Republic Of Adygea Research Articles

Epstein-Barr virus in Adygeans and Slavs in Russia: virus types, <i>LMP1</i> variants, and malignant tumors

Introduction. It is known that the structural features of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) affect the manifestation of its biological properties. Based on differences in the sequences of the EBNA2, EBNA3A, -B, and -C genes, two types of the virus, EBV-1 and EBV-2, have been identified that have different ability to transform B cells in vitro and possibly playing certain role in the development of EBV-associated neoplasms.Aim. To study the prevalence of EBV-1 and EBV-2 in two ethnic groups, Аdygeans and Slavs, as well as the contribution of EBV-associated tumors to the overall incidence of malignant neoplasms certain organs and tissues.Materials and methods. DNA samples were extracted from 59 oral lavages of ethnic Аdygeans from Republic of Adygea and 40 such from oral cavity of ethnic Slavs of Moscow city. These samples were used for amplification of EBV DNA, determination of the concentration of viral DNA copies per 1 cell washout, as well as for amplification of EBV LMP1 followed by sequencing of the resulting gene samples and determination of their protein variant (LMP1).Results. Studies have shown that among the representatives of the Аdygeans the 2nd EBV type prevails, and among the Slavs, the 1st one. Epstein-Barr virus isolates in representatives of the two ethnic groups also differed in the structure of LMP1. Among the Slavs, a set of its LMP1 variants (B95.8/A, China, Med- and NC) was identified. However, among the Adygeans, the only variant - B95.8 and its subtype - B95.8/A was identified. EBV-1, which prevails among the representatives of the Slavs and has the ability to transform B-cells, was projected onto a higher incidence of tumors of the pharynx, stomach, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (where EBV-associated cases cam occur) in the population of Moscow than in the population of the Republic of Adygea. However, the differences between incidence rates for these neoplasms (with the exception for the stomach tumors) were not statistically significant (p >0.5). A higher and statistically significantly different incidence rate of stomach cancer in residents of Moscow city, compared with that in residents of the Republic of Adygea, in our opinion, is not due to EBV-1 type and/or LMP1 variants, but rather is associated with a genetic predisposition the population of Moscow city to this tumor.Conclusion. The fact that two ethnic groups of Russia were found to be prevails by different types of EBV raises the question of their ethno-geographical association and their role in the induction of EBV-associated tumors. To resolve this issue additional studies in other geographical regions of Russia among representatives of different ethnic groups are required.

Качество древесного опада как информативный индикатор функциональной классификации лесов

Relevance and goals. In the context of global climate change, the climate-regulating function of forests deserves special attention. There is still no functional classification of forests according to the effectiveness of their carbon storage function. The purpose of this article is to discuss an approach to such classification based on the assessment of the quality of tree litter. Objects and methods. To test the approach to the identification of functional types of forests (FTL) based on the quality of tree litter, taking into account the position in the landscape and the mechanical composition of soil-forming rocks, data on soils and vegetation obtained at 23 sites operating in the subzone of coniferous-broadleaf forests of the European part of Russia on the territory of Bryansk Polesie and Moskvoretsko-Okskaya plain were used. For indirect (on the ecological scale of E. Landolt using the SpeDiv program) to assess differences in the soil richness of forests belonging to different FTLS, the species composition of 160 descriptions of forest vegetation of the Moscow, Bryansk, Smolensk, Kostroma regions, Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea (North-Western Caucasus) was analyzed. Results. Examples of functional forest types (FTL) for coniferous and broad-leaved forests of the European part of Russia are given. The differences in the level of soil carbon accumulation between different FTLS are shown, and a preliminary assessment of the influence of the position in the landscape and the mechanical composition of soils on the accumulation of carbon in soils within FTLS is given. Conclusion. Based on the quality of the fall of tree litter, 15 FTL were identified, which are confirmed by examples based on geobotanical descriptions of forest communities common in the zone of coniferous-deciduous forests of the European part of Russia and in the belt of coniferous-deciduous forests of the North-Western Caucasus. The validity of the allocation of FTL for the efficiency of carbon accumulation in soils based on the quality of plant litter, taking into account the influence of “external factors” (the position in the landscape and the mechanical composition of soil-forming rocks) is confirmed by data obtained at 23 sites; estimates of the carbon reserves in the soil, as well as the soil richness estimated on an ecological scale, revealed differences between the allocated FTLS. Differences in carbon stocks in forest ecosystems in the same FTL formed on loamy and sandy loam soil-forming rocks were revealed. Differences in soil carbon reserves in forests belonging to the same FTL, but formed at different positions in the landscape, have been confirmed; in transit landscapes, soil carbon reserves are higher than in autonomous ones.

