Abstract
Lysimetric studies were carried out at the lysimetric station of the Institute in different years in the agroecosystem "surface layer of air — plant — soil — infiltration runoff". These studies are highly appreciated in our country and in the world. They attract the attention of domestic and foreign researchers. With the help of lysimetric studies, it is possible to monitor the condition and development of plants, the dynamics of soil condition, the rate of deterioration of soil fertility, to anticipate and prevent possible waterlogging of irrigated lands in the shortest possible time. Lysimetric studies make it possible to determine the quality of irrigation water, establish the optimal irrigation period and rate, taking into account plant biology and hydrology of the site. Irrigation norms justified by lysimeters increase the efficiency of fertilizers, while maximally involving in the cycle the contained nutrients not only of the applied fertilizers, but also of the soil. Mobilization of plants' assimilation of basic nutrients (N, P, K, Ca) also allows to reduce losses due to leaching. The results obtained allow us to calculate the balance of nutrients in the soil and choose the best crops and fertilizer systems that ensure optimal productivity of agricultural land and reproduction of soil fertility.
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