Cultural Reproduction Research Articles

Differential effects of knapping skill acquisition on the cultural reproduction of Late Acheulean handaxe morphology: Archaeological and experimental insights

Despite the extensive literature focusing on Acheulean handaxes, especially the sources and meaning of their morphological variability, many aspects of this topic remain elusive. Archaeologists cite several factors that contribute to handaxe morphological variability, including knapping skill and mental templates. Integrating these two lines of literature into a broader theoretical framework of cultural reproduction, here we present new results from a multidisciplinary study of Late Acheulean handaxe-making skill acquisition involving thirty naïve participants trained for up to 90 h in Late Acheulean style handaxe production and three expert knappers. We compare the experimental handaxe shapes to the Late Acheulean handaxe assemblage from Boxgrove, UK. Through the principal component analysis of morphometric data derived from images, our study suggested that knapping skill acquisition has a differential effect on the cultural reproduction of different aspects of handaxe morphology. More specifically, compared with elongation and pointedness (PC2), cross-sectional thinning (PC1) is more constrained by knapping skill. Our findings thus shed new light on how skill learning can bias the cultural reproduction of artifact morphology.

Shadow Education And Social Class Inequalities In Secondary Education In Greece: The Case Of Teaching English As A Foreign Language

This article deals with the shadow education system of private tutoring which contributes to the reproduction of social class inequalities, focusing on the Greek public secondary education system. It presents a literature review of the issue and the findings of an empirical qualitative and quantitative research that aimed at examining the causes of the students’ massive resort to private supplementary tutoring for learning the English language, despite the fact that English is taught at school. The study also set out to examine the relationship between students’ socioeconomic background and resort to private supplementary tutoring and the relationship between socioeconomic background and knowledge of the English language as attested by official certifications. Research findings indicate that the widely spread resort to private supplementary tutoring has a negative impact on the teaching of English in Greek public lower secondary education. Using Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory, we argue that private supplementary tutoring makes closer the relationship between social class, familial cultural and economic capital and educational outcomes. Thus, upper and middle-class students are at an advantage, since they can move to the labour market with valued educational qualifications that enhance their occupational prospects. Finally, we discuss educational measures to address the problem.

The Main Directions of the Russian Federation State Policy in the Field of Intellectual Property

Introduction . The growth of social engagement in innovation activity reflects the global trend for developing cooperation in the field of commercialisation of the Intellectual Activity Results (hereinafter — IAR) and their throughout dissemination. The balanced regulation of the intellectual products protection and dissemination implies the interference from behalf of the state, including establishment of the system of governing bodies managing the national innovation- driven economy. The purpose of this study is to identify the main directions of the state policy ensuring the Russian economy competitiveness and growth of the gross domestic product, national security, technological sovereignty in the areas important for the state and society. Materials and Methods . The object of the study is the Russian Federation state policy in the field of intellectual property. In the research the methods of sociological case-study, analysis, synthesis and modeling, as well as statistical, system- structural, logical, historical methods have been used. Results . The author highlights and characterises five main directions of the Russian Federation state policy in the field of intellectual property. In the article the conclusions are made about the mission of the state to stimulate social engagement by removing the excessive legislative barriers and simplifying the administrative procedures for IAR registration and licensing, by opening access to the intellectual products that are not in commercial demand or do not have a copyright holder, by creating the national information and communication platform of digital content. Only the state, being the main source of law in the 21st century, can provide the balanced approach to the harmonious coexistence and interaction of the material and digital economic environment. Discussion and Conclusions . Any disbalance in favour of either public interest in open access knowledge and information or prioritised protection of the creative subjects aggravates the conflict of interests, creates the condition of the legislative system uncertainty and obstructs the formation of beneficial conditions for reproduction of culture and technological progress. At the same time, the creative subjects are defined as subjects creating the new knowledge and technologies that represent the public interest to the intellectual property turnover as the most commercially valuable information. As follows from the above, the principle of reasonable balance between the legitimate interests and fair use of IAR by copyright holders, users and consumers, expressed in the adequate legal form, should be recognised as the fundamental principle of the state policy in the field of intellectual property.

