Reproduction Of Soil Fertility Research Articles

Scientific achievements in Siberian agriculture and their development

A historical review of the formation and development of scientific farming in Siberia is given. The main achievements of the leading research institutes of the region are highlighted. The contribution of Siberian scientists to the development of scientific farming, including its constituent directions, is shown. It presents almost 100 years of development of research on agriculture - from the Omsk experimental farm (XIX century), agricultural experimental stations - to modern federal scientific centers. The evolution of farming from individual crop cultivation techniques to the formation of zonal and then adaptive-landscape farming systems and modern agro-technologies is demonstrated. Examples of completed scientific developments on farming, ready for implementation in production, the number of which runs into thousands, are given. Implementation of knowledge-intensive agro-technologies guarantees grain production in Siberia up to 25-30 million tons, sustainable development of farming, stable food supply and high return on non-renewable resources. The evolution of plant protection from individual methods against the most dangerous pests to the formation of integrated systems that take into account the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses and agro-ecological conditions of agricultural crops cultivation is shown. The most important techniques to optimize the relationship between the crop and pests are the selection of plant species and varieties resistant to their effects, optimization of mineral nutrition of plants and sowing dates. At present, the development of scientific farming is associated with the design of adaptive-landscape farming systems, selection and support of agro-technologies, rational use of land resources, improvement of approaches to the conservation and reproduction of soil fertility, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and integrated plant protection, formation of adaptive crop rotations, research of technological and biological processes in the cultivation of crops, use of GIS-technologies, remote sensing, and the use of remote sensing.

Technology and technical means for the implementation of reproduction methods for soil fertility

Soil fertility is determined by the presence of humus as the main part of organic matter. The extended reproduction of soil fertility is ensured by the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers, the cultivation of sidereal crops and the decomposition of plant residues. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing the technologies and means of mechanization for extended reproduction of fertility. (Materials and methods) For the joint application of liquid organic fertilizers and the cultivation of siderates, a unit has been developed that implements a hose technology for transporting liquid organic fertilizers. Fertilizers are fed through pressure hose lines to the working parts deep into the soil layer. The combined unit consists of a tractor K-744 Kirovets and an adapter for deep tillage with liquid fertilizers, as well as a seeder for small-seeded crops. To level the surface of the field after the passage of the unit and the sealing of the sown seeds of the sideral culture, the unit is equipped with a tooth roller. (Results and discussion) Formulas for determining the critical processing depth are given, the power calculation of the unit is performed. The design of the tillage tool allows to install flat-cutting working parts with a grip of 0.80 meters and slits with a grip of 0.45 meters. Tests of the combined unit were carried out. The depth of tillage was 36±1 centimeters, the seeding rate of the sideral crop (oilseed radish) was 25 kilograms per hectare, the operating speed range of the unit was from 0.4 to 0.8 meters per second. (Conclusions) The uniformity of the subsurface distribution of organic fertilizers was 90-95 percent. The specific energy intensity of the technological process of the combined unit based on the K-744 tractor for intra-soil fertilization is 40-65 kilowatt hours per hectare (excluding the capacity for pumping fertilizers). Energy consumption depends on the depth of cultivation and resistivity of the soil. The proposed method allows preventing water and wind erosion of the soil, improving its agronomically valuable properties. Reducing the pesticide load on the soil and its microflora contributes to the transition to a model of sustainable agroecosystems, improving and improving crop quality. The proposed technology provides extended reproduction of soil fertility.

