoring of an urbanized territory is formulated. To integrate heterogeneous and multiformat data and assess the dynamics of residential environmental management, a problem-oriented GIS for monitoring urbanized territories has been developed on the example of Ulan-Ude city (Republic of Buryatia). The functional structure of GIS, consisting of measuring, analytical and cartographic blocks, is presented, and the characteristics of each block are given. The planned basis of GIS is the topographic basis of three spatial levels: regional (1:200 000) for monitoring agglomerations and large cities; local (1:50 000, 1:100 000) to assess the dynamics of residential development of the territory; detailed (1:10 000, 1:25 000) to assess the dynamics of real estate and land plots. A digital terrain model is used as a high-altitude basis for the assessment of urbanized territories, which allows the assessment of morphometric parameters of the residential nature management system. The dynamics of the urbanized territory of Ulan-Ude was estimated using six time sections. The physical and geographical features of the urbanized territory development are determined, the map of the city dynamics for the entire period of residential development is compiled, and the forecast of the further development of the urbanized territory for background and local buildings is presented.

Ultrafine‐Grained Metallic Materials and Coatings

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials are defined formally as those materials having grain sizes smaller than 1 μm, thereby including both submicrometer grain sizes where the size is within the range of 100 nm to 1.0 μm and true nanostructured materials where the grain size is below 100 nm. These materials have attracted, and are continuing to attract, considerable interest within the materials science community, mainly because they offer the potential for achieving both high strength and a superplastic forming capability. There are now several conferences and symposia organized each year devoted specifically to these materials but there are also other more general meetings where UFG materials are not the main objective but nevertheless they represent an important topic within the overall proceedings of the meeting. The initiative for organizing this Special Section of Advanced Engineering Materials arose from our participation at two different important conferences. The first was the International Baikal Materials Science Forum which was held on July 9-15, 2018 in the Republic of Buryatia (Ulan-Ude and Lake Baikal, Goryachinsk village) in Russia and the second was the 13th International Conference on Superplasticity in Advanced Materials (ICSAM-2018) which was held in Saint Petersburg in Russia on 19-22 August, 2018. At both meetings it was clear that there were many new and interesting developments associated with the topic of UFG materials and the suggestion evolved of inviting several of the major participants at these two meetings to prepare papers for publication in a Special Section of this journal. Invitations were sent out and it is a pleasure to report that they were received enthusiastically by all participants. Accordingly, a collection of papers was assembled for this Special Section covering some of the newer topics within the fields of UFG materials and their associated coatings. The present collection also marks the 10th anniversary of Advanced Engineering Materials Special Issue that was published in 2010 (No 8) with the focus on research of fundamental aspects of nanostructuring of metals and alloys and demonstration of their high innovation potential, thus attracting much interest and high citation frequency in materials science community. This issue continues the discussion of innovation applications of UFG materials. We are grateful to Dr. Sandra Kalveram, Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Engineering Materials, for accepting our proposal for this Special Section and for assisting and coordinating the various papers. We also express our very special thanks to Dr. Elena V. Bobruk of the Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials at Ufa State Aviation Technical University for providing much assistance in communicating with authors, arranging the reviews of manuscripts and for ensuring that all tasks were completed on time. We acknowledge with thanks the authors who accepted our invitation to participate in this Special Section and we are especially grateful that all papers were received within the appropriate deadlines.

Sustainable Tourism Development in Russia: The Case of Baikal Harbour Project

Currently, the Russian government has announced the creation of 9 tourism and recreational zones, which have preferential taxation and are designed to develop domestic and foreign tourism. The paper considers the prospects for the development of the Baikal region concerning Special economic zone of tourism and recreation “Baikal Harbour”. The complex approach was used which included the variety of methods such as landscape and geochemical research, the study of contemporary environmental situation in order to assess the prospects for the development of recreation and nature protection. To assess the prospects for the region development as the local population see them the sociological survey was carried out. The SWOT-analysis revealed the positive and negative factors of territory development. To meet the priorities of socio-economic development of the Republic of Buryatia it is optimal to encourage the growth of Special economic zone “Baikal Harbour”. The impact of this zone is believed to be nonthreatening in comparison with unorganised tourism. The diversity of tourism and entertainment creates the necessary conditions for the efficient spending of tourists having a rest in the resort, and provides cash flow, allowing compensate all the investments in basic facilities and tourist infrastructure. Keywords: sustainable tourism, environmental management, special economic zones, Baikal Harbour, Lake Baikal