Understanding Social Justice and Equity in Chinese Exam-oriented Education- Comparing Bourdieu's Theory of Cultural Reproduction and Nussbaum's Theory of the Competence Approach

Test-based education in China is often seen as an educational system that focuses on test scores, memorization and problem-solving, with the main aim of improving students' adaptive skills. However, there are problems with this model that inhibit students' autonomy and creativity. This paper will therefore compare Bourdieu's theory of cultural capital and social reproduction with Nussbaum's theory of a competency-based approach to understanding social justice and equity in Chinese exam-based education. Bourdieu's theory of cultural reproduction objectively examines the development of students in test-based education at the level of "capital", where each student's academic performance is determined by multiple capitals. Nussbaum's competency approach theory explains the problems with this model in terms of freedom and choice, and that it is up to the student to decide what functions are valuable. The competency approach theory has been found to provide a more comprehensive and human-centered explanation of teaching to the test. There are therefore various drawbacks to teaching to the test, so how to overcome or mitigate these drawbacks is something that needs to be taken seriously in education today.

Broken Compass: A Screenplay Exploring Economic Inequality in Indonesia’s Education System

Good quality education should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their economic status. Unfortunately, often better education in Indonesia comes with a heavy price tag that eliminates working class people from accessing it. This thesis attempts to find out why the working class people are economically discriminated and how they face the discrimination. Using screenplay and young adult dystopian genre, this thesis tries to show the side effects of said economic inequality if taken to the extreme. With Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of school as cultural reproduction, the working class students, including the protagonist Thalia, are discriminated against because they are seen as threats to their resources. To reciprocate, Thalia challenges the system, which sparks a rebellion inside the school. The worldbuilding aspect of the genre is based on Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of social space, capitals, and agency. Thalia from the working class utilizes her agency to face the discrimination.

A case study of alcohol use among male university rugby players

ABSTRACT In the UK, research has established that student athletes consume greater quantities of alcohol than their non-athlete peers. The published literature suggests the drinking culture in sport is a social phenomenon. At present, however, the evidence does not tell us what the precise mechanisms involved in the production and reproduction of the drinking culture are. To gain a deeper understanding of these mechanisms a case study methodology was used, where a researcher was heavily immersed within a male university rugby environment for a season. Data sources included observation, field-note taking, documentation, conversational interviews, and formal semi-structured interviews. These athletes faced a multitude of pressures encouraging them to drink, and often. Firstly, alcohol use was embedded within athletes’ weekly routine. Over time, drinking became a taken-for-granted ritual of sport. Secondly, specific roles and responsibilities, punishments, and events, were used to ensure athletes complied with the drinking ethos. Thirdly, athletes used alcohol to gain status and reputation. This, however, led to a culture where no behaviours were off limits and led to potentially harmful consequences. Fourthly, institutional factors (such as alcohol price, availability and sponsorship) may have normalised and legitimised a heavy drinking culture. There is a need to confront and challenge the alcohol ethos at this and other similar institutions with a pervasive drinking culture to reduce the potential harm to individual athletes.

The refracted portrait of the artist: The cultural reproduction of artist attributes through the Venice Film Festival

The refracted portrait of the artist: The cultural reproduction of artist attributes through the Venice Film Festival

Imperial Educación: Race and Republican Motherhood in the Nineteenth-Century Americas by Thomas Genova