Изучение закономерностей передвижения, накопления влаги и химических веществ в агроэкосистемах по результатам лизиметрических исследований ФНЦ «ВИК им. В.Р. Вильямса»

Lysimetric studies were carried out at the lysimetric station of the Institute in different years in the agroecosystem "surface layer of air — plant — soil — infiltration runoff". These studies are highly appreciated in our country and in the world. They attract the attention of domestic and foreign researchers. With the help of lysimetric studies, it is possible to monitor the condition and development of plants, the dynamics of soil condition, the rate of deterioration of soil fertility, to anticipate and prevent possible waterlogging of irrigated lands in the shortest possible time. Lysimetric studies make it possible to determine the quality of irrigation water, establish the optimal irrigation period and rate, taking into account plant biology and hydrology of the site. Irrigation norms justified by lysimeters increase the efficiency of fertilizers, while maximally involving in the cycle the contained nutrients not only of the applied fertilizers, but also of the soil. Mobilization of plants' assimilation of basic nutrients (N, P, K, Ca) also allows to reduce losses due to leaching. The results obtained allow us to calculate the balance of nutrients in the soil and choose the best crops and fertilizer systems that ensure optimal productivity of agricultural land and reproduction of soil fertility.

Technological methods for increasing the yield and fertility reproduction when growing zucchini on sod-podzolic light loamy soil in natural and climatic conditions of Republic of Belarus

Relevance. To improve the quality of life and expand the taste preferences of the population of Belarus, it is necessary to expand the range of vegetable crops with high yields, marketability and product quality, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the republic. In this regard, improving technological methods for cultivating such a crop as zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is of scientific and practical importance. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out on the territory of a private farm in the village of Chukhny, Smorgon district. Field and laboratory studies were carried out using generally accepted methods and guidelines. Results. Substantiated the feasibility of cultivating green manure crops in combination with the local application of thermoammonia-disinfected compost when growing zucchini in seedlings on sod-podzolic light loamy soils in the natural climatic conditions of Belarus. The developed technological methods ensure the reproduction of soil fertility, increased yield, and production of high quality products without the use of mineral fertilizers. When using green manure and disinfected compost, the nitrate content in zucchini cv. Bonus, grown without mineral fertilizers, was in the range of 280-320 mg/kg. To reproduce the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy soils when growing zucchini in the natural climatic conditions of Belarus, it is advisable to use oats, oilseed radish and peas as green manure fertilizers. This technological technique increases the content of organic matter in the soil by 0.8-1.3 %. Together with green manure, adding thermo-ammonia-disinfected compost into a hole when planting zucchini seedlings ensures an increase in organic matter content by 1.2-1.5 % in the compost localization zone. During the decomposition of organic matter of green manure crops and disinfected compost applied locally, nutrients are released in quantities sufficient to form a high yield of zucchini with a nitrate content below the maximum permissible concentration. Thus, when grown on soddy-podzolic light loamy soils in the natural climatic conditions of Belarus, the proposed technological methods make it possible to obtain high-quality products and significantly increase the yield of zucchini due to green manure in combination with the local application of disinfected compost without the use of mineral fertilizers.

Environmental protection in the farming system

The urgency of the problem of environmental protection in the modern agricultural system emphasizes the urgency of not only ensuring food security, but also sustainable impacts on ecosystems. This article examines a set of measures in the field of agriculture aimed at preventing soil degradation and pollution, rational use of natural resources and restoration of natural resources. Particular attention is paid to topics such as protection of the humus status of soils, anti-erosion measures, a scientifically based soil cultivation system, a rational system of fertilizer application, integrated plant protection from pests and diseases, as well as water conservation measures and land reclamation. Crop rotation, as a fundamental element of modern agrolandscape farming systems, deserves special attention in the context of environmental protection. This article provides the scientific rationale for the role of crop rotation in promoting ecosystem resilience and preventing the negative environmental impacts of agricultural activities. The principles and advantages of crop rotations aimed at maintaining biological diversity, preserving the humus status of soils, and preventing erosion are considered. The article also highlights the impact of crop rotation on the energy balance, efficient use of resources, and reproduction of soil fertility. The importance of crop rotation is emphasized as a key factor in balanced and environmentally oriented agriculture, contributing to the creation of sustainable agroecosystems and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.