Effects of lingonberry extract on the antioxidant capacity of meat paste

Introduction. Modern meat scientists are currently interested in combining meat raw materials with plant ingredients to enrich products with biologically active substances of natural origin, including antioxidants. In this regard, we studied the antioxidant capacity of a dry lingonberry marc extract introduced into meat paste and analyzed its effects on the product’s color and stability during storage. Study objects and methods. Our objects of study were a dry lingonberry marc extract originating in the Republic of Buryatia, forcemeat, and a ready-made paste in a casing. The extract was obtained by water-alcohol extraction using microwave irradiation. We investigated the physicochemical characteristics of the dry extract, including its contents of phenolic compounds, benzoic acid, and antioxidants. Results and discussion. During the experiment, we analyzed the extract’s effect on the paste’s total antioxidant capacity, coloring, and shelf life. The results showed that increasing the extract’s amount from 0.1% to 0.4% changed the color of the paste from gray-brown to purple-brown, respectively, due to anthocyanins. In further tests, we used a 0.2% concentration of lingonberry extract – the optimal amount that retained the usual brown color of the paste while increasing the content of antioxidant substances. Then, we analyzed the degree of fat oxidation in the paste samples made with and without sodium lactate during storage. According to the results, the lingonberry marc extract used without the acidity regulator and with it inhibited lipid oxidation by 12.7% and 20%, respectively, by neutralizing free radicals. Finally, we tested the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in the end products. We detected no E. coli bacteria in the samples and found an inhibited growth of mesophilic anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms due to the extract’s bactericidal effect established in Our earlier studies. Conclusion. Thus, our results indicated that the dry lingonberry marc extract introduced into meat paste increased the product’s total antioxidant capacity and improved its stability during storage.

Lessons learnt from measures taken to prevent rabies introduction and spread into a long rabies free territory (case study of the Irkutsk Oblast)

Rabies is endemic on the considerable part of the Russian Federation, and it is associated with current natural outbreaks of the infection. The highest animal morbidity rates are reported in the central and southern regions of the European part of Russia and in the southern part of Western Siberia. The Irkutsk Oblast is among the few regions of our country, which are rabies free for several decades. The research was aimed at the analysis of factors aiding to the maintenance of the rabies free status of the region. Retrospective study of archive and previously published reports on human and animal rabies cases in the Irkutsk Oblast starting from 1954 was performed. Epidemics of urban rabies ceased in the region in 1970s. Sporadic rabies cases in dogs, reported in 1976 and later, could be imported or could result from the infection from bats. Diagnostic errors were also possible. Rabies is reported in foxes in the Subjects bordering the Irkutsk Oblast: Krasnoyarsk Krai and Republic of Buryatia. It is supposed that in case of the infection introduction the forest-steppe agricultural areas near the Angara River are likely to be affected due to high population of foxes. Relative geographic isolation of the Irkutsk Oblast favors to the long animal rabies freedom of this territory. The vast area of mountain taiga with low fox population serves as an ecological barrier. In 2007–2009 and in 2019, barrier oral vaccination was carried out along the border with the Krasnoyarsk Krai and on the west coast of Baikal Lake. Measures for anti-rabies vaccination of dogs and cats were intensified. Active virological monitoring is performed on a regular basis. The paper demonstrates cartograms of fox and wolf population density along with designation of sites, where oral vaccination of wild carnivores was performed.

Региональные условия финансовой поддержки функционирования растениеводства в Республике Бурятия

The subject of the research is the sources of funding and state support for crop production in the region. The purpose of this work is to analyze the effectiveness of state financial support for crop production at the regional level. Research objectives: assessment of the level of state financial support for agriculture; study of the results of state support for crop production in Buryatia; analysis of the effectiveness of state support for crop production in the Republic of Buryatia. Keywords: financial support, functioning of crop production, regional conditions, agriculture, subsidies, efficiency.

The Problems and Prospects of Energy Development in Buryatia

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the electric power industry of the Republic of Buryatia and discusses its main problems. The solution of these problems determines the key objectives of the industry’s further development. Several environment problems and the efficiency of the energy system are considered in relation to the protection of Lake Baikal. It is necessary to develop and implement new programs to update existing power plants and to reconstruct the electricity and heating grids to improve the energy security of the republic. The capacity of the Ulan-Ude Central Heating Power Plant-2 should be commissioned to increase the efficiency of the energy system and to improve Ulan Ude’s municipal development. The article specifies the amount and capacity of electric power needed to supply heating for the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. Reasons are given for why the water level of Lake Baikal needs to be regulated via an environmentally sound approach, which concerns the entire electric power industry of the Baikal region. This is important for the projected growth of the energy systems of the Baikal region and for amending the laws governing how water is used by the Angarsk cascade of hydroelectric power plants. Instead of building hydroelectric power plants in the Selenga River basin, an alternative scheme for supplying electricity to Mongolia is considered via the surplus electricity of the Gusinoozersk State District Power Plant. The construction of the Moksk Hydroelectric Power Plant is considered as a means of supplying energy to the North Baikal region.