Reviewed by: Imperial Educación: Race and Republican Motherhood in the Nineteenth-Century Americas by Thomas Genova Felipe Martínez-Pinzón Keywords International Education, Nation Formation, Republicanism, Motherhood, Gender, Race, Thomas Genova, Felipe Martínez-Pinzón genova, thomas. Imperial Educación: Race and Republican Motherhood in the Nineteenth-Century Americas. U of Virginia P, 2021, 342 pp. Imperial Educación: Race and Republican Motherhood in the Nineteenth-Century Americas offers a refreshing approach to Latin American literary and cultural studies, specifically 19th-century studies, through rigorous transnational [End Page 323] archival work and a literary review of three national literatures placed in dialogue, friction and mutual influence: the United States, Cuba and Argentina. As part of a recent trend in hemispheric studies of our 19th-century literatures, alongside important names and titles in Hemispheric Studies such as Ronald Brigg's The Moral Electricity of Print: Transatlantic Education in Lima Women's Circuit, 1876–1910 (2017) and Rodrigo Lazo's Writing Cuba: Filibustering and Cuban Exiles in the United States (2005), Thomas Genova offers a nuanced analysis of a critical trope—or at least one that reveals itself as critical thanks to his book—to the construction of the American republics as "Bourgeois Republics": the racialized figure of the republican mother as teacher, and the teacher as mother. Spanning the mid-19th century all the way to the postwar Spanish–Cuban–American war of 1898, Genova traces this trope in a fascinating array of canonical and noncanonical literary texts, as well as in legal writings, poetry, private correspondence, political essays, travelogues and memoirs. His book offers new readings of classics such as Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's Viajes: Europa, Africa, América (1849), Cirilo Villaverde's Cecilia Valdés (1882), and James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans (1826), in dialogue with other, lesser known texts that reveal the outstanding level of hemispheric cultural porosity among foundational novels, travelogues and memoirs. In conversation with scholarship that reads nationalism and regionalism as a reaction and at the same time a product of imperialism, Genova invites us, among other original interventions, to read Eduarda Mansilla's Lucía Miranda as an old creole Hispanophile's reaction to the Americanization of the national-civilizatory discourse mobilized by Sarmiento's readings of Cooper. The book also offers nuanced readings of Mary Mann's recently recovered Juanita (1887) and Martín Morúa Delgado's (1891) Sofía as different, yet dialoguing, interventions about what model of cultural reproduction (or miscarriage) is better suited for racially diverse republics such as Cuba. Genova's central argument is that education—as a republican duty assigned to women—traversed the debates about how to civilize and incorporate into the fledgling republic a vastly diverse panorama of racialized peoples. The consequences of focusing on the crossings of education, gender and race with a hemispheric scope are manifold and inspiring. First, in line with other scholars, this crossing entails seeing Latin America as a "deeper South" that partakes of northern North American stereotypes of the US South. Secondly, and stemming from this, Genova invites us to see the cultural (and sometimes familial) [End Page 324] connections between, say, the Cuban plantation elite and the US southern gentry. Thirdly, the book places emphasis on novelists writing foundational fictions at the end of the 19th century not only as writers but as readers of this particular genre, and as such, conscious of the narrative opportunities and shortcomings of this pedagogical literary corpus. Thanks to it, Cirilo Villaverde is uncovered as a reader not only of the mid-19th-century Latin American and US canon (Marmol's Amalia, Blest Gana's Martín Rivas or even Delaney's Blake?), and Cuban (Morúa Delgado) and non-Cuban writers (Mary Mann) are seen as readers that rewrite Cecilia Valdés (for Morúa Delgado this has been the typical read), but in doing so, center other ways of conceiving of gender, race and education in the island's turn-of-the-century literature. Imperial Educación is divided into two parts composed of three chapters each. Chapters one, two and three dwell on Argentina–US relations after Rosa's exile, while chapters...

Why Does China’s College Entrance Examination become “Involution”— Based on the Background of Cultural Reproduction in School Education Process

Why Does China’s College Entrance Examination become “Involution”— Based on the Background of Cultural Reproduction in School Education Process

Staying on track in higher secondary education in Flanders (Belgium). Mechanisms explaining social inequality in educational choice

ABSTRACT This article analyses the mechanisms that contribute to differences in educational choice in the transition from the second to the third stage of secondary education in Flanders, a highly tracked educational system. The study programme chosen in the eleventh grade, besides being quite predictable from the educational position in the tenth grade and school performance, is also affected by social class, ethnic background and gender. Using data gathered from pupils, their parents and their teachers, this study (N = 4389) tests a broad range of factors put forward by rational action theory, cultural reproduction theory and the Wisconsin status attainment model. As proposed by rational action theory, relative risk aversion affects educational choice. However, it does not explain the SES effect. Pupils’ academic self-esteem and their time perspective do have some potential to explain SES differentials in educational choice, as hypothesised by rational action theorists, and as can be expected from cultural explanations for educational inequality as well. In addition, expectations of significant others (parents, as well as teachers) are important predictors for subsequent educational choice and explain part of SES differences. Finally, classic cultural indicators of the parental home do not seem to affect educational choice beyond their effects on performance.