Study on the influence of fertilizers on the yield and quality of barley and potatoes

Improved plant nutrition when applying organic and mineral fertilizers occurs due to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from fertilizers and soil. A significant part of them is fixed by soil. Depending on the amount of fertilizer applied and the mobility of soil nutrients, different conditions for the formation of the crop and its quality are created. Reproduction of soil fertility and increase in crop yields can only be achieved on the basis of the scientifically based use of fertilizers and other chemicals in crop rotations. Currently, the rational use of fertilizers, both organic and mineral, to increase productivity, quality of crops and improve soil fertility is of particular importance. Studying the effectiveness of various fertilizer systems in crop rotations and biologization of agriculture are currently becoming particularly important. Hence, this study highlights the comprehensive information on the influence of various fertilizer on the yield and quality of barley and potatoes.

The current state and directions of fertility provision for agricultural lands based on biologically active substances

The paper examines the current state of the land fund, farmlands and agricultural lands in the context of federal districts and individual subjects of the Russian Federation to ensure the increase in production of products obtained by traditional agricultural technologies and organic farming. Qualitative indicators of farmlands and agricultural lands, including indicators of unfavorability, are analyzed. Separately, the problems of fertility regulation (maintenance of humus-forming processes) of farmlands are considered in the conditions of their intensive use on the basis of modern methods of soil fertility reproduction - the introduction of balanced complex fertilizers, reclamation, the use of energy-saving agricultural technologies of tillage, rotation of crop rotations, the introduction of special biologically active substances into the soil, the cultivation of siderates, etc.

SYSTEM OF AGROTECHNICAL ANTI-EROSION MEASURES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MOUNTAIN AREA OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS

The results of research on the development of elements of ecologically safe directions for the creation of a model of soil protection systems of agriculture, based on the specific naturalclimatic and economic-economic conditions of the mountain zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians, which would provide an opportunity to ensure the necessary level of soil protection from water erosion, are presented. justified use of land resources, the expected level of their productivity and ecological balance in the region. namely, the technology of anti-erosion protection of sloping agricultural landscapes in the system of phytoremedial measures of the Carpathian mountain zone, which will ensure the preservation and reproduction of soil fertility, the structure of natural resources, their protection from erosive degradation in the context of climate change, risks of increased water erosion. Key words: reproduction of soil fertility, fertilizers, soil bacteria, ecologically safe land use, adaptive landscape farming system, land resources, rural areas, water erosion

MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF THE VEGETABLE INDUSTRY ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION OF THE INDEX OF THE USE AND REPRODUCTION OF SOIL FERTILITY

The article presents the results of the search for the optimal balance between the profitability of agriculture and the preservation of natural resources. An attempt is presented to balance the productivity of natural resources and the preservation of the natural environment, which ensures the high efficiency of resource use without reducing soil fertility and environmental degradation. However, when using intensive, knowledge-based, high-tech farming methods, it is important to ensure optimal use of soil fertility to achieve economic efficiency and production stability in the long term. Preservation of soil fertility is an important area of ensuring sustainable development of agriculture and environmental protection. The need to solve the economic and ecological problems of rational use, protection, preservation and reproduction of soil fertility is determined, because in the context of the post-industrial stage of the development of the society, attention to the preservation of natural resources and sustainable development becomes necessary to ensure economic prosperity and long-term environmental sustainability. The ecological criterion in the assessment of the market for vegetable products becomes a key indicator, as it reflects the degree of consideration of environmental aspects and the sustainability of ecosystems. Taking into account the methods of using soil fertility and its restoration determines how much agriculture conserves natural resources. A forecast model of reproduction of soil fertility in vegetable production of Ukraine under different scenarios for the period until 2030 is proposed, reflecting different approaches to managing soil fertility and ecological efficiency of agricultural activity. The choice of the optimal scenario depends on many factors (economic possibilities, ecological views and social requirements) and can contribute to the sustainable use of soil fertility and the maintenance of ecosystems. A study was conducted to assess the intensity of losses and restoration of soil fertility in the activities of modern enterprises of the Vinnitsa region, which were specialized in vegetable growing. The necessity of observing soil-saving technologies at the expense of external regulatory impulses, which in the economic and sanction direction will force to change the behavior of the agents of the market of vegetable products in Ukraine in the direction of greening, has been established.

