Reproductive Losses Research Articles

O-227 Viral, bacterial and fungal infections in patients with recurrent miscarriage

Abstract Miscarriages occur in 15% of clinically recognized pregnancies in the general population. Miscarriage has several physical and psychological consequences and might be a risk marker of severe obstetrical complications during the following pregnancies and various long-term pathological conditions, such as venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular diseases. Up to 80% of reproductive losses occur in the first trimester. Miscarriage may be caused by chromosomal abnormalities, antiphospholipid syndrome and other thrombophilia’s, immune and endocrine disorders as well as inflammation. However, in up to 50% of cases, the cause of the miscarriage remains unknown. The microbiome consists of microbes that are both helpful and potentially harmful. Most are symbiotic and some, in smaller numbers, are pathogenic. In a healthy body, pathogenic and symbiotic microbiota coexist without problems. But if there is a disturbance in that balance brought on by infectious illnesses, certain diets, or the prolonged use of antibiotics or other bacteria-destroying medications dysbiosis occurs, stopping these normal interactions. In this presentation the role of the microbiome as well as the virome in recurrent miscarriage will be discussed. Possible mechanism of action will be reviewed and, if available, treatment of a perturbed microbiome will be presented. Trial registration number XXXX

The effectiveness and safety of intrauterine infusion of autologous regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss and low levels of endometrial FoxP3+ cells: A retrospective cohort study.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized type of T cells that help maintain immune tolerance and homeostasis. The potential of Tregs cell-based therapies in treating diseases has been demonstrated in several clinical trials, which have shown promising outcomes and high safety in autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and graft-versus-host disease. However, their effectiveness and safety in improving endometrial receptivity and reducing pregnancy loss in human reproduction are unknown. The study used a retrospective design and included patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and lower levels of endometrial FoxP3+ Tregs. Patients in the Tregs group (n=33) received intrauterine Tregs infusion three times during the follicular phase, while the control group (n=28) did not receive any intrauterine infusion. The intrauterine infusion of autologous Tregs increased the levels of FoxP3+ Tregs and CD56+ NK cells. Patients in the Treg group had higher live birth rates and lower miscarriage rates, especially early miscarriage rates. However, the two groups had no differences in the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and percentage of preterm delivery. The findings suggest that intrauterine Tregs infusion may be a potential therapeutic approach for RPL. Further research in larger clinical trials is needed to confirm these findings.

Perinatal pathology for women with reproductive losses in anamnesis

Perinatal aspects of miscarriage, despite progress in the study of pathogenetic mechanisms, continue to be leading in modern obstetrics. The presence of even one case of miscarriage in a woman’s anamnesis negatively affects her further reproductive function, affects the course and outcome of the next pregnancy, and even pre-pregnancy correction of detected disorders does not always allow to achieve the desired result - the birth of a healthy child. The issues of prediction, prevention, and prevention of perinatal complications require a clear understanding of the mechanism of influence of the threat of spontaneous abortion and premature birth on the fetus. Placental dysfunction can have serious consequences during pregnancy, affecting both mother and baby. Therefore, it is very important to study the relationship between potential risk groups, such as women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, and placental dysfunction. Perinatal pathology for women with reproductive losses in anamnesis. Based on the germination of a pathogeny of unmaturing of pregnancy and violations of placenta dysfunction, previous abortions in anamnesis can be related to the enhanced able risk of violations of placenta dysfunction. Comparing primiparous women, in which there were abortions in anamnesis, to the control group of women giving birth, can bring the overvalue of risks, as for the primiparous women of violation of placenta dysfunction more widespread, than for women giving birth. It is set that the most closely-coupled interface from preeclampsia was observed for patients with premature births of <37 weeks of gestation, but not in those, who gave in a term. Found out the theenhanceable risk of preeclampsia at the repeated losses of pregnancy, but only at the presence of an anamnesis of auxiliary genesial technologies. Other research it was not succeeded to find out the higher risk of preeclampsia for women with repeated loss of pregnancy, that it is possible to explain the small population and absence of a clear determination of the sequence of abortions. The repeated loss of pregnancy is a studied not enough problem, which causes serious disturbance in pair which try to create a family. Separate patients can have isolated infertility, repeated spontaneous abortions, or repeated losses in the ІІ and ІІІ trimesters. However much epidemiology information testify to strong intercommunication between these unfavorable results. The set reasons for the repeated loss of pregnancy include a hormonal disbalance, anomalies oogenesis highway, genetic or chromosomal anomalies, psychosocial, autoimmune diseases, and, possibly, immunological incompatibility of mother and fetus.

