Reproduction Of Children Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Paaryaad Perceptual-Motor Exercises on Response Inhibition, Cognitive Flexibility and Time Reproduction in Children with Developmental Coordination

Introduction: Recently, the use of new therapeutic approaches to improve the executive functions of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) has attracted the attention of researchers. The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of paaryaad exercises on response inhibition, cognitive flexibility and time reproduction in 8-12-year-old children with DCD.
 Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the research was all the male students aged 8 to 12 years old in Maroodasht city schools in 2018, 30 of whom were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention included perceptual-motor paaryaad exercises for 20 thirty-minute sessions at the gym. Data were collected using GO/NOGO and Stroop software, and time reproduction. Data analysis was done using repeated measure analysis of variance and Wilcoxon test in SPSS 24 software.
 Results: The results of the research showed that the scores of the experimental group regarding the variables of cognitive flexibility and response inhibition increased and the scores of time reproduction decreased. However, the scores of the control group did not change in the studied variables. Moreover, the findings of the research showed that Paaryaad perceptual motor exercises have a significant effect on response inhibition and time reproduction (p<0/005), but did not have a significant effect on the cognitive flexibility component (p<0/005).
 Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of Paaryaad exercises on response inhibition and time reproduction of children with DCD, it is suggested that these exercises be used as a suitable intervention method to improve some executive functions.

Sexual Development: Reproduction in Children's Books

Cinsel eğitim yaşamın başlangıcından itibaren sağlıklı gelişim sürecinde etkili olan bir kavramdır. İnsan bedeni ve gelişimi, şiddetten korunma ve güvende olma gibi üreme konusu da cinsel eğitimin bir parçasıdır. Bu araştırmada çocukların üreme konusuna yönelik sorularına yanıt verebilecek nitelikte, amaçlı örnekleme yoluyla belirlenen 11 resimli çocuk kitabı oluşturulan temalar çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Kitaplarda geçen iletilerin içeriklerini ayrıntılarıyla ortaya koymak amacıyla bu araştırma doküman incelemesi yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre kitaplarda üremeyle ilgili bilgilerin verilmesi, biyolojik cinsiyet, cinsel organlar ve özellikleri, cinsel birliktelik, döllenme, hamilelik ve doğum süreçleri, üreme ve cinsellikle ilgili resimler, çocuk sahibi olma durumu ve ebeveynlere yönelik öneriler gibi temalara çeşitli şekillerde yer verildiği görülmüştür. Kitaplarda yer alan içerikler ile ayrıntıları farklılaşmaktadır. Cinsel eğitimin yaşa ve gelişim düzeyine uygunluğu, cinsel eğitimin ölçünleri ve içeriği göz önünde bulundurularak bulgular tartışılmıştır. Cinsel eğitimde kullanılabilecek bir araç olan resimli çocuk kitaplarının içeriğinin ve hitap ettiği yaş grubunun belirtilmesi, ebeveynlere cinsel eğitimde rehberlik edilmesi, cinsel eğitimde yaş ve gelişim düzeyine uygun ölçünlerin belirlenmesi ve uygulanması çocukların sağlıklı cinsel eğitim almalarına katkı sağlayacaktır.

The effects of model age and familiarity on children's reproduction of ritual behaviour.

Rituals are fundamental social acts that structure relationships and enable the filtering of important cognitive attributes (e.g. working memory and inhibitory control) that make humans what they are today. This study investigated the influence of model age and familiarity on the reproduction of ritual behaviour in five-year-old children. Through an exploration of these factors, this study sheds light on the cognitive mechanisms children use to comprehend and replicate rituals. Ninety-eight five-year-old children were divided into two groups: an experimental group, which observed an adult or child model, either familiar or unfamiliar to them, demonstrating eight ritual acts; and a control group, which received no video demonstration. The results revealed that children who observed an adult reproduced more ritual acts than those who observed a child, and children who observed unfamiliar models reproduced ritual acts more frequently than those who observed familiar ones. Additionally, when exposed to unfamiliar models, children's reproductive fidelity was higher. These findings suggest that children have the ability to address new adaptation challenges by participating in rituals at an early age and that they generate suitable solutions depending on the model's characteristics. This provides evidence for the adaptive bias in children's cultural learning from a ritual perspective.