РОЛЬ КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ СТОКА РЕКИ БЕЛОЙ В СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПЕРИОД

The paper is devoted to the runoff of the Belaya River flowing on the territory of the Adygea Republic. Factors influencing its formation: air temperature and atmospheric precipitation in a mountainous and piedmont part of the republic are analyzed. The work is based on data from weather stations in the village of Guzeripl and Maikop. The dynamics of air temperature in the mountainous part from 7 to 11.2 °C, in the foothill from 9 to 15.3 °C. Precipitation varies from 482 to 1136 mm in the foothill and from 825 to 1594 mm in the mountainous part. Changes in precipitation and air temperature over five years are analyzed. The water consumption in the upper and middle reaches of the Belaya River is considered, which tends to decrease and varies from 42.11 to 26.9 m3/s and from 83.56 to 52.46 m3/s in the upper and middle reaches, respectively. The correlation of these factors with the flow rate of the river is analyzed and a low pair relationship is revealed.

Preface to Special Issue "Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Geology, Geophysics and Geoecology"

This article is devoted to a special issue of the Russian Journal of Geosciences, which is dedicated to the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference "Fundamental and Applied Aspects of geology, geophysics and geoecology using modern information technologies" 2021 at Maikop State Technological University (Maikop, Republic of Adygea) consisting of "The Year of Science and Technology in Russia". The scientific forum is traditionally held once a two years and is of great interest to scientific community.

FREQUENCY AND DEGREE OF DOMINATION OF ALIEN AND NATIVE SPECIES IN SYNANTHROPIC PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

Despite the steady interest of biologists in the problem of invasions, the role of alien dominants in the formation of the vegetation cover of recipient regions has not yet been quantified. We compared the frequency and degree of dominance of alien and native plant species in nine sites of synanthropic vegetation in the vicinity of several settlements in the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory (the Western Caucasus: the basins of the Belaya, Tuapse, and Agoy rivers; the Kuban-Azov Lowland). Within them, 1950 to 3683 (24847 in total) accounting plots of 1 m were established, on which the projective cover of the dominant species was estimated. The results showed that in the studied sites of synanthropic communities about 10% of the dominants identified were alien species. Compared to native dominants, they are characterized, on average (per species), by a slightly higher frequency of dominance and achievement of a coverage of more than 80% in most sites. At the same time, on average, for all sites, alien plant species dominate in 12% of the accounting plots (in different sites from 2 to 28%), and they reach coverages of more than 80% only on 2.9% of plots (0.04-7.7%). The species similarity between complexes of alien dominants in different sites is, on average, higher than the similarity of complexes of aboriginal dominants. This means that the strengthening of the positions of alien species leads to an increase in the homogeneity of synanthropic vegetation in southern Russia.

Радионуклиды в почвах высокогорных районов Северного Кавказа

The paper presents the results of studies of the activity concentration of radionuclides in the high mountainous regions of the North Caucasus (height above sea level from 1800 m to 3150 m). The control site were laid out on the Lago-Naki Plateau (Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, Republic of Adygea), Shadzhatmaz Plateau (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), Alania National Park (Republic of North Ossetia-Alania) and on the peaks of Cheget and Terskol (Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria). A distinctive feature of this work is the establishment of background concentrations of natural dose-forming radionuclides in the soils of high mountain areas. It is shown that for a height of 1800–2200 m and mountain meadow soils on sedimentary rocks, the background activity concentration of natural radionuclides is 20–40 Bq/kg for 226Ra and 232Th and 300–500 Bq/kg for 40K. Due to the uneven distribution of artificial 137Cs after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, it is not advisable to establish its background concentrations. It is necessary to conduct large-scale screening studies of the distribution of radiocesium in soils of high mountains to assess its distribution and identify possible spots. Keywords: NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES, 137Cs, SOIL, ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION, DISTRIBUTION

Development of an exemplary 10-day school menu in accordance with the requirements of Sanpin 2.3/2.4.3590-20