Combined heat and water stress leads to local xylem failure and tissue damage in pyrethrum flowers.

Flowers are critical for angiosperm reproduction and the production of food, fibre and pharmaceuticals, yet for unknown reasons they appear particularly sensitive to combined heat and drought stress. A possible explanation for this may be the co-occurrence of leaky cuticles in flower petals and a vascular system that has a low capacity to supply water and is prone to failure under water stress. These characteristics may render reproductive structures more susceptible than leaves to run-away cavitation - an uncontrolled feedback cycle between rising water stress and declining water transport efficiency that can rapidly lead to lethal tissue desiccation. We provide modelling and empirical evidence to demonstrate that flower damage in the perennial crop pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), in the form of irreversible desiccation, corresponds with run-away cavitation in the flowering stem after a combination of heat and water stress. We show that tissue damage is linked to greater evaporative demand during high temperatures rather than direct thermal stress. High floral transpiration dramatically reduced the soil water deficit at which run-away cavitation was triggered in pyrethrum flowering stems. Identifying run-away cavitation as a mechanism leading to heat damage and reproductive losses in pyrethrum provides different avenues for process-based modelling to understand the impact of climate change on cultivated and natural plant systems. This framework allows future investigation of the relative susceptibility of diverse plant species to reproductive failure under hot and dry conditions.

The Role of Doulas in Addressing Disparities, Barriers, and Potential Solutions to Navigating Reproductive Loss

Reproductive loss can take many forms. Common experiences include abortions, stillbirths, or miscarriages. Especially in a post-Roe time and space, the health disparities and stigmas that exist surrounding reproductive loss and those experiencing pregnancy loss have become even more apparent. Health disparities continue to exist through sociodemographic factors such as ethnicity, gender, race, and socioeconomic status. As found in existing literature on individuals’ experiences with reproductive health care, each person’s experiences strongly correlate with their identities. The level of reproductive care and compassion received vary dramatically as a result, with people of color and lower socioeconomic statuses receiving lower quality of care when seeking it out. Trends in unintended pregnancies and access to support resources also reinforce the idea that health disparities are at play. Additionally, intersectionality, or the overlapping of an individual’s multiple identities, plays an important role in the disparities seen within reproductive healthcare as discrimination and other structural factors are designed to benefit certain groups of individuals while putting others at disadvantages. Studies and surveys of individuals who have experienced pregnancy loss have addressed the existence of these inequalities within reproductive health care. Through a reproductive justice perspective, this literature review aims to bring attention to the disparities present in reproductive healthcare and how the work of reproductive loss doulas, which are full-spectrum doulas who honor all reproductive experiences, may address these disparities with sensitive and compassionate care. While addressing nationwide disparities in pregnancy loss, this literature review uses the state of Michigan to also analyze the current legislative efforts designed to expand access to critical reproductive health care services.

Investigating the unaccounted ones: insights on age-dependent reproductive loss in a viviparous fly.

Most empirical and theoretical studies on reproductive senescence focus on observable attributes of offspring produced, such as size or postnatal survival. While harder to study, an important outcome of reproduction for a breeding individual is whether a viable offspring is produced at all. While prenatal mortality can sometimes be directly observed, this can also be indicated through an increase in the interval between offspring production. Both direct reproductive loss and presumed losses have been found to increase in older females across several species. Here, we study such reproductive loss (or "abortion") in tsetse, a viviparous and relatively long-lived fly with high maternal allocation. We consider how age-dependent patterns of abortion depend on the developmental stage of offspring and find that, as per previous laboratory studies, older females have higher rates of abortion at the late-larval stage, while egg-stage abortions are high both for very young and older females. We track the reproductive output of individual females and find little evidence that experiencing an abortion is an adaptive strategy to improve future reproductive outcomes. After an abortion, females do not generally take less time to produce their next offspring, these offspring are not larger, and there is no sex bias towards females, the sex with presumed higher fitness returns (being slightly larger and longer-lived than males, and with high insemination rates). Abortion rates are higher for breeding females experiencing stress, measured as nutritional deprivation, which echoes previous work in tsetse and other viviparous species, i.e., humans and baboons. We discuss our results in the context of studies on reproductive loss across taxa and argue that this is an important yet often overlooked reproductive trait which can vary with maternal age and can also depend on environmental stressors.