New direction in organic fertilizer production

Our analysis of existing methods of production of organic fertilizers does not allow us to effectively solve the problem of reproduction of soil fertility. Computer simulation of the mixing process in the burts by various aggregates showed the extreme unevenness of the distribution of particles of the resulting compost. The assimilation of organic matter in the soil is less than 2%. The recently widespread method of composting in rotating drums leads to the release of ammonia, which indicates the ongoing process of ammonification, which means that the decomposition of organic matter under the influence of putrefactive, moldy and other microorganisms. The resulting compost causes some damage to the soil and crop. A new direction in the production of organic fertilizers is proposed, based on the cultivation of soil microorganisms in special rooms of the microbiological community. These microorganisms, in turn, produce enzymes that significantly accelerate the biochemical processes in the formation of soil humus.

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE AS AN ELEMENT OF SOIL PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION

The materials of the article are based on the study of the positive impact of organic farming on the reproduction and preservation of soils. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of understanding the organic principles of land use in agricultural production, taking into account retrospective analysis, monographic method, methods of synthesis and analysis. The essence of the system of organic farming from the point of view of ensuring balanced land use is revealed. It is shown the dynamics of land distribution by areas in Ukraine for 2018-2022, characterizing by an extremely high rate of agricultural development, which significantly exceeds the ecologically justified limits, as well as the distribution of soil areas of Ukraine by humus content. Organic fertilizers, plant residues, by-products, green manure, etc. remain the most important resource for soil humus reproduction, the application of which has a positive effect on the agrochemical, physical and water-air properties of soils. The structure of mineral and organic fertilizers application in 1994-2022 is given. The main problems of agricultural land use are highlighted. Under modern conditions of agricultural production and existing land use systems, it is impossible to achieve even a simple reproduction of soil fertility without a significant improvement of mechanisms for controlling their use by the state, as well as the introduction of more effective, mostly economic, mechanisms to support soil protection measures. International experience shows that new information technologies, in addition to traditional research methods, will provide effective control of land use and soil protection at different spatial levels, from the state to a specific field. The mechanism of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in the system of organic farming is proposed for use by agricultural commodity producers. It includes a set of measures aimed at restoring stocks of organic substances and improving agro physical properties of soil. The state support in solving problematic issues is also important.It is recommended to supplement the developed mechanism with such components as legal, scientific and technical, economic, financial, scientific and educational supports.

Efficiency of satellite data in the agro-ecological monitoring system

The article discusses the ecological value of the normalized vegetation index (NDVI). Generalization of scientific data on the possibility of use in forestry, agriculture, ecological research, modeling of ecosystems and monitoring of the earth’s surface has been carried out. It was found that, unlike the surveyor, the operational/satellite monitoring of crops makes it possible to automatically generate reports, control the condition of crops, forecast yields and plan agricultural operations taking into account the real ecological state and weather conditions. In particular, you can create electronic vegetation maps; develop images and field relief for a specific region. It has been established that the use of data from remote sensing of the Earth (RSE) ensures the determination of the objective state of crops (density, quantitative and qualitative changes in crops, obtaining information on chemical treatments) on large areas. The factors that influence the calculation of NDVI are given, and the necessity of using an approach focused on climatic conditions is indicated. It was found that the transformation of multispectral NDVI data into one image layer allows estimating the amount of available vegetation and the development of crops on a field scale. Regular field NDVI mapping helps identify and mitigate any crop problems, increase yields, and make agribusiness more profitable. NDVI has become one of the most important and frequently used indicators in precision agriculture, so it deserves further practical research. This is a numerical indicator of the quality and quantity of plants in the field. It is emphasized that NDVI has become one of the most important and frequently used indicators in precision agriculture. Therefore, deserves further practical investigation. Ecosystem service is a means of identifying threats to ecosystems in order to develop socially acceptable and effective solutions to environmental problems. The ecosystem approach allows predicting changes, which is extremely important for spatial planning and land use management. This approach is especially important when assessing and resolving conflict situations in nature management, when the economic benefit from the use of one or another natural resource becomes a strong argument. From the point of view of human benefit, operational monitoring becomes an ecosystem service. The use of spectral indices contributes to the production of high-quality «environmentally friendly» products, the preservation of environmental components, the reproduction of soil fertility, obtaining the maximum profit, along with the transition from a linear economy to a circular one (economic effect), saving resources, optimizing and diversifying agricultural production.