The article presents materials reflecting the developed exemplary 10-day menu of school breakfasts, lunches and afternoon snacks for the age groups of 7-11 years and 12 years and older for the organization and implementation of school meals in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3/2.4.3590-20. The scope of the developed materials includes schools and public catering enterprises that organize meals for schoolchildren based on the principles of healthy eating in accordance with the requirements of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms SanPiN 2.3/2.4.3590-20 «Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Organization of Public Catering of the Population « (approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated October 27, 2020 No. 32). When calculating the school menu, the requirements for the cost of a grocery set have been taken into account (no more than 58.39 rubles per day per student for the age category of 7–11 years and 12 years and older for school breakfast; no more than 58.39 rubles per day for one student of the age category of 7–11 years old and 65 rubles per day for one student of the age category of 12 years and older for a school lunch; no more than 18.75 rubles per day for one student of the age category of 7–11 years old and 22.75 rubles per day for one student of the age category of 12 years and older for a school afternoon snack). The developed exemplary 10-day menu of school breakfasts, lunches and afternoon snacks for the age categories of 7–11 years and 12 years and older have passed an examination in the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Republic of Adygea and received a positive conclusion (01-00-03/58-4986-2021 dated August 27, 2021) and can be recommended for the use in educational institutions. The optimal period for the development (at least three months) and approbation (at least six months) of an exemplary school menu should be considered from six months to a year. In addition, the menu for school meals should be multivariate, including options for people with disabilities and other individualization. The new menu should be tested first in some educational institutions, and after adjustment by the developers, it is recommended for implementation. For the effective organization and implementation of school meals, a systematic approach to the issue of the formation of high-quality raw materials and a flexible pricing policy is required.

EXPERIENCE IN REGULATING MIGRATION FLOWS AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL: LATE 1980s – EARLY 1990s

This article aims to consider the example of two differently active re-gions of the South of Russia in terms of migration (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, “recipients” and Dagestan, “donor” of “internal” and labor) migrants) (1980s - early 1990s) experience of managing migration flows at the regional level and the problems of adaptation of migrants to new socio-cultural conditions. The article substantiates the need to study popula-tion migration. On the example of regions (administrative-territorial regions of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, Sochi, the Republic of Dagestan), the consequences of mass displacements in the late 1980s - early 1990s from the republics of Central Asia, Transcaucasia as a result of inter-ethnic conflicts, deterioration the quality of life of the population. Using a systematic approach, a sampling method and a comparative analysis, the re-gional specificity of the migration situation is revealed, the experience of reg-ulating the migration problem at the federal and regional levels is considered. The research is based on the normative legal acts of the federal and regional legislation, archival documents. It is concluded that in the late 1980s - early 1990s, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea, Sochi became one of the main in Russia, accepting a significant number of migrants from the re-publics of the USSR. The experience of regulating the migration problem consisted in the creation of regional structures for its solution, the develop-ment of migration legislation at the federal and regional levels, the coordina-tion of work on the management of migration processes, the formation of mechanisms for the socio-economic adaptation and integration of migrants. The consequences of the intense dynamics of migration processes continuing to this day in the regions considered in this article are characterized by both similar trends and local features. So, in Dagestan, there is an intensive de-population of mountainous territories. The demographic situation "moun-tains without mountaineers" is considered by a narrow circle of "collective farm heirs" as optimal for the liquidation of dairy farms, the transformation of mountain agricultural terraces, hayfields and even gardens into summer pastures for distant sheep breeding, i.e. the industry, from the point of view of job creation (three shepherds are enough to care for 1000 heads of sheep), is the least productive and, therefore, negligibly focused on the social and ethno-cultural well-being of mountain communities.This article aims to consider the example of two differently active re-gions of the South of Russia in terms of migration (Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, “recipients” and Dagestan, “donor” of “internal” and labor) migrants) (1980s - early 1990s) experience of managing migration flows at the regional level and the problems of adaptation of migrants to new socio-cultural conditions. The article substantiates the need to study popula-tion migration. On the example of regions (administrative-territorial regions of Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea, Sochi, the Republic of Dagestan), the consequences of mass displacements in the late 1980s - early 1990s from the republics of Central Asia, Transcaucasia as a result of inter-ethnic conflicts, deterioration the quality of life of the population. Using a systematic approach, a sampling method and a comparative analysis, the re-gional specificity of the migration situation is revealed, the experience of reg-ulating the migration problem at the federal and regional levels is considered. The research is based on the normative legal acts of the federal and regional legislation, archival documents. It is concluded that in the late 1980s - early 1990s, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea, Sochi became one of the main in Russia, accepting a significant number of migrants from the re-publics of the USSR. The experience of regulating the migration problem consisted in the creation of regional structures for its solution, the develop-ment of migration legislation at the federal and regional levels, the coordina-tion of work on the management of migration processes, the formation of mechanisms for the socio-economic adaptation and integration of migrants. The consequences of the intense dynamics of migration processes continuing to this day in the regions considered in this article are characterized by both similar trends and local features. So, in Dagestan, there is an intensive de-population of mountainous territories. The demographic situation "moun-tains without mountaineers" is considered by a narrow circle of "collective farm heirs" as optimal for the liquidation of dairy farms, the transformation of mountain agricultural terraces, hayfields and even gardens into summer pastures for distant sheep breeding, i.e. the industry, from the point of view of job creation (three shepherds are enough to care for 1000 heads of sheep), is the least productive and, therefore, negligibly focused on the social and ethno-cultural well-being of mountain communities.