Classification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome clinical impact in Ontario sow herds using machine learning approaches.

Since the early 1990s, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus outbreaks have been reported across various parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. The incursion of PRRS virus (PRRSV) in swine herds could result in various clinical manifestations, resulting in a substantial impact on the incidence of respiratory morbidity, reproductive loss, and mortality. Veterinary experts, among others, regularly analyze the PRRSV open reading frame-5 (ORF-5) for prognostic purposes to assess the risk of severe clinical outcomes. In this study, we explored if predictive modeling techniques could be used to identify the severity of typical clinical signs observed during PRRS outbreaks in sow herds. Our study aimed to evaluate four baseline machine learning (ML) algorithms: logistic regression (LR) with ridge and lasso regularization techniques, random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM), for the clinical impact classification of ORF-5 sequences and demographic data into high impact and low impact categories. First, baseline classifiers were evaluated using different input representations of ORF-5 nucleotides, amino acid sequences, and demographic data using a 10-fold cross-validation technique. Then, we designed a consensus voting ensemble approach to aggregate the different types of input representations for genetic and demographic data for classifying clinical impact. In this study, we observed that: (a) for abortion and pre-weaning mortality (PWM), different classifiers gained improvement over baseline accuracy, which showed the plausible presence of both genotypic-phenotypic and demographic-phenotypic relationships, (b) for sow mortality (SM), no baseline classifier successfully established such linkages using either genetic or demographic input data, (c) baseline classifiers showed good performance with a moderate variance of the performance metrics, due to high-class overlap and the small dataset size used for training, and (d) the use of consensus voting ensemble techniques helped to make the predictions more robust and stabilized the performance evaluation metrics, but overall accuracy did not substantially improve the diagnostic metrics over baseline classifiers.

Evaluation of the influence of Inosine pranobex on the matrix protein system in patients with chronic viral cervicitis

The reproductive potential of both women and men is declining every year. Many factors contribute to the violation of the reproductive function – chemical, physical, mechanical, psychogenic, however, biological factors have the most pronounced effect on reproduction. Chronic viral cervicitis can be not only the cause of infertility and reproductive losses, but also the development of intraepithelial dysplasia, as well as cervical cancer. PVI, as a monoinfection, is quite rare along with HPV. Other UGIs (urogenital infections) act as common routes of transmission and entry gates. The most common association with PVI is herpesvirus infection. An increase in MMP, both systemically and at the local level, may indicate a violation of cell modeling processes, which contributes to the development of autoimmune inflammation with further destruction of the tissues of the reproductive tract. Activation of MMP promotes the release of HSV from the nerve ganglia and reactivation of the infection. Therapy for HPV and HVI (herpes virus infections) are debatable. There is no single standard of treatment, but there are a number of drugs that have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Currently, there are no studies on the dynamics of the effect of HPV and HSV infection on the state of MMPs and TIMPs during Inosine pranobex therapy. Objective: to evaluate changes in matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 and their tissue inhibitors types 1 and 2 in patients with human papillomavirus and herpes infections after Inosine pranobex therapy. 6 patients with papillomavirus and herpetic infections were examined and treated with drugs containing the active ingredient Inosine pranobex. The levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in blood serum were determined using specific reagents from R&D Diagnostics Inc. (USA). The dynamics of indicators in the blood serum of patients with PVI showed a decrease in the level of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 with a simultaneous increase in TIMP-2 relative to the values before therapy. In patients with PVI and HVI, Inosine pranobex therapy showed a decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, no changes in the content of TIMP-1, but an increase in the serum content of TIMP-2. Prior to the use of therapy, an increase in the ratio in the main groups in comparison with the control group was found, however, the largest increase was found in the group with the association of infections. After therapy, positive dynamics was established in the main groups. Thus, the ratio in group I decreased and became equal to the control values. In the II group of patients, the ratio, despite the decrease, remained higher than the control values and higher in comparison with the I group of women.