Directions and reproduction soil fertility technologies in the post-war period in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the military action's negative consequences on the soil fertility state in Ukraine and directions for their reproduction. The topic actuality is that a third of the arable agricultural lands were affected by military actions, which, taking into account the agrarian direction of production in the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, threatens a significant decrease in the agricultural products' cultivation. The article aims to substantiate the effectiveness of technologies applied to overcome the affect of military activities on soil fertility reproduction in Ukraine. The study reveals the war negative consequences on the soil structure and properties and argues that it will take hundreds of years to reproduce naturally. The main types of warfare-induced disturbances to soil are defined and described: the soil structure modification (bombs craters, sealing, etc.) and chemical disturbances (pollutants input). Taking into account the existing experience of overcoming the military actions consequences in the agricultural soil reproduction, a certain procedure for reproducing the soil fertility with different degrees and causes of damage is proposed. The options for soil reproduction with a natural integrity of genetic horizons violation and methods of removing contamination with heavy metals (mechanical, physico-chemical, and biological) are considered. For the practical implementation of the proposed measures, an approximate costs' calculation of the soil fertility reproducing from the military actions consequences in Ukraine was made. It has been determined that for the reproduction of soil properties and their suitability for use in agricultural production, the greatest expenses (excluding humanitarian demining) are spent on mechanical melioration (81.8 %). However, the expenses amount depends on the number of shell explosion craters and their caliber, and the methods of reproduction the soil agrochemical properties. The peculiarities of legal regulation in soil conservation and the fertility protection, in determination of damage caused to lands and soils of Ukraine as a result of armed aggression against the country are indicated. The performed calculations will become key evidence in terms of damage amount compensation in lawsuits against the aggressor country. Key words: toxic elements, bombturbation, demining, basalt tuff, bioremediation, phytoremediation.

Pros and cons of no-till technology

The article presents the history of the development and implementation of No-till technology abroad and in Ukraine, indicating the countries and years where and when this technology was developed and implemented. It is indicated that a great contribution to the development of the theoretical foundations of minimization of soil cultivation due to No-till technology was made by the scientists of the USA, who, according to most indicators, highly rated this technology. Among its shortcomings, they attributed the deterioration of the ecological situation due to weeds, diseases and pests and the need to apply higher doses of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides. Scientists of the National Research Center "Institute of Agriculture" of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences add to this list a delay of three to four days with the spring ripening of the soil due to the presence of plant remains in the form of mulch on its surface and the spread of mouse-like rodents. This limitation of the disadvantages of No-till technology makes it quite successful in terms of spread in agricultural production, because annually its area in the world grows by more than 1 million hectares. Its largest areas are in the USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada, Australia and Paraguay, and in Brazil, no-till technology is included in the ranks of government programs with appropriate crediting. In Europe as a whole, the share of land with No-till technology in the structure of sown areas does not exceed 3 %. The optimal conditions for No-till technology in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Ukraine are on an area of 5.25 million hectares, but its development is currently far from 1 million hectares. The problem of the prevalence of no-till technology in domestic production is seen by the majority of scientists as excessive weediness of the crops grown for it, although in our opinion this phenomenon is possible only in the early stages of the development of the technology without tillage. No-till technology has its future, because only it, among many other technologies, can guarantee an extended reproduction of soil fertility. Key words: No-till technology, weediness of sowing, soil fertility.