РАЗВИТИЕ РЕЧЕВОГО ДЫХАНИЯ В КОРРЕКЦИИ ДЕФЕКТОВ ЗВУКОПРОИЗНОШЕНИЯ У СТАРШИХ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ДИЗАРТРИЕЙ

Introduction: The relevance of our research lies in the search for effective ways of speech therapy through the development of speech breathing in the correction of sound reproduction disorders in preschoolers with dysarthria. There are disagreements in science and practice since the theory recognizes the fundamental importance of speech breathing development in correction of the sound productions defect; whereas speech therapists barely use the corrective possibilities of speech breathing in their practice due to the lack of clearly prescribed consistent recommendations of speech therapy working on the production of speech sounds. The article aims to identify the problems of speech breathing development in the correction of sound reproduction in children with dysarthria, to analyze the state of speech breathing skills important for pronouncing phonemes in 5-6 year-old children with dysarthria, to offer consistent recommendations for speech therapy correction of the defects in working on the production of speech sounds. Materials and methods: The following research methods were used: theoretical, anamnestic consisting in the study of the documentation of preschool educational institution, diagnostic method (diagnosis of speech breathing of senior preschoolers with dysarthria) with screening (study of the speech therapy status of senior preschoolers with dysarthria); methods of quantitative and qualitative processing of the results. Results: We studied the medical records of the preschool educational institution for each child and the speech records of the therapist in order to obtain detailed data on the severity of dysarthria, as well as the intellectual and neurological status, hearing condition of the test subjects in the sample. In order to determine the psychorechological status, the speech therapist reports were later correlated with the speech therapy screening and medical records data. We conducted a study of the state of speech breathing in children with moderate dysarthria and with minimal dysarthric disorders. It was found that in cases of moderate dysarthria, the condition of speech breathing and sound production suffers to a greater extent than in cases of minimal dysarthric disorders. It was revealed that children with dysarthria have the state of speech breathing that correlates with the state of sound reproduction: the more pronunciation defects the child has, the lower the level of speech breathing. Detailed consistent recommendations of correctional work on the development of speech breathing in preschoolers with dysarthria, depending on which speech sound is corrected, are presented.

Levan Gotua - a Big fan of Nature (according to Publicism)

Like Vazha-Pshavela’s Mindia, Levan Gotua was a mystic of nature. This feeling was compounded by the arrests. After each release from prison, nature became his refuge. Inspiration has also grown by a hundred. He came from nature in writing.The writer in his publicist letters argued why nature is „the protector of our nation“ and „geographical happiness“. If we did not have this „geographical miracle“, we would probably have shared the fate of Babylon, Assyria, Hittites, Urartu and other modern tribes.Levan Gotua concludes that our history and geography are „completely inseparable". She called the forest „Green Mother“, the tree was also called the Green Temple.He was a great fan of nature. He thought a lot about the past, present, future and was sure that Georgia is not only a mountainous, but also a forest country. Almost all spheres of Georgian life began with the forest, he connected nature and forest with the fate of the nation and could not imagine any of them.According to him, sometimes the reason for the felling was the construction of the road and the reckless equipping of the „lovers“ with new technology.Levan Gotua connects the cultivation of trees with the multiplication of the nation. In his opinion, the reproduction of children and the cultivation of trees are almost equally necessary in Georgia. „We need to plant as many trees as possible, as if we are propagating our children“, he wrote.Levan Gotua declares Georgia a country of three „eternities“: Evergreens (subtropical vegetation), Forever white (snowy peaks), Forever blue (sea).The endurance and immortality of a nation are the companions of the three „eternity“ of countries.The forest is the main outpost of spiritual and physical existence.