Severe subfertility in Thoroughbred stallions positive for the Impaired Acrosome Reaction susceptible gene (FKBP6) in Argentina

Subfertility in stallions is one of the major causes of reproductive and economic loss in the equine industry. Low pregnancy rates have been reported in stallions with normal semen quality after conventional evaluation. Acrosome reaction (AR) is necessary for fertilization and impaired acrosome reaction (IAR) leads to subfertility or infertility in horses; however, the AR test is not included in routine semen analysis. Failure of AR may affect more than 90% of sperm, although the remaining sperm can perform normal AR during fertilization. Up to date, IAR has been confirmed as a cause of subfertility only in Thoroughbred stallions. A genome-wide association study identified FKBP6 as a strong candidate gene responsible for this failure. The gene encodes for FK506 binding protein 6 (FKBP6) which is involved in sperm development and function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of IAR susceptibility genes in stallions with satisfactory breeding soundness examination (BSE) and acceptable semen parameters but a history of severe subfertility. Thoroughbred stallions (A, B and C), between 6 and 9 years old with satisfactory BSE but with a history of low pregnancy rates during the 2020 (stallion A = 11%) and 2021 breeding seasons (stallion A= 0%; stallion B= 29%; stallion C= 10%) were included. They were referred after several consultations, andrological examinations and non-specific treatments by differentveterinarians. Ejaculates of stallions A, B and C in DSO had the following values of total number of spermatozoa/ejaculate (4.6 × 109, 8.5 × 109, 6.7 × 109); progressive motility (40%, 60%, 60%); hypo-osmotic swelling test (73%, 60%, 72%); and normal sperm morphology (58%, 68%, 76%), respectively. Evaluation of acrosome status by FITC-PSA showed 12%, 84% and 20% intact acrosomes for stallion A, B and C, respectively. Based on history and results of BSE, hair samples of the three stallions were sent to Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, Texas A&M University, and all three stallions, tested positive for the IAR susceptibility gene (FKBP6). The IAR is associated with male subfertility in humans and some domestic species including horses. A/A-A/A genotype of FKBP6 gene is considered a susceptibility gene for IAR in thoroughbred stallions with idiopathic subfertility. Hernandez Aviles et al. (Theriogenology. 2022; 186, 40-49) reported a low prevalence (0.7%) of acrosomal dysfunction in the overall population of breeding stallions but a significantly higher rate (38.1%) in idiopathically subfertile stallions. New developments in equine genomics provide tools for mapping fertility traits and discover causes of subfertility by genetic defects. Therefore, we must consider this analysis within the andrological examination in stallions with idiopathic infertility.

Multivariable analysis to investigate factors associated with day 14 to 16 pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares on an intensively managed UK stud farm