From the history of scientific research on soil fertility reproduction

Лаборатория разработки сортовых технологий зернобобовых культур в Немчиновке является правопреемником лаборатории плодородия и мелиорации почв, созданной в 1971 г. по инициативе доктора сельскохозяйственных наук, профессора С. С. Сдобникова. В степных районах Казахстана и Западной Сибири, где он в предшествующие годы изучал динамику плодородия на вновь распаханных целинных землях, результатами исследований была подтверждена интенсивная послойная дифференциация плодородия пахотного слоя почвы при переходе на обработку ее безотвальными орудиями. Статья о жизни и научной деятельности проф. С. С. Сдобникова подготовлена на основе изучения биографических данных и сведений, полученных по совместной работе в период с 1988 по 2005 г.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ АГРОФИЗИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ЧЕРНОЗЁМА ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИИ

In a multifactorial stationary experiment on the development of scientific foundations for extended repro-duction of soil fertility, studies were conducted on changes in soil density, structural coefficient and water consumption by sugar beet plants depending on the method of tillage and various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers. Research materials have proved the positive role of semi-ripened cattle manure both when used independently and in conjunction with mineral fertilizers in the decompression of the arable soil horizon. In this case, the soil density did not exceed 1.15 g/cm3. When organic fertilizers are intro-duced into the technology of sugar beet cultivation, the soil structure also improves. The value of the structure coefficient. The best option from the point of view of moisture conservation is the joint applica-tion of organic and mineral fertilizers. In this case, even with a significantly increased productivity of sug-ar beet, the total water consumption remained at the level of the control non-maneuverable variant. The organo-mineral system of sugar beet fertilization showed the most rational use of moisture for the for-mation of the crop, showing the values of the water consumption coefficient of 67-79 m3/t. In this case, the recorded values are at the level of a purely mineral fertilizer system with a decrease in the analyzed value by 7-14 m3/t, depending on the factors studied.

PRODUCTIVITY OF MELILOT (MELILOTUS OFFICINALIS (L.)) IN THE CONDITIONS OF RICE CROP ROTATION UNDER THE KYZYLORDA REGION

In the unfavorable environmental conditions of the Kyzylorda region, associated primarily with water scarcity, salinization and soil degradation, measures are needed for the cultivation of agricultural land and reproduction of soil fertility, associated with phyto-reclamation, the complex use of organic and mineral fertilizers, cultivation and introduction of salt-resistant crops, in particular legumes of perennial grasses, which, undoubtedly, it will become the basis for optimal functioning of agroecosystems, stable development of crop production diversification in order to obtain high-quality agricultural products. Melilotus, being an excellent pasture legume plant for restoring vegetation cover of saline soils, will make it possible to obtain high yields of off-season pasture production in territories that are currently unproductive.The article presents the results of studies to determine the effect of organomineral fertilizers on the yield and productivity elements of the clover. It was found that of the various studied norms of organomineral fertilizers, applying phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of P60 is the most effective, providing a stable and reliable increase in crop productivity by 53.5%. And the introduction of organomineral fertilizer "manure 15 t / ha + P60", where the highest yield of hay was 87.7 c / ha, the authors consider it ineffective, since the yield difference between them (2.2 c / ha) is insignificant, which is lower than the value of LSD05 = 4.7 c / ha. Variants of phosphorus fertilizers and a combination of manure of 15 t/ha with P60 had a significant impact on the quality and nutritional value of the melilot feed, where the protein content in the 1st year of the melilot life increased to 280.2 and 302.4 kg/ha, and in the 2nd year of life to 591.9 and 608.4 kg/ha.

