Azerbaijan Research Articles

Konstitusiyaya dəyişikliyə zərurət varmı: Azərbaycanda informasiya sahəsində hüquq və azadlıqlara dair normalarda ziddiyyətlər

The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan forms the basis of the national legislative system. As in all areas of law, the guiding provisions and preliminary beginnings for the right to information are defined in the Constitution. However, the changes in the forms of realization of rights and freedoms in the field of information, arising from the demands of the modern era, make it necessary to reconsider many constitutional norms. In the article we have presented, the following articles of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan will be analyzed and suggestions and recommendations will be presented: freedom of information (Article 50 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan); freedom of thought and speech (Article 47 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan); guarantee of human and civil rights and freedoms (Article 71 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan). Keywords: Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, freedom of information, freedom of expression, restrictions, legitimate interests, proportionality.

Məhkəmənin hökm və ya qərarlarına yeni açılmış hallar üzrə baxılması üçün əsaslar

This research article conducted the grounds of proceedings on newly found circumstances, which are a type of particular proceedings in the criminal process of the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to newly found circumstances, the review of judgments and decisions of the court, which led to the issuance of a legally binding judgment or decision, and which were present during the investigation and trial of the case, but happens due to discovery of new unknown cases by the person who conducted the investigation or the court on the merits of the case. Chapter 54 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan is devoted to the proceedings of newly opened cases. The first article - 461 of that chapter is dedicated to the grounds for considering court judgments or decisions in newly found circumstances. However, the specified article did not establish a legal understanding of the newly found circumstances. In this regard, we would suggest that Article 461 of the Criminal Procedural Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan to be amended regarding proceedings on newly opened cases and that institution to be given the following legal meaning: "Proceedings on newly found circumstances, the legally binding judgment of the court or other cases that make it possible to change any final decision are those cases that were not determined before - neither during the preliminary investigation nor at other stages of the criminal proceedings". Keywords: newly newly found circumstances, judgement, Supreme Court, the right to appeal, new verdicts, cassation instance.

Engineering-geological conditions of the Shirvan Steppe of the Kura-Aras Lowland of Azerbaijan Republic and the influence of the Upper-Shirvan Canal on it

Since 1950, the area of the Shirvan Steppe has been subject to numerous ameliora- tive measures, as well as the construction of a number of hydrotechnical facilities. Natural and anthropogenic effects have altered the level of groundwater, mineralization level, chemical composition, engineering-geological conditions, soil salinity, and chemical composition of soils. In order to reflect the engineering-geological conditions of the Shirvan Steppe, geological-hydrochemical sections were created in two directions, in the direction of groundwater flow (I-I) and the direction across the flow of groundwater (II-II). The analysis consid- ered the engineering-geological, physical-geographical, geomorphological, geological, and other conditions of the studied area before and after construction of the Upper Shirvan Canal. Along the route of the Upper Shirvan Canal, the research revealed the main soils as follows: loam, clay, gravel-pebble, sand, and loamy sand. The engineering-geological parameters such as minimum moisture capacity, hygroscopic moisture, volume, weight, density, porosity, and granulometric composition of the soils along the route of Ujar, Kurdamir, Goychay regions, and the Upper Shirvan Canal have been determined. Over the 70-year continuous operation of the Upper Shirvan Canal, settlements in the area of its influence expanded, thereby increasing the loading on the canal beyond the norm. As a result of damage to the concrete coatings of the canal, the quality of operation has decreased, some infrastructure located on it has ceased to function, and water losses from the canal have increased. In such conditions, it is important to study the formation of engineering-geological conditions resulting from natural and anthropogenic effects and to take preventive measures against negative impacts. During the reconstruction and subsequent operation of the canal to provide water to the newly irrigated land areas in the Shirvan Steppe, there should be taken into account the technogenic effects on the geological environment and relevant proposals of important scientific and practical importance regarding the reconstruction project.

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF AZERBAIJAN DESTROYED AS A RESULT OF ARMENIAN AGGRESSION

The article studies the historical, material and moral monuments of Azerbaijan, which were destroyed because of the aggression of the Republic of Armenia and its supporting forces. At the same time, the article examines the issues such as the history of Karabakh, the Karabakh Khanate, socio-political, socio-economic, cultural and moral situation of Karabakh, Armenia's terror against the historical, cultural and spiritual monuments of Azerbaijan, Armenian vandalism in Irevan, the Turkic-Muslim, Albanian monuments destroyed in Karabakh during the occupation. At the same time, it analyzes the position of international and regional organizations regarding material and moral monuments destroyed as a result of Armenian vandalism, measures taken by the Republic of Azerbaijan regarding the destruction of monuments as a result of Armenian aggression.