Ecological optimization of agricultural landscapes in Ivolgin district of the Republic of Buryatia

The features of land use in Ivolgin district of the Republic of Buryatia - part of the buffer zone of the Baikal natural territory - are considered in this paper. It was revealed that the forest area of the district does not affect the environmental parameters of agricultural land. Thereby, agricultural land must be considered as a separate territorial unit. The main destabilizing factor in the ecological balance of agriculture in the Ivolgin district is arable land. By the authors, it is necessary to change the structure of agricultural land with the conversion of rainfed arable lands to irrigated lands and planting the forests to solve this problem.

Institutional Changes in the Higher Education System of the Republic of Buryatia

ABSTRACT The article analyzes several contemporary trends in the higher education system of the Republic of Buryatia. The author focuses on the crisis of the republic’s higher education system and its inability to create a knowledge economy due to the declining quality of education and the qualitative and quantitative disparity between the skills of graduates and the real demands of the regional economy. The case is made for an independent approach to the development of higher education in the region by providing unique opportunities for students. The main conclusions are based on the author’s sociological research on the quality of education and the labor market of the Republic of Buryatia.

Prospects for the Economic Development of the Republic of Buryatia

ABSTRACT The article analyzes the development of the economy of the Republic of Buryatia spanning 2007–2017 and provides two forecast analyses of the republic’s economic development until 2021: the baseline forecast and the optimistic forecast. To generate the forecasts the authors used a dynamic input–output model of the Buryat economy that includes fuzzy parameters. It is shown that under favorable macroeconomic conditions and a sharp increase in fixed capital investment, it is possible to significantly accelerate economic growth in Buryatia. Specific projects that will accelerate economic growth in the republic are discussed.

The main aspects of social and hygienic monitoring for diphyllobothriasis in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia

Introduction. The high incidence of diphyllobotriosis in the coastal areas of Lake Baikal is an objective reflection of the socio-hygienic problems of the population of the Republic of Buryatia. In ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the Republic of Buryatia, there are many topical and territory-specific hygienic problems related to food safety issues. One of the main tasks is to prevent cases of diphyllobotriosis associated with the consumption of aquatic bioresources caught in the reservoirs of Transbaikalia, including the Baikal omul, in connection with the preservation of the risk of its development from the impact of a complex of socioeconomic, biological and environmental factors of the environment.The purpose of our study was to investigate the regional features of diphyllobothriosis with an analysis of the current situation on infection of fish (the second intermediate hosts of the genus diphyllobothrium) with diphyllobothrium plerocercoids.Material and methods. The database of the Republican information Fund for social and hygienic monitoring of the Department of Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare for the Republic of Buryatia and the Center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Republic of Buryatia was used as sources of information. The study was conducted using statistical, analytical, mathematical methods, as well as comparative analysis.Results. According to our research, the course of the epidemic process was found to be influenced by a complex of environmental factors. This high anthropogenic load of the Selenga river and lake Quill, where the main causes are the failure modes of nature-protection and sanitary-protective zones of the lake, the unauthorized disposal of waste production and consumption, inadequate operation of water purification facilities, deterioration of the sanitary-technical condition of water supply and sewage networks.Conclusion. The high incidence of diphyllobotriosis in the coastal areas of lake Baikal is an objective reflection of the socio-hygienic problems of the population of the Republic of Buryatia.

Https://panor.ru/articles/analiz-i-otsenka-kadrovoy-bezopasnosti-predpriyatiy-apk/58194.html

The article considers the place of agriculture in the economy, the structure of agricultural products in general and by category of farms in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Buryatia. The dynamics of physical volumes of agricultural products is presented, availability and efficiency of use of production resources are analyzed, the level of self-sufficiency of the Republic of Buryatia in the main types of agricultural products is studied.

НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ «ТУРИЗМ И ИНДУСТРИЯ ГОСТЕПРИИМСТВА» В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БУРЯТИЯ)

The article was written at the start of the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic, which may deal a new devastating blow to the tourism sector. The article presents the main trends in tourism determining the strategic directions, methods and technologies applied to revive and further develop tourism. It also considers the goals and tools for implementing the state tourism policy in the framework of the Tourism and Hospitality Industry national project being currently shaped. The case of the Republic of Buryatia has been used to show changes in the approaches to managerial decision-making in the face of uncertainty, and to analyze operational data on the current situation in the tourism sector. The authors consider which responses and government support measures have a tactical character, and which can contribute to the revival and further development of tourism in the framework of the national tourism policy in the long run.

Из сибиряков в дальневосточники: широк простор и долог путь

<span>В статье рассматриваются проблемы и перспективы развития Республики Бурятия и Забайкальского края в составе Дальневосточного федерального округа. Исследованы изменения административно-территориального статуса Бурятии и Забайкалья на протяжении последних 100 лет. Проведен анализ участия двух регионов в программах развития Дальнего Востока в плановой экономике и в постсоветском периоде. Определен значительный разрыв в федеральном финансировании программных мероприятий между сибирскими и дальневосточными субъектами России. Выявлена тенденция снижения финансовой поддержки забайкальских регионов в рамках федеральной целевой программы развития Дальнего Востока. Изучены проблемы и перспективы интеграции обоих регионов в экономическое пространство Дальнего Востока. Определены объективные и субъективные факторы отставания Республики Бурятия от Забайкальского края в использовании режима территории опережающего социально-экономического развития.</span>

Evaluation of the dairy cattle breeding development and the population provision by the dairy products of the region with a continental climate

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of dairy cattle breeding and the provision of milk and dairy products to the population of the Republic of Buryatia, a region with a continental climate. Per capita production of milk and dairy products does not provide a level of per capita consumption. Their actual consumption is below rational norms. The resources of milk and dairy products have declined in recent years compared with 1990 almost 40% due to a significant decrease in the number of cows and their productivity. The largest share of cattle, including cows are concentrated in households when they are reduced in the public sector. Therefore, the volume of production of these products in agricultural organizations decreased by 18 times compared with the pre-reform period.

Международный бурятский фестиваль «Алтаргана» как фактор внутриэтнической консолидации бурят конца XX–XXI в.

Goals and Materials. The article analyzes field, literary, and media data to explore the urgent issue of contemporary ethnic processes inherent to the people that – due to a number of historical circumstances — live in three federal subjects of Russia (Republic of Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, Irkutsk Oblast), and constitute separate diasporas in Mongolia and China. So, the festival which started in 1994 in Mongolia grew to become international since 2002, and is nowadays held nationwide with official state support every two years in one of Russia’s regions where the Buryats live. Results. Cyclicity, established forms and demonstrativeness elevate the event to the rank of a ritual characterized by symbolism of actions. Through spatial whirling, it physically and mentally covers the ethnic territory of the administratively separated Buryats, emphasizes integrity of the nation, being an important factor for the intra-ethnic consolidation in the late 20th – 21st centuries. The performance comprises three main parts, namely: grand opening; contests and sporting competitions aimed at preserving and reviving the Buryat language, traditional culture, ethnic sports; and grand closing ceremony. Despite the international status, the event still remains poorly understood, and the article opens prospects for its further research.

Diversity and distribution of gall-forming aphids of the genus Pemphigus (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae, Pemphigini) in Eastern Siberia

We reviewed the diversity and distribution of the gall-forming aphids of the genus Pemphigus developing on poplars in Eastern Siberia. As a result, the checklist of this group was compiled comprising 13 species distributed in this macroregion that accounts about 29% of the world's known poplar-feeding Pemphigus species. Biogeographical and host plant data are provided for all listed species. Pemphigus birimatus Ivanovskaja, Pem. laurifoliae Dolgova, and Pem. matsumurai Monzen were documented for the first time in the Republic of Tuva. In addition, the latter two species were also discovered in the Republic of Buryatia and Zabaikalskii Krai, respectively. Two poplars Populus × sibirica and Pop. laurifolia were recorded as novel hosts for 3 Pemphigus species. The origin of Pem. passeki Börner, Pem. spyrothecae Passerini, and Pem. microsetosus Aoki in Eastern Siberia remains unclear. Four species Pem. populi Courchet, Pem. bursarius (Linnaeus), Pem. matsumurai, and Pem. spyrothecae Lichtenstein cause noticeable damage to poplars in man-made plantations.