Reproduction of soil fertility in adaptive landscape farming systems of the foothill zone of the RNO-Alania

Modern intensification of agriculture has significantly speeded up the processes of land destruction and loss of its fertility. This has led to the deterioration in the agroecological situation, boost in the potential fertility of land, and a significant decrease in yields and quality of agricultural products. The purpose of our research was the rational use of land, while compacting the link of the grain crop rotation. The studies were carried out in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, on leached chernozems, in the subzone of sufficient moisture. In the experiments, oats were sown in pure form, mixed with peas, as well as a variant of a pea-oat-sunflower mixture, with harvesting terms for green fodder, grain haylage and grain. Today pea-oat-sunflower mixture, unlike corn for silage, is a resource-saving, low-cost and multicomponent mixture. After harvesting these crops, the crop rotation is compacted by buckwheat crops for grain. With such a sparing use of land resources, the high self-cleaning ability of these mixtures and buckwheat reduces the cost and increases the productivity of arable land. An increase in soil fertility is achieved by introducing green manure crops (winter and spring rapeseed, oilseed radish, white mustard, winter rye, etc.), which, when plowing, improve the soil structure (structural coefficient up to 3), boost the humus content in the soil by 0.02 – 0.05%, neutralize the acidity of the soil environment (up to pH = 5.5 – 6,7), clean the soil from excess nitrates, heavy metals, pesticide residues, etc., and enhance the yield by 15-20%.

Upgraded rotary harrow for vineyards

To improve the quality of surface loosening, it is necessary to search for new approaches to soil maintenance and solving problems related to the reproduction of soil fertility, maintaining production volumes. In this connection, in order to increase operational reliability, simplify the design and clean the teeth from weed stalks in the basic technical tool, which includes a frame in the form of a beam equipped with a suspension system with mounted teeth. The teeth are made of a rectangular strip section, with a bend, with an oval surface on the side opposite to the direction of the bend and a formed arrow-shaped tip. They are placed on batteries of rigidly fixed disks. The teeth have reinforcing annular plates, which are located on the free length of the teeth, and their width is made at least equal to the width of the teeth. The cam element is made in the form of a cylindrical ring equipped with a rounded recess. The use of a modernized rotary harrow in the inter-row spacing of vine-yards will increase the operational reliability and quality of surface loosening, as well as simplify the design and clean the teeth from weed stalks.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY IN THE USE OF LAND RESOURCES BY AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

The subject of the study is the economic efficiency of the use of land resources by agricultural enterprises. Methodology. The research was conducted using general scientific methods, in particular: theoretical generalization, methods of positive and normative analysis, statistical analysis. The goal is to analyze the dynamics of economic efficiency of land use by agricultural enterprises. Research conclusion. The economic efficiency of reproduction processes is the ratio of the amount of newly created value to the amount of capital, the cost of all resources and some of their main types. The peculiarity of the reproduction of land resources is that they are combined with the stage of production of agricultural products, when the reproduction of soil fertility is carried out in a single technological process of growing crops. Analysis of the efficiency of use of land resources by agricultural enterprises in Ukraine, which has significant areas of land suitable for agricultural production. It should be noted that agricultural land should be used more efficiently than in other countries. The activity of agricultural enterprises in general and their use of land resources can be characterized as extensive – a large number of resources are involved, and the return from each resource unit is low. In addition, the fact that landowners are not in a hurry to sell their agricultural land, realizing that in a few years a completely different offer price will be formed, as agricultural companies will enter the game and the demand for agricultural land will be much higher. It is necessary to mention that there are some difficulties in the research process, because today it is impossible to reflect the total volume of the Ukrainian agricultural land market in monetary terms, since the transaction price is declared in only 55% of the concluded transactions. In 2022, the average price of buying and selling agricultural land in Ukraine will be 38,560 UAH/ha. This is 28% higher than the average normative monetary value of arable land in Ukraine, which is UAH 27,520/ha.