MEDIA COVERAGE OF NOWRUZ RITUALS AND REFLECTIONS: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES ACROSS THE TURKIC WORLD

This research looks at the celebration of Nowruz, a holiday that represents plenty, growth, togetherness, revival, and new beginnings, in seven Independent Turkish States. Nowruz happens on March 21 and the days around it. Nowruz has special traditions like egg tapping, fire jumping, and iron shaping, showing both similar and different cultural customs among these states. Though there are differences, the fundamental essence of Nowruz, based on a shared historical culture, shows the enduring link between past and future traditions. Using content analysis with Maxqda 2020, this study examined news reports from 2015-2020 in three newspapers from each of Turkey, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. Results show a focus on events rather than rituals, with usual practices like fire jumping and egg tapping next to special local traditions and games, showing the cultural importance of Nowruz as a cherished and ongoing celebration.

Complete Restoration of the Sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan As a Result of Anti-Terrorist Events on September 19- 20, 2023

Complete Restoration of the Sovereignty of the Republic of Azerbaijan As a Result of Anti-Terrorist Events on September 19- 20, 2023

Inter-national and Inter-ethnic Tolerance Formed Among the People of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is one of the most multi-ethnic and minority nations, as well as ethnic groups, living together in the world. More than 50 local and at the same time representatives of small ethnic peoples live in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The people of Azerbaijan have a rich historical experience in the field of development and support of interethnic relations and multiculturalism. The President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Mr. Ilham Aliyev, has repeatedly stated that Azerbaijan is a tolerant state, all peoples live in peace and security in Azerbaijan.

Analysis of Yield Indicators of Eastern Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. f.) Varieties Grown in the Territory of the Sheki-Zagatala Region of the Republic of Azerbaijan

The article analyzes phenological observations and yield indicators of eastern persimmon varieties cultivated in the Sheki-Zagatala region of the Azerbaijan Republic. The existing 10 varieties of eastern persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. f.) were studied: Hiakume, Guyboshi, Tanenashi, Tamopan, Sidles, Amon-kaki, Geili, Tranta-kaki, Khachia and Kaki-mela. The beginning of the growing season for persimmon depends on the weather conditions of the year, the swelling of shoots is in early April (04/10) at an average air temperature of 8.3–9.3°C, and the opening of shoots is at the end of April (04/21) at an average daily temperature of 12.6–13°C. Flowering by variety began earliest on May 15 for the Hiakume variety and ended on May 30 for the Sidles variety; the flowering period lasted approximately 15 days. The earliest start of fruit ripening was observed in the Hiakume variety on October 12, and the latest in the Khachia variety - on October 20. The fruit ripening period lasted from October 12 to October 30. The earliest leaf fall began at the beginning of May for the variety Tamopan (05.11) and ended at the end of November for the variety Amon-khaki (28.11). The duration of the growing season ranged from 216-227 days. The highest yield was 268.5 kg per tree for the Tamopan variety, and the lowest was 71.0 kg for the Khachia variety. The weight of 1 persimmon fruit for the Tamopan variety was 350 g, for the Geili variety — 110 g. The number of fruits on the tree for the Geili variety was 2730 pcs., for the Sidles variety — 140 pcs. In the Sheki-Zagatala region, the main part of the areas for growing and producing eastern persimmons is in the Belokan and Zagatala regions, and over the years there has been an increase in these areas.

Features of Legal Regulation of Labor Relations in Civil Service

The purpose of the research is to analyze the legal regulation of labor relations in the civil service system, to identify the features that characterize civil service as a special type of professional labor activity, and to study the experience of the Republic of Azerbaijan and some foreign countries in this field. In the course of the research, theoretical-conceptual perspectives and legal acts regarding the legal regulation of labor relations in civil service are reviewed, civil service is characterized as a special type of professional labor activity, and civil service is analyzed as one of the opportunities of exercising citizens’ constitutional right to work. The results of the research indicate that the foundation of the professional activities of civil servants is labor legal relations. The labor-legal character of the activities of civil servants directly stems from the content of civil service. Labor legal relations exist within the civil service system, and the labor-legal subjectivity of civil servants is inevitable. It is considered impossible to implement civil service without labor legal relations. The foundation of civil service relations is labor legal relations. Civil service acts as a component of labor legal relations.