ДОВЕРИЕ К ВЛАСТИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АДЫГЕЕ И КРАСНОДАРСКОМ КРАЕ (ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ПРИКЛАДНОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)

Objective of the study is determine the level of citizens' trust in government institutions in the conditions of the COVID crisis in the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory. The methodological basis of the research consists of an interdisciplinary approach to measuring trust in authority; the principle of consistency made it possible to consider the interaction of authority and society in the context of structural and functional changes in this system; the survey method made it possible to measure the level of trust in the authorities and assess the impact of the pandemic, to develop mechanisms to strengthen trust in the authorities, taking into account the regional specifics; the method of analysis of secondary sociological information allowed to correlate the data obtained in the course of empirical research; the comparative method made it possible to compare the level of trust in the authorities in the two regions, as well as to analyze the features of the manifestation of trust in the authorities in the studied regions, based on the differences in their political and legal status (national republic and territory). Research results. Sociological research data confirm a rather low level of citizens' trust in regional institutions of power. Based on the assessments of the population of the two regions, the main factors on which the level of trust in the authorities depends are: first, the strengthening of the personal responsibility of the heads of the authorities; secondly, the openness and transparency of the activities of the authorities; third, it is necessary to take public opinion into account when making decisions. Prospects of the study. The research results can be used to calculate the trust index and analyze its main components and characteristics at the regional level; determination of information and communication, organizational, legal and other technologies for increasing public trust in the authorities, including in the space of social media; identification of effective mechanisms for strengthening institutional trust; revealing ways to improve the efficiency of management technologies in order to strengthen public trust in regional authorities.

Development of tax control in the context of digitalization of the economy

Tax control is the main fiscal and regulatory tool of the modern economy, and digital technologies, in turn, are the main tool of tax control. The article considers the impact of digitalization processes occurring in the modern economy on tax control procedures. Modernization of tax processes is explained by the active use of the latest digital technologies in tax administration in the form of various tools in order to minimize tax risks from tax evasion of legal entities and individuals. As an example, a comparative analysis of the indicators of the control work of the Departments of the Federal Tax Service of Russia for the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory for 2017-2019 has been carried out and conclusions drawn as to how the effectiveness of tax audits has changed in connection with the expansion of the informatization of the tax service. It has also been concluded that improving the efficiency of in-office inspections based on the introduction of new modern technologies can be called a promising direction of the control activity of the tax service, especially since in-office inspections are carried out permanently with almost complete quantitative coverage of all business entities. To make informed management decisions at different levels of management, a comprehensive comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the control work of tax authorities is necessary. In general, it has been noted that the development of digitalization has a positive impact on the effectiveness of tax control and allows moving away from conducting direct tax audits to creating incentives for taxpayers to voluntarily pay taxes and clarify their tax obligations. In addition, digitalization eliminates such a competitive advantage in the market as the tax component, and leads to more favorable conditions for the implementation of business activities and the growth of the state economy.