Reproductive losses limit the output of the Thoroughbred mare. Identifying factors that influence pregnancy rates could help inform practices aimed at maximizing productivity. The most recent UK-based study to identify factors influencing day 14-16 pregnancy rates utilized only univariable analysis and was conducted on data from over 20 years ago. The aim of this study was to use multivariable analysis to investigate associations between mare and cycle level factors and day 14-16 pregnancy rates (PRs) on an intensively managed UK Thoroughbred stud farm. A retrospective cohort study was performed on all available reproductive data from farm and veterinary records for the 2017-2021 breeding seasons. Information was collected on season, month of cover, stallion, mare age, status, parity, location at cover, covered cycle number (within the season), number of coverings and ovulations (within the covered cycle), and all reproductive therapeutics (estrous induction agents, ovulatory agents, and pre-and post-covering treatments) administered. Multivariable mixed effect logistic regression modelling, with mare included as a random effect in all analyses, was used to identify factors associated with a positive pregnancy diagnosis at days 14-16 post-cover. Data were available for 1098 covered estrous cycles in 360 mares over 5 breeding seasons. The overall day 14-16 PR (proportion of coverings with a positive pregnancy diagnosis at day 14-16 post-cover) for the study period was64.5% (708/1098; 95% confidence interval (CI) =61.6, 67.3). In the final multivariable model (adjusted for the effect of the mare (Theta 0.39, P=0.003) increasing mare age (OR 0.93 per year increase in mare age, 95% CI 0.89, 0.98 P=0.01), a course of altrenogest pre-cover (administered to n=61/833 cycles OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26, 0.85 P=0.01), treatment with intrauterine hyperimmune plasma pre-cover (n=61/829 OR 0.39, 95% CI= 0.21, 0.75 P=0.005), and the use of sole -oxytocin therapy post-cover (n=183/829 OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40, 0.87 P=0.007) were all associated with reduced likelihood of a positive pregnancy diagnosis at days 14-16 post-cover. Although therapeutic agents could directly influence PRs, it is also likely that their use represents conditions such as acyclicity, subfertility and/or post-breeding endometritis, which may themselves affect PR. Controlled studies to further evaluate the efficacy of these treatments, particularly concerning the use of oxytocin and/or carbetocin, are therefore recommended. In conclusion, this study has provided up-to-date estimates of day 14-16 PRs in Thoroughbred broodmares in a UK setting and enhanced understanding of factors that may be associated with these rates. In addition, knowledge gaps around the rationale and efficacy of some therapeutic agents have been identified; these can help inform future research priorities.

Fresh Water availability and Its Global challenge

Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water.water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies.Climate change impact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge,but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature,precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations.Changing land use pattern due to increasing ,urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources,along with deterioration of water quality.Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious deforestation global warming etc.Human health is affected by change in biodiversity and ecosystem.Climate change will affect the quality of drinking water and impact of fresh water availability and impact on public health. About 70% of Earth’s surface is water of which 97.5% is salty water and 2.5% is fresh water. Less than 1% of this 2.5% amount of freshwater is accessible. As sea water rise’s , salt water of ocean in filtrate as coastal fresh water due heavy rainfall and flooding waste more fertilizer and municipal sewage mixed with costal fresh water and change alter into more oxygen dead zone. Weather extreme and climate variability is main driver of food production in recent global challenge. Recent global challenge food security, fresh water availability, increase incidence of extreme high sea level. Loss of agriculture reproduction and increase in food prices and changes in weather patterns and alter availability and quality of water in many part of world. Climate change is an on-going phenomenon. This will inevitably bring about numerous environmental problems, including alterations to the hydrological cycle, which is already heavily influenced by anthropogenic activity.Chemical fertlizer’s has been adversely affecting the flora, fauna as well as soil quality . more ever every year plant pathogen are causing loss of 10 to 20% of agricultural production worldwide. Ground water will be vital to alleviate some of the worst drought situations. flooding and contaiminated water supplies, more intense weather events are likely to increase to risk of infectious disease epidemics and erosion of low-lying and costal land. Climate Chang will affect the quality of drinking Water and impact of fresh water availlablity and impact on public health it’s better to use UV Water purifiers.This paper will explore what climate change. Water is prime natural resources fulfilling our needs in a precisious assets.we must acts to preserve and utilize every drop of water.water resources can be assessed on the basis of surface and subsurface water bodies.Climate change imapact on ground Water the impact of climate change on ground water has been studied much less than the impact on surface waters. Ground water reacts to climate change mainly due to change in ground water recharge,but also change in river level in response to increase in mean Temperature,precipitation ,variability and sea level as mean precipitations.Changing land use pattern due to increasing ,urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities are serious issues that causing increase ground water with drawal resulting in depletion of ground water resources and mining of ground water resources,along with deterioration of water quality.Rainfall is highly irregular and erratic and declining year to year due to change climatic conditions as result of serious global warming .Impacts of sea level rise on salinity intrusion global climate change has resulted in gradual sea level rise. sea level rise can cause saline water to migrate up stream in estuaries and rivers,thereby threating fresh water habitat and drinking- water supplies.Hydrology all the costal margin; fresh ground water flowing in land areas meets with saline ground water from the ocean. the fresh ground water flows from in land areas towards the coast where elevation and groundwater level are lower because salt water has higher content of dissolved salt and minerals. it denser the fresh water,causing it to have hydraulic head than freshwater. hydraulic head refers to the liquid pressure exerted by water column. the higher pressure density of salt water causes it to move into costal aquifiers in a a wedge shape under the freshwater. the salt water and fresh water meets in a transition zone where mixing occurs through dispersion and diffusion.