Oral Traditions and Folklores as Tools of Political Mobilization and Conflict Transformation among Ethnic Minority Groups in Assam, India’s Northeast

Inter-ethnic violence and counter-violence have been at the center of writings on identity politics among ethnic groups in India’s Northeast. Yet, the existing literature on these aspects in India, especially in the Northeast region, has missed out on a very significant dimension. Very few studies have focused on the use of oral narratives and folklores as important methods that contribute to identity politics and conflict transformation among ethnic groups. Preliminary research suggests that ethnic violence in Northeast India exhibits variations in terms of the patterns of violence and state responses that shape the outcome of the conflicts. Oral narratives are the repositories of cultural reproduction of marginalized communities and serve as important tools that enable these communities to reclaim their identity, social justice and shape their agency. The aim of the paper is, therefore, to examine how and to what extent oral traditions and narratives in the form of folklore help mobilize marginalized ethnic groups in conflict zones in India’s Northeast. The paper uses the case study of the historically marginalized Bodo ethnic group to examine the linkages between folklore, identity construction, mobilization and peace.

Reproduction of the titular languages of the Volga and Urals republics: integrity of individual and collective practices

Based on the sociological materials collected in the period of 2012-2021 (mass surveys and interviews with opinion leaders), the article examines the complex nature of linguistic practices of residents of the Republic of Tatarstan and the national republics of the Volga region and the Urals. In every republic, the titular language is the native language for most representatives of the titular nationality and the state language of the republic along with Russian. The article evaluates the interrelation of the individual and the collective in the linguistic repertoire of citizens, the importance of language as a marker of ethnic affiliation in the context of growing individualization, the erosion of ethnic adherence and the formation of multiple identities. Special attention is paid to the perception of changes in the teaching of native languages initiated by federal authorities in 2017-2018, and to the viewpoints of the opinion leaders of the Volga-Ural republics (national intelligentsia, media workers and representatives of public organizations) which are discussed in terms of correlation of the freedom of speech preferences and the reproduction of language and culture of the ethnic community.

Nora Bead Crafting in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand: A Cultural Reproduction for Sustainability

The Nora show started in 1820, using Nora beads to decorate the Nora costumes. Today, Nora beads are created as crafts for ornament in response to the needs of society and consumers. However, due to the changes affecting the social and economic aspects, the preservation and maintenance of crafts like Nora are crucial for sustainability. This article, which is part of a larger study on “Nora Bead Crafting: Cultural Capital and Creative Folklore”, is designed as analytical descriptive research with qualitative data analysis. The data for this study was collected using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions participated by Nora bead crafters in Muang District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The findings revealed that Nora, a local performing art of the Southern part of Thailand, preserved and maintained the Nora identity and numerous belief systems. The crafters designed their products by changing the colours, shapes, and patterns and using the materials in stringing or embroidering the beads. The creation of the Nora beads in these new ways is considered a reproduction of culture in four aspects—production, dissemination, consumption, and reproduction.

When cultural reproduction overshadows personal transformation: the case of Russian schools teachers in Estonia

ABSTRACT The success with which minority teachers cope with socio-cultural integration indicates their transformative agency. However, teachers’ ideational projects, which are converted into a set of established practices, are tightly connected with their ideologies. In this case what they transform is not a matter of integration for them but is irrevocably intertwined with protecting their own culture. Applying a symbolic interactionist methodological lens and Archer’s ’social morphogenesis’ explanatory framework, in this qualitative research I aim to examine the unique educational context of Estonia. Schools with Russian as the language of instruction co-exist with schools where instruction is in the national language. The paper explores the mechanisms that stand behind the social agency of minority teachers and why their practices are considered ‘morphostatic’ for the whole education system. The paper concludes that these teachers’ agency is culturally mediated and their strategies are reflexive and morphogenetic in nature, even though they don’t lead to integration.

Trans-mountain Moonshine: Liquor, Identity, and Resistance in the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains

This paper discusses the role of the local production of liquor – or hooch – as a means of cultural reproduction and participation in the informal economy within rural areas, and what this has implied for both state control and local resistance. I examine these issues comparatively, looking at the informal production of moonshine in Appalachia, and ţuica in Carpathian Romania. A global comparative lens helps to illuminate the changing nature of state-society relations in the context of rural peripheries and the increasing globalization of
 local culture and lifeways.