Effects of Polymetallic Ore Occurrences on Mercury Accumulation by Aquatic Biota in River Ecosystems

The study represents the data on metal content in the body of stoneflies Perla pallida Guerin-Meneville, 1838 (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and in muscles of the fish family Cyprinidae from the small tributaries of the Belaya River (Republic of Adygea, Northwest Caucasus) with ore mineralization of various metals including mercury. It was found that mercury (Hg) concentrations in stoneflies are corresponds to from the water basins without local Hg sources. Mercury content in stoneflies depends on season and is more intensive in early ontogenesis in winter than in the warm season. Mercury concentration in 0.01–0.72 mg/kg dry weight can cause the pathomorphological changes in the structure of organs and decrease the adaptive potential in competitive population of stoneflies, in general. The Hg concentration reached 0.09–0.69 mg/kg in the studied fish species (bleak, gudgeons, and barbels) and was similar to concentrations in stonefly larvae. This can be related with low size-weight parameters of fishes in samples as wells as with similar feeding patterns of hydrobionts.

Vezdaea aestivalis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Vezdaea aestivalis , a lichen-forming fungus typical of ephemeral habitats, overgrowing mosses or plant remains over calcareous rocks, often on lead or zinc mine sites. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Georgia), Australasia (Australia (Victoria)), Europe (Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Czech Republic, former Czechoslovakia, Channel Islands, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Isle of Man, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Leningrad Oblast, Republic of Adygea), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada (Northwest Territories))).

ОСОБЕННОСТИ КОНСТРУКЦИИ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПЕРЕКЛЕЙНЫХ ДЕРЕВЯННЫХ КОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ДЛЯ СТОЛЯРНО-СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ И МЕБЕЛИ

Each industrial enterprise, in order to increase the competitiveness of its products, must ensure such quality indicators as dimensional stability and maintainability during the entire warranty period. In practice, these indicators are ensured by observing the design rules. This problem is especially relevant in the design of joinery and construction and furniture products operated in variable climatic conditions. The purpose of the study was to establish the optimal technological chains for the production of re-adhesive structural elements; find the optimal sizes of lamellas, plots and assembly units for gluing; substantiate the expediency of veneering the glued elements with sawn veneer; design of products as a whole without the use of spikes and glue. All studies were carried out in real production conditions: at LLC Firm "Caucasian Forest", Republic of Adygea, Maikop district, settlement Tulsky and LLC HC "Mebel Chernozemya ", Voronezh. It is clear from the studies carried out that the technology of re-glued blanks allows several times to reduce warpage and increase the dimensional stability of structural elements; veneering operation allows rational use of low-grade wood in production

Development of experimental samples of functional soft drinks and evaluation of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators

Development of innovative activities in the Russian Federation implicates the creation of safe and, at the same time, full-fledged in composition and consumer properties of specialized food products, as one of the main and promising tasks of the food industry. This is due to the need to provide a modern person’s diet with necessary nutrients and prevention of nutritional diseases. In this regard, development of recipes and production of functional food products using biologically active components of non-traditional plant raw materials growing in the Republic of Adygea and conducting scientific research, including the assessment of quality and biological value, are relevant. The aim of the research is to determine organoleptic, physicochemical parameters and functional properties of experimental samples of soft drinks using extracts from compositions of plant raw materials. During the course of performance phytocomposition models of mixtures of adaptogenic and antioxidant action and for the prevention of iodine deficiency have been developed, the optimal extraction option has been selected, laboratory experimental samples of functional soft drinks have been designed, quality indicators and functional properties have been investigated. The results of studying organoleptic indicators prove that the taste in all samples is quite harmonious and pleasant, with characteristic light herbal tones, the color of drinks ranges from light to rich amber, depending on the composition. The average indicator of antioxidant activity fluctuates between 156 to 244 mg/dm3. Functional food ingredients content (potassium, vitamins C, E, flavonoids and iodine trace element) of experimental samples of functional soft drinks comply with GOST R 56543-2015 Functional drinks. General technical conditions [1] are suitable for systematic consumption in order to improve physiological functions in the human body.