Shabran Ancient Settlement: Architecture and Historical Significance of Azerbaijan

The article delves into the historical significance of modern Azerbaijan, particularly in terms of civilization formation. The author highlights the importance of architectural artifacts, fortified cities, and fortresses within the Shabran district. Special attention is given to defensive structures like the Shabran Hill Fort, which dates back to early Middle Ages. The article analyzes historical and archaeological data concerning the city emergence and development, outlines the military-strategic and economic significance of the territory alongside its water supply and trade features.Purpose: Study and analysis of archaeological, historical and architectural properties of the Shabran settlement as well as its role in the Azerbaijan history.Research findings: The author examines the city transition from a regional hub of crafts and trade into a small village, followed by its eventual destruction due to recurrent raids. Research identifies the influence of Sassanid Iranian architecture on the initial Shabran development, studies the history, and discoveries is link with the city. Particular focus on the architectural characteristics and construction of fortresses and castles unearthed after archaeological excavations.Value: The significance of research is in comprehending the historical and cultural context of urban development in Azerbaijan.

Research of the nature of implementation of environmental innovations as a factor of ensuring competitiveness of hotel hospitality business

<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 120%; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; layout-grid-mode: char; mso-layout-grid-align: none; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 6.0pt 147.4pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: JA;">In many countries of the world, sustainable tourism is developing rapidly, and therefore the application of innovative environmental technologies is becoming an integral part of the development strategies of hospitality industry enterprises, especially hotel business. This trend promotes the introduction of new management systems based on the principles of sustainable development, including resource-saving technologies. In the work, the existing environmental management tools are analyzed and comparative studies of the essence of the application of “green” innovations are conducted using the example of the hotel business enterprises of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 120%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-fareast-language: JA;">Studies have shown that the implementation of such innovations and eco-technologies in hotels demonstrates their commitment to environmental responsibility, improves the guest experience, helps save resources and acts as an additional advertising tool. Technological re-equipment and the use of modern materials aimed at reducing the burden on the environment ensure the economic efficiency of hotel business enterprises and increase their competitiveness.</span></p>

WŁADZA NARODOWA PAŃSTWA I SPOSÓB JEJ OCENY NA PRZYKŁADZIE REPUBLIKI AZERBEJDŻANU

This study aims to analyze the national power of the state and its structural components including population, territory, economy, military power, scientific and technical progress, political will, and geopolitical factors. The research problem of the study was focused on estimating the state’s national power. The hypothesis of the study assumes that government policies should be based on real national power in order for policymakers to adopt rational policies. Research methods used in the study include comparative analysis, analysis and synthesis, and statistical data analysis. Additionally, the structural components of national power are reformulated into a new formula by reviewing the calculation rules. Furthermore, a mechanism for measuring the national power of the Republic of Azerbaijan is proposed using a fuzzy numerical scale based on expert opinion.

НАДЕЖНОСТЬ ТРАКТОРОВ БЕЛАРУСЬ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СЕРВИСА В УСЛОВИЯХ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

The article analyzes typical failures of Belarusian tractors by brand and component. It has been established that over the past 17 years, the production of tractors has increased by 3.28 times. Observations of more than 100 units of Belarusian tractors operating in different climatic conditions of the Republic of Azerbaijan were carried out for the effective organization of technical service, taking into account the nature of the distribution of faults. It was found that 73.2% of malfunctions occur in Belarus tractors - 892, 15.9% - in Belarus - 1221, 10.9% - in Belarus - 82.1. It has been established that 64.6% of Belarusian tractor failures occur in engines, 29.3% in transmissions, and 6.1% in hydraulic systems. Operational and technological assessment was carried out on the fields of the republic. A decrease in the efficiency of using equipment was revealed as a consequence of the fact that due to an insufficient technical service network, its efficiency decreases, costs and time to eliminate failures increase and, accordingly, the intensity and frequency of their occurrence increases. The methodology for determining the density of tractors depending on their number and area of farmland was developed to optimize the development and placement of technical service centers (TSC) for tractors in Belarus. Equipment density is characterized by the amount of equipment per 1 km2 of farmland. The average distance they travel to the central heating station depends on the density of tractors. A nomogram for determining the average moving distance of equipment to the central heating system based on the number of equipment and the density of their distribution has been developed. Thus, the effective organization of technical services in the republic helps to ensure a minimum level of prices for services with high quality.