‘Fluid Dispossessions’: Contested Waters in Capitalist Natures

ABSTRACT This special issue on ‘“Fluid Dispossessions’: Contested Waters in Capitalist Natures” examines the multiple and mutable relationships between water, dispossession and property. We use ‘fluid dispossessions’ as an analytical prompt to examine the different ways in which water’s biophysical properties, its material fluidity and movements (and the more-than-human species that move with it), shape processes of capitalist extraction, accumulation and dispossession. Fluid dispossessions go beyond the power politics of controlling water as a resource to include indirect and more-than-economic forms of dispossession. By analysing emic understandings of dispossession, we draw on ‘fluid dispossessions’ to reject binary categorisations of liquid:solid in order to reveal the diversity of ways capitalist extractive activities may disrupt existing affective, ecological, or spiritual relations with water. This can cause more-than-economic forms of dispossession such as the loss of social reproduction, emotional distress, loss of health, the rupturing of multispecies relations and local care practices of waterscapes.

Life history and bionomics of Glycobius speciosus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Clytini).

Glycobius speciosus (Say) was studied in New York State to elucidate poorly known aspects of its biology. Head capsule size from excavated larvae coupled with gallery lengths measured at the time of excavation was used to characterize larval development. Partial life tables indicated nearly 20% of G. speciosus survive to adulthood. Larvae experienced 30% of their mortality during early development, 27% during mid-larval development, and 43% during late larval development. Predation by hairy woodpeckers, Dryobates villosus (Linnaeus) (Piciformes: Picidae), the only unambiguous source of mortality, accounted for 43% mortality in naturally infested trees located and followed 2004-2009, and 74% late instar mortality. One parasitoid, Dolichomitus irritator (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), was recovered from a single larva. Beetles emerged between 316 accumulated DD (base 10 °C) and 648 DD. Males emerged prior to, or simultaneously with, females and lived longer. Female fecundity averaged 41.3 ± 6 eggs. Larval eclosion occurred 7-10 days after oviposition. Non-functional ovipositors observed in 16% of females represented an appreciable reproductive loss. In 77% of infested trees 1 oviposition site was located and in 70% of oviposition sites examined only 1 or 2 larvae successfully eclosed, penetrated the bark to the phloem-xylem interface, and began feeding. Beetles preferred southern and eastern aspects for oviposition which occurred preferentially on the lower bole (<20 cm). Male beetles had longer and wider antennae than females, pronotal pits containing gland pores, and a straight to concave posterior margin of the terminal sternite compared to the more rounded margin of females.

Complications and outcomes of pregnancy in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies during various treatment methods