My Own Creation as a Dynamic Subcultural Objectified Authenticity of Adult Fans of LEGO

My Own Creation as a Dynamic Subcultural Objectified Authenticity of Adult Fans of LEGO

Stimulating music educator worldview change through a pedagogy of provocation, critical thinking and peer-review

Contemporary literature suggests that music education is stuck in a cycle of cultural reproduction in which music teachers and curriculum writers value Western art music more than culturally-diverse and modern, technology-saturated musics, and train the next generation to hold similar views. A MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) was developed to challenge music teachers’ worldviews and to develop critical thinking about the field. In this mixed-methods study, we analysed 18 months of qualitative and quantitative data provided by the more than 1,600 course participants in response to paedagogical ‘provocations’ to assess whether it was successful in prompting critical thinking and worldview change. We used three methods to interrogate three distinct datasets: basic content analysis of participants’ publicly written reflections, statistical analysis of peer marking and context-network maps of peer comments. Between-methods triangulation crystallised our findings. We find that through required peer-review of public postings, an online community of practice formed, that it encouraged teachers to engage deeply with new ideas, and engage in Critical Thinking. We find that those who had a disposition towards critical thinking in the early assessments responded most positively to the pedagogy of provocation and were consistently prepared to question their own worldview and practice.

Re-examining cultural reproduction theory: cultural capital and adolescent academic achievement in China

Re-examining cultural reproduction theory: cultural capital and adolescent academic achievement in China

REPRESENTATIVENESS OF HERBAL PERENNIAL PHYTOAUTHONIES IN THE LANDSCAPE PHYTOCENOD DESIGN OF THE LANDSCAPE ART PARK-MONUMENT «FEOFANIYA»

A floristic analysis of the fraction of decorative perennials of the spontaneous flora of the Feofania tract was carried out. 86 species of plants, belonging to 63 genera from 34 families, were selected for the formation of landscape phytocenose compositions in a natural style. This species composition is quite representative according to taxonomic, ecological, phytocenotic, biomorphological and phenorhythmotypic criteria. Plant species are ranked by the level of their cultivation potential, 66% of them are recognized as highly promising. More effective types of plant’s reproduction in culture have been determined. A comprehensive analysis of the species composition of plants and elucidation of ecological, phytocenotic and floristic features of park landscapes in the park-monument of landscape art of national significance "Feofaniya" was carried out. An experimental exposition project has been developed that combines natural phytocenoses with phytocenose compositions formed by species adapted to local ecological conditions. A significant part of these species are phytoautochthonous. The species composition of the plants of this exposition illustrates the significant environmental protection, demonstration, educational and popularization load. This contributes to the expansion and deepening of knowledge about regional floral diversity as a whole and its individual elements. The formation of landscape phytocenose compositions on its basis is a very effective means of its preservation. Many types of plants that have the official status of international and regional ranks of protection at the same time have quite high decorativeness indicators. The project reflects almost 10 % of plant species that are included in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. A third (29,8 %) of the species are listed in the regional conservation lists of Ukraine. We consider the involvement of these species in the creation of a phytocenose composition an important element of preserving autochthonous diversity and reducing the share of alien species in modern landscape design. Most types of plants have economic value: medicinal (69 %), honey (44,7 %), fodder (32 %), technical (18,1 %), food (16 %). 20 species of ornamental plants are poisonous to varying degrees. The use of decorative herbal phytoautochthons contributes to aesthetic education and active perception of nature as part of the unique Ukrainian heritage.

Cultural reproduction or cultural mobility: The influence of individual characteristics and student engagement on academic achievement of the first generation college students in Chinese Research University

With the rapid development of higher education in China, the first-generation college students in China's research universities are gradually becoming the minority .Based on a sample of 5524 students at a research university in China, this study examines the impact of family institutional cultural capital on academic achievement of undergraduates, as well as the moderating effect of individual characteristics and student engagement. The study finds no significant difference between the first-generation college students and non-first-generation college students in grade point average but a significant difference in graduate education opportunities. Compared with non-first-generation college students, being a minority in college and student-student interaction have greater negative influence on first-generation students’ academic achievement, while academic activities participation has a positive impact. The analysis results show that the first-generation college students in Chinese research universities are still at a disadvantage in terms of academic achievement that requires comprehensive ability, but this cannot be simply be attributed to cultural reproduction. Student engagement still plays a role in promoting cultural mobility, and the importance of institutional cultural capital varies by the type and stage of achievement measured.