Investigation of Urban Heat Island Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

In modern times, cities and cities' economy are the main causes of global problems. For this reason, the study of cities is an urgent issue. Our goal is to study the temperature of the elements of climate in Shirvan, one of the big cities in the Republic of Azerbaijan, and to analyze urban heat islands. Landsat satellite images were decoded and analyzed using Remote Sensing and GIS technologies during the study. It was determined that the surface temperature in the northwestern and western parts of the city is unfavourable for the health of the population in the summer months. At this time, the temperature indicators in the areas of the city close to the banks of the Kura river are quite favourable as a result of the influence of the river. The intensive development of the industry in the city and the large population have caused the energy consumption to be higher than in other areas. The presence of an urban lifestyle and the construction of asphalted roads have led to the creation of urban heat islands.

The Current Issues of Economic Relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the People s Republic of China: The Realities of the Present Time

This article examines the state and prospects of relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the People's Republic of China. While studying the issues of cooperation between the two countries, the author notes that in 1992 the People's Republic of China officially established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan, then the Republic of Azerbaijan a year later, that is, in 1993, decided to open an embassy in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China. The author particularly examines the economic aspects of international cooperation between the two countries and emphasizes the special role of China’s “One Belt, One Road” initiative and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, in which the Republic of Azerbaijan has become a dialogue partner. Analysing the state of economic aspects of international cooperation between the two countries, the author identifies some cases that negatively affect the development of relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the People's Republic of China. The author mainly attributes the diversification of export products, the problem for Chinese enterprises in the energy sector of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the trade imbalance between the two countries, and so on to these problems. The author, examining statistical data, comes to the conclusion that there is a stable trade surplus of China over Azerbaijan. The author notes that constant efforts by both countries are needed to improve trade and, in general, economic relations in order to prevent obstacles that negatively affect these relations. According to the author, these problems need to be solved by both countries jointly, coordinating their actions in advance. Therefore, we believe that the basis of international relations between the two countries in the economic sphere, including politics and culture, is the friendly and proactive attitude of the Republic of Azerbaijan towards the People's Republic of China. The development and strengthening of these relations will contribute to a new wave of economic and trade growth between the two countries in the future.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SEVERAL LOCAL AND INTRODUCED GRAPE VARIETIES: RESEARCH AND EVALUATION OF THEIR TECHNOLOGICAL SUITABILITY

The article presents the findings from a study evaluating the morphological, biological and technological characteristics of various table and technical grape varieties cultivated in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The research adhered to the descriptors of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). The study reveals a wide range in the size of grape bunches, with medium, large and small bunches being predominant. Notably, the local and introduced varieties Arna-grna, Khindogny, Hamashara, Shirvanshahy and Moldova exhibited superior morphological traits such as mass, volume and size of bunches. Juice yield, a key indicator of technological suitability, ranged from 45.5% to 80.0%. The Shiraz variety had the lowest juice yield (45.8%), whereas the Moldova (76.8%) and Uni Blanc (80.0%) varieties had the highest. Most varieties had small berries, but Arna-grna (481 g), Gyanjavi (341 g) and Moldova (317 g) were considered medium. The sugar content in the berries was categorized as average, high or very high, with Shirvanshahy having the highest sugar content (25.0 g/100 cm3). The titratable acidity of the varieties was low to average, while the active acidity was mainly low.