Introduction. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) exert multifaceted effects on the course of pregnancy by disrupting microcirculation, affecting the hemostasis, as well as damaging the endothelial membranes, leading to early reproductive loss and development of placenta-associated complications depending on the affected gestation stage. Planning and management of pregnancy in women in the absence of criteria for complete antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) currently remains unresolved issue. The absence of generally accepted treatment standards for this category of patients and inability to substantiate the diagnosis according to the APS classification criteria complicate selection of therapeutic tactics.Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of therapy-based complications and outcomes of pregnancy in APA carriers.Materials and Methods. During the period 2019–2021 a prospective study of 150 patients who entered pregnancy with aggravated obstetric and gynecological history, serum APA level was examined. Considering the risks of developing obstetric and thrombotic complications, all patients were prescribed prophylactic doses of low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The patients were divided into 3 groups using a random number generator. Group 1 (n = 50), in addition to the prescribed LMWH (enoxaparin sodium 40 mg 1 time per day) and ASA (150 mg 1 time per day), also underwent plasmapheresis (PF) 4 sessions per 1 course in 6–8, 12–14 and 22–24 weeks of pregnancy; group 2 (n = 50) received courses of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) at a course dose of 300 ml (15 g) simultaneously; group 3 (n = 50) received no additional therapies. Rate of pregnancy complications was comparatively assessed – development of fetal growth retardation (FGR), low birth weight fetus, gestational arterial hypertension (AH), moderate and severe preeclampsia (PE), anemia and delivery outcomes.Results. It was found that in group 3 there was a higher incidence of gestational hypertension (p2,3 &lt; 0.0001), moderate PE (p 1,3 =0.071; p 2,3 = 0.0019), low weight fetus for gestational age (p2,3 = 0.0002) and FGR (p2,3 = 0.003). In group 1, compared with group 2, there were more often observed small weight for gestational age fetus (p1,2 = 0.018) and FGR (p1,2 = 0.024), gestational hypertension (p1,2 = 0.0008), anemia (p1,2 &lt; 0.0001) and latent iron deficiency (p1,2 &lt; 0.0001). Also, groups 2 and 3 vs. group 1 were more likely to have intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (p1,2 = 0.013; p1,3 = 0.003).Conclusion. In the group of patients receiving complex therapy consisting of LMWHs prophylactic doses, low ASA doses and IVIG courses, the risks of developing placenta-associated complications and iron deficiency were reduced compared to other groups indicating about a higher efficiency of this therapy regimen. However, the development of intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy was less common in the group of patients receiving PF courses, in contrast to using IVIG courses, which can be accounted for by additional effect of efferent therapeutic methods and should be taken into account in a differentiated approach for management of patients with liver and gallbladder pathology.

An evaluation of the landscape structure and La Niña climatic anomalies associated with Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks reported in Australian piggeries in 2022

The widespread activity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) reported in previously unaffected regions of eastern and southern Australia in 2022 represents the most significant local arbovirus emergency in almost 50 years. Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and maintained in wild ardeid birds and amplified in pigs, the latter of which suffer significant reproductive losses as a result of infection. The landscape epidemiology of JEV in mainland Australia is almost entirely unknown, particularly in the eastern and southern parts of the country where the virus has not been previously documented. Although other areas with endemic JEV circulation in the Indo-Pacific region have demonstrated the importance of wild waterbird-livestock interface in agricultural-wetland mosaics, no such investigation has yet determined the composition and configuration of pathogenic landscapes for Australia. Moreover, the recent emergence in Australia has followed substantial precipitation and temperature anomalies associated with the La Niña phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. This study investigated the landscape epidemiology of JEV outbreaks in Australian piggeries reported between January and April of 2022 to determine the influence of ardeid habitat suitability, hydrogeography, hydrology, land cover and La Niña-associated climate anomalies. Outbreaks of JEV in domestic pigs were associated with intermediate ardeid species richness, cultivated land and grassland fragmentation, waterway proximity, temporary wetlands, and hydrological flow accumulation. This study has identified the composition and configuration of landscape features that were associated with piggery outbreaks reported in 2022 in Australia. Although preliminary, these findings can inform actionable strategies for the development of new One Health JEV surveillance specific to the needs of Australia.

Flesh & blood: reproductive loss as a site of theological imagination (or doing theology with blood in your knickers)

ABSTRACT The experience of reproductive loss has long been shrouded in silences. Theological silence has been one among many. In this article, I examine what it might mean to take the embodied experience of miscarriage as a site for theological reimagining. What does theology look like from this perspective? This question lends itself to the growing body of contextual theologies that recognise there is no neutral space from which to do theology and offers a rich and complex kind of theological discourse. Grounded in embodied experience, recognition of liminality, and rejection of individualism, this paper demonstrates that the miscarrying body offers profound insights into theological discourse and presents an opportunity for deep reflection on the kinds of theologies our bodies are capable of imagining. From out of this theological reimaging, I offer some examples of spiritual practice, prayers, and liturgies for use by and with those who have experienced reproductive loss.

Evolutionary consequences of loss of sexual reproduction on male-related traits in parthenogenetic lineages of the pea aphid.