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Distribution in the Russian Federation

Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) incidence has been increasing steadily around the world. The aim of the study is to describe geographic trends in incidence and mortality of NMSC in Russia between 2007 and 2017 and compare findings to other European countries. Methods: We used geospatial analysis to map the incident cases and descriptive statistical analysis to analyze trends. Additionally, we assessed the relationship between ethnicity, geographic latitude/longitude, and NMSC incidence/mortality rates. We retrospectively analyzed the data from the Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, for 2007–2017. Routine methods of descriptive epidemiology were used to study incidence and mortality rates by age groups, years, and jurisdictions (i.e., Federal Districts and Federal Subjects). Results: In total, 733,723 patients were diagnosed with NMSC in Russia over the period 2007–2017, of whom 63% were women. The overall age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were 29.64/100,000 and 0.70/100,000, respectively. There was a consistent increase in age-standardized incidence rates over the study period, with a decreasing mortality rate. Geographic mapping revealed north-to-south and east-to-west gradients for NMSC. Conclusions: This study demonstrated longitudinal trends for NMSC incidence in Russia documenting that skin phototype, latitude/longitude, climate zones, and cultural practices remain dominant risk factors defining the epidemiology of NMSC. Moreover, this work identified several regions in the country (i.e., Republic of Adygea, Samara, Krasnodar Krai, etc.), where patient education/sun awareness campaigns will be useful to help reduce the risk of this malignancy.

Revision of Severianoia (Schwenk, 1926) Travassos, 1929 (Nematoda: Oxyuridomorpha) with proposal of S. pachyiuli n. sp. from millipedes of the Western Caucasus

Summary Severianoia pachyiuli n. sp. is described from the hind gut of Pachyiulus krivolutskyi (Diplopoda: Julidae) from the Republic of Adygea, Russian Federation. Females of the new species can be distinguished from those of S. magna by a smaller body and egg size; S. glomericola by smaller eggs and S. dubia by the organisation of the genital tract. Females of S. pachyiuli n. sp. are morphologically close to females of S. severianoi, but in described species males have significantly smaller body and spicule size. Severianoia pachyiuli n. sp. mostly resembles S. glomeridis by the general morphology in both sexes but differs in the position of the vulva, which is in a more posterior position to mid-body level in the described species. The description is supplemented with SEM and/or light microscope images of adults, juveniles and mature eggs. The phylogeny of the species is inferred from 18S and 28S rDNA. The taxonomic position of other representatives of Severianoia is discussed and Cephalobellus tipulae linstowi is regarded as a junior synonym of S. glomeridis.

Two new species of Phasmarhabditis Andrássy, 1976 (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with land snails in Northwest Caucasus, Russian Federation: description and molecular affiliation

Summary Two new nematode species of Phasmarhabditis were isolated from land snails in North and West Caucasus, Russian Federation. Phasmarhabditis circassica sp. n. originated from Oxychilus sp. collected by the Nickel settlement in the Adygea Republic while P. clausiliiae sp. n. came from Clausiliidae gen. sp. in the Stavropol district. Phasmarhabditis circassica sp. n. is characterised morphologically by male spicules with a hollow tip, a widely conoid, spicate female tail, ensheathed dauer juveniles 896 (813-982) μm long with a tiny but distinct cuticular apical cap and a long filamentous tail, and exsheathed dauers 773 (670-950) μm long with a tail half as long as in the ensheathed dauers and with a rounded tip. Phasmarhabditis clausiliiae sp. n. is very close to P. circassica sp. n. in having similar morphological traits and is differentiated mainly in having a longer female tail of 94 (79-111) vs 82 (54-125 μm) and the much smaller ratio c of 13.7 (10.3-18.4) vs 22.7 (16.8-27.5) and by its molecular characteristics. The molecular analysis based on partial sequences of LSU rDNA, and ITS rDNA regions has been performed and showed that the closest match for both new species was P. bohemica. Despite the morphological similarity between the species described, significant difference between these two new species was reported both for LSU rDNA and ITS rDNA.

Biodiversity of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in rice-growing regions of the south of Russia using PCR method.