Environmental impact assessment in the Caspian region

Background. The current state and pressures associated with the anthropogenic impact on the Caspian region environment are examined. Surrounded by five coastal countries, including the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Caspian Sea is the world’s largest endorheic water body. The isolation of the Caspian Sea, which is characterized by special climatic conditions and salinity gradients, has led to the formation of a unique ecosystem.Aim. Environmental impact assessment of the Caspian region and the associated anthropogenetic load.Materials and methods. The anthropogenic processes affecting the environment of the Caspian Sea and the surrounding area were assessed using the DPSIR concept. This concept includes the components of driving forces, pressures, state, impacts, and response in order to inclusively determine the connections between human activities and the environment. This concept was used as by the European Environmental Agency as the basis for integrated environmental analysis.Results. The conducted study determined the scale and geography of greenhouse gas degassing, the volume of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere by components, the structure of greenhouse gas emissions, and the dynamics of emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen oxide generated from stationary sources in the Caspian region. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases that pollute the atmosphere and sea waters, generated from stationary sources, are formed as a result of the production activities of a number of industries: mining; electricity, gas, and steam generation; air conditioning; manufacturing; water supply; wastewater treatment; construction industry; agriculture and forestry; transport storage and communications; repair of vehicles and motorcycles; as well as other activities.Conclusion. The share of enterprises in the fuel and energy complex that emit greenhouse gases is about 60%. The structure of greenhouse gas emissions and the dynamics of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions generated from stationary sources in the Caspian region are shown. The Caspian Sea is one of the most important endorheic basins in the world. Being surrounded by land on all sides, the Caspian Sea lacks flows that would maintain its self-purification. Pollutants that enter the Sea remain there due to the lack of mechanisms for their removal. Complete information about the level of pollutant inputs is crucial for selecting the most effective means of environmental compensation or pollution reduction. The largest polluting sectors are agriculture, industry, including oil and gas, and urbanization.

Legal, ethical and moral aspects of the fight against aids as a social dangerous disease

The scientific article examines the relevant regulatory framework for the development of legal, ethical and moral regulation in the fight against HIV/AIDS, and provides recommendations for improving medical treatment and control mechanisms. In the research work, a comparative analysis of domestic legal acts with international legal norms as the current legal basis for the fight against the AIDS epidemic is considered, and the directions for the adoption of the legislation and judicial practice of model countries in the field of medical law for the Republic of Azerbaijan are stated. Based on case studies and empirical research, the article provides an assessment of the challenges and opportunities for strengthening legal protection, especially for people living with HIV/AIDS, and legal mechanisms for increasing access to care and treatment. Also, innovative methods and strategies are explored to protect the rights of people suffering from HIV/AIDS, to protect against discrimination and stigmatization through the application of directly mentioned coping strategies, as well as to create more sensitive and effective treatment mechanisms of the health care system. It is proposed to refine the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan and eliminate the loopholes in the law. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of a strong legal framework for the development of the fight against AIDS and suggests practical steps to bring it to the agenda in today’s world. In the context of the ongoing global struggle against HIV/AIDS, our research emphasized the crucial role of legal regulation in the development of a comprehensive care system for individuals affected by this disease. The article underscored the significance of legal frameworks in ensuring unhindered access to care, treatment, and support for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. By establishing guidelines and standards for healthcare providers, legal regulation enables the delivery of high-quality care while safeguarding the rights of individuals affected by HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, the rule of law plays a vital role in combating stigma and discrimination, which remain significant obstacles to effective efforts to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. It is also highlighted various tools and strategies for improving care for individuals living with HIV/ AIDS, including the integration of HIV services into existing healthcare systems, community-based care models, and the promotion of holistic and patient-centered approaches to care. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that legal regulation is a vital component of the global response to HIV/AIDS, as it enables the provision of comprehensive care and support to individuals affected by this disease. Moreover, the implementation of innovative care models and strategies outlined in international legal instruments can further enhance the quality and effectiveness of HIV/AIDS treatment services.

THE PLACE OF THE REPUBLIC EDUCATION COUNCIL IN HEYDAR ALIYEV'S NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY

In the educational history of the independent Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republican Education Council occupies an important place with its history of creation, content, and rich heritage. In this article, the Republican Education Council, which has held an important position in the process of educational construction of our independent state for many years, is considered as the educational heritage of Heydar Aliyev, and the study of its place in the construction of national education is discussed.

The current state of foreign trade relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

Nowadays, various trade operations are carried out in the international economic relations and economic relations between the world’s countries. Trade is one of the leading sectors of the world economy. Trade plays a vital role in shaping the world economy, increasing its efficiency based on historical stages of development, and regulating international relations. Specialisation, globalisation, and integration principles are taken as a basis in this case. Trade efficiency is achieved through a pricing policy that optimises international trade. It is also based on supply and demand. From this point of view, the article extensively studies the foreign trade relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan, along with its positive trends, and explores the areas hindering its development. Thus, the geography of foreign trade relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan has significantly expanded in recent years, has become a member of international trade organisations, and has achieved positive trends in trade. The Republic of Azerbaijan has established foreign economic and trade relations with several countries worldwide and constantly develops these relations.