Transition from sexual reproduction to parthenogenesis constitutes a major life-history change with deep evolutionary consequences for sex-related traits, which are expected to decay. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum shows intraspecific reproductive polymorphism, with cold-resistant cyclically parthenogenetic (CP) lineages that alternate sexual and asexual generations and cold-sensitive obligately parthenogenetic (OP) lineages that produce only asexual females but still males. Here, the genotyping of 219 pea aphid lineages collected in cold-winter and mild-winter regions revealed contrasting population structures. Samples from cold-winter regions consisted mostly of distinct multilocus genotypes (MLGs) usually represented by a single sample (101 different MLGs for 111 samples) and were all phenotyped as CP. In contrast, fewer MLGs were found in mild-winter regions (28 MLGs for 108 samples), all but one being OP. Since the males produced by OP lineages are unlikely to pass on their genes (sexual females being rare in mild-winter regions), we tested the hypothesis that their traits could degenerate due to lack of selection by comparing male production and male reproductive success between OP and CP lineages. Male production was indeed reduced in OP lineages, but a less clear pattern was observed for male reproductive success: females mated with OP males laid fewer eggs (fertilized or not) but OP and CP males fertilized the same proportion of eggs. These differences may stem from the type of selective forces: male production may be counter-selected whereas male performances may evolve under the slower process of relaxed selection. The overall effective reproductive capacity of OP males could result from recent sex loss in OP lineages or underestimated reproductive opportunities.

121 Reproductive losses in beef cattle reared on an extensive system of production: effects of genotype and parity

121 Reproductive losses in beef cattle reared on an extensive system of production: effects of genotype and parity

Chronic endometritis: A protracted discussion

Introduction Chronic endometritis is one of the most important factors leading to reduced fertility in women. The protracted discussion about the presence of this nosology in clinical practice for more than 100 years does not allow to establish the true frequency of chronic endometritis in women of reproductive age. At the present stage, due to the unfavorable demographic situation both in the Russian Federation and in many countries, the study of chronic endometritis, as one of the main determinants of the lesions of the morphological and functional state of the endometrium, is relevant.The purpose of the study is to determine the current state of the problem of verification of chronic endometritis in women with infertility, reproductive losses and repeated failure of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).Materials and methods The sources of information were publications from the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, elibrary.ru and Russian medical journals in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, as well as pathological anatomy in the period from 2013 to 2022.Results and discussion An analysis of the literature showed that chronic endometritis is the cause of infertility, miscarriage and ineffective ART protocols and leads to decrease of the regenerative potential and endometrial reserve. Despite the evidence of the negative impact of chronic endometritis on the reproductive function, at the present stage, the discussion regarding diagnostic approaches to this nosology continues. The use of the histological method of research, as the main and available method for diagnosing the state of the endometrium, is not always allow to verify chronic endometritis, which dictates the need of using high technological methods to confirm and clarify the severity of the pathological process.Conclusion A unified algorithm for diagnosing chronic endometritis in patients with infertility, miscarriage, ineffective ART cycles and a qualified approach to the morphological diagnosis of the state of the endometrium, standardization of the diagnosis of chronic endometritis, and competent interpretation of immunohistochemical data make it possible to select a pathogenetically substantiated therapy aimed at the rehabilitation of reproductive function.

Ключові механізми, що лежать в основі невиношування вагітності (огляд літератури)

Pregnancy is a special natural state of a woman’s body, in which important and extremely complex physiological processes take place, which play a great role in the existence and restoration of the population. Miscarriage, or involuntary termination of pregnancy, is one of the most important problems in the field of health care both in Ukraine and throughout the world as a whole. Modern obstetric strategy aimed at reducing perinatal morbidity, mortality of women and disability of children, however, numerous studies and data from leading clinics indicate the absence of a tendency to reduce reproductive losses. Purpose - to analyze and summarize the literature on the key mechanisms underlying miscarriage; to discuss new concepts in this area. Used analytical and bibliosemantic methods, review and analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature. Given the high trend of «ageing motherhood», contradictory data on the cause and effect relationship among many known causes of miscarriage, the lack of consensus among experts on methods of diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of pregnant women with habitual miscarriage, as well as negative lifestyle factors, the introduction of new algorithms for diagnostic and preventive measures for women remains relevant. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.