The purpose of this research by the way of investigating the molecular genetic structure of a highly variable fungal phytopathogen Pyricularia oryzae Cav., to determine effective genes for the development of a strategy for immunogenetic protection against rice blast in conditions of epiphytotic development of the disease in the south of Russia, which would combine high efficacy with both environmental friendliness and resource and energy saving, to ensure country's food security. The knowledge of local pathotype diversity of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. and the (a)virulence genes in rice-growing regions of Russia may allow the prediction of new races and its interaction in local agro-ecology. The identification of virulence gene may become an indispensable theoretical basis for the development of genetic sources with long-lasting resistance to rice blast. Based on molecular and genetic approaches, the genetic structure and biodiversity of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in the south of Russia were considered. The monitoring was studied and it isolated 57 strains of the pathogen from the damaged herbal material collected from the fields in eight agro-ecological rice-growing regions of the Krasnodar Region (Russian Federation): Krasnoarmeysky, Kalininsky, Krymsky, Abinsky, Temryuksky, Seversky, Slavyansky districts, Krasnodar, Rostov Region (Russian Federation)-Proletarsky district and the Republic of Adygea (Russian Federation). A multiplex PCR technique was applied on the basis of fragment analysis to identify the virulent fungal isolates. 33 fungal genotypes with unique genetic profiles were identified among the studied races of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Their DNA profiles were created. The studied isolates of the pathogen of rice blast were classified using morphological and microbiology cultural features. Based on the phytopathological test using differentiation rice varieties, the quantitative and qualitative composition of (a)virulence genes in fungal races was established. Effective genes for pathogen resistance, which are recommended for breeding programs for the development of rice varieties resistant to rice blast, were identified in the south of Russia.

Геоинформационный мониторинг демографических процессов в регионах юга Европейской России

The paper presents the results of the demographic processes analyses study in the South of European part of Russia in comparison with national outcomes. The research is based on a GIS monitoring concept and reveals the main characteristics of population size dynamic pattern with the influence of prevailing reproduction processes. The main sources of data are the office for national statistics and various regional statistics sources. ESRI ArcGIS Spatial Analyst software platform is used as a primary analytical framework. The study case covers the time frame from 1959 to 2018. Developing map models of the population’s natural reproduction brings out the depopulation speed and direction as a primary trend in Russia’s demographic development. At the beginning of the XXI century’s third decade, there is a significant reduction in the number of regions with positive natural population growth. The regions with decreasing in population have prevailed. The positive natural population growth preserves mainly in national territorial subdivisions with an unfinished demographic transition. The demographic picture in the south of European part of Russia looks relatively propitious. Negative demographic trends arise with a delay and have not reached the critical levels yet. The obvious polarization of demographic space in the south of Russia has educed — there are two areas with unequal trends of population growth: South-East area with a sustainable increase in the population and a migration outflow, the North-West area with a natural decline in the population and an erratic positive migration balance. Though the area with a sustainable increase in the population is reducing, showing positive trends in Krasnodar Krai and Republic of Adygea. The ethnic republic’s migration outflow is stable.

Legal Awareness Dynamics of the Population of the South of Russia: Cognitive Aspect

Introduction: the integration processes in the South of Russia are complicated by the ethno-cultural heterogeneity of the macroregion, different levels of socio-economic development of the subregions and differences in the societal values of the ethno-territorial communities. In these conditions, a similar legal culture serves as the basis for the consolidation of different groups of the population. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the dynamics of the legal culture cognitive component of the population of the multi-ethnic territories of Southern Russia. Methods: the empirical basis of the study was formed as part of comparative sociological research, when more than two thousand people were interviewed in the Rostov region, Adygea and Kabardino- Balkaria in 2001-2019. Results: as a rule, the legal culture of a civil-activist type should dominate in a modernized society, when the population understands and recognizes the priority of human rights and freedoms, legal responsibility, shows respect for the existing laws. Therefore, the study of the cognitive components of the legal culture of South-Russian residents includes the analysis of knowledge and perceptions of the respondents about the basic signs of the legal state, the permissibility of limitations of human rights, the degree of importance of the rights of different actors in society, the status of law, legislation in the case of administrative arrest and witness testimony. Conclusions: the empirical tests show a rather low level of specific legal knowledge of the population in all the considered territorial subjects of the South of Russia. Moreover, from the first to the last stages of the study, the dynamics of the knowledge level is decreasing. The priority of the right is not always manifested in the attitudes of the surveyed residents in the macroregion. Against this background, in the Rostov region at different stages of the study a stable group of respondents (about half of the respondents), for whom the legal norm is a legitimate regulator of behavior, was recorded. In the republican segment, the situation is volatile; the lagging dynamics of legal systems of a civil type in the Republic of Adygea and the accelerating one – in Kabardino-Balkaria are revealed.