The Different Contribution of Executive Control to Temporal Comparison and Reproduction in Children and Adults

ABSTRACT The present study investigated the role of executive functions in the development of two aspects of timing: temporal reproduction and comparison. Children aged 7 and 10 years and young adults were asked to either reproduce target durations (i.e., reproduction task) or judge the similarity of two target durations (i.e., comparison task). These temporal tasks were performed in isolation (single-task condition) or in conjunction (dual-task condition) with an executive task tapping inhibitory control (i.e., Stroop-like interference in animals size task). The results showed that the concurrent executive task degraded temporal performance to a greater extent at the age of 7 years than in older children and adults, and that it had much less influence on temporal comparison than on temporal reproduction. Conversely, regardless of age group, the concurrent timing of stimuli decreased response accuracy in the inhibitory control task in both temporal tasks, but to a greater extent in the comparison than the reproduction task. Furthermore, the dual-task condition reduced response time in the executive task, but only in children aged 7 years -and not in older children and adults. Thus, both duration reproduction and comparison relate to executive functions, although the relation is stronger for reproduction. Importantly, timing progress during childhood stems at least partly from more efficient executive functions (more specifically inhibitory control).

Использование нейростимуляции в коррекции звукопроизношения у детей дошкольного возраста с минимальными дизартрическими расстройствами

The article considers the mechanisms and types of neurostimulation (direct and indirect effect) that contribute to the development of the kinetic and kinesthetic basis for sound reproduction in children with minimal dysarthric disorders, used in modern speech therapy. Keywords: minimal dysarthric disorders, types of neurostimulation, kinetic and kinesthetic basis of speech, correction of sound pronunciation, direct and indirect effects, bioenergetics, kinesiotherapy, cerebellar stimulation, point massage, hydro-kinesiotherapy, Bobath therapy, taping.

МОДЕЛЬ «СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ДЕТСТВА В РОССИЙСКИХ РЕГИОНАХ»: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТОВ

The article presents the results of mathematical experiments with the system «Social potential of childhood in the Russian regions». In the structure of system divided into three subsystems – the «Reproduction of children in the region», «Children’s health» and «Education of children», for each defined its target factor (output parameter). The groups of infrastructure factors (education, health, culture and sport, transport), socio-economic, territorial-settlement, demographic and en-vironmental factors are designated as the factors that control the system (input parameters). The aim of the study is to build a model îf «Social potential of childhood in the Russian regions», as well as to conduct experiments to find the optimal ratio of the values of target and control factors. Three waves of experiments were conducted. The first wave is related to the analysis of the dynam-ics of indicators for 6 years. The second – with the selection of optimal values of control factors at fixed ideal values of target factors. The third wave allowed us to calculate the values of the target factors based on the selected optimal values of the control factors of the previous wave.

Nonsense and possibility: ambiguity, rupture and reproduction in children’s play/ful narratives

ABSTRACT Play has been widely acknowledged as a site of important processes in children’s lives, ranging from socialisation to subjectification. Little empirical work, however, has focused on the particular features of play that mobilise criticality and contestation, or that alternately enable the micro-politics of exclusion. This article draws on school-based research in the west of Ireland with young children from migrant and non-migrant backgrounds. Centring on understandings of generational, gendered and raced belongings, it examines children’s narratives of play and playful narratives that de/reconstruct positionings in peer contexts and in broader societal spaces. More specifically, it explores how the in-between and ambiguous character of children’s play practices and playful speech contribute to such multiple sites of becoming. It concludes with a suggestion for further adult engagement with these play/ful political practices, and for consideration of potential links to ‘large p’ politics in children’s lives.

German Stories in Iranian Children's Literature

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The influence of goal demotion on children's reproduction of ritual behavior

Abstract Rituals are a ubiquitous feature of human behavior, yet we know little about the cognitive mechanisms that enable children to recognize them and respond accordingly. In this study, 3 to 6 year old children living in Bushman communities in South Africa were shown a sequence of causally irrelevant actions that differed in the extent to which goal demotion was a feature. The children consistently replicated the causally irrelevant actions but when such actions were also fully goal demoted they were reproduced at significantly higher rates. These findings highlight how causal opacity and goal demotion work in tandem to demarcate actions as being ritualistic, and specifically, how goal demotion uniquely influences the reproduction of ritualistic actions.

What gets left behind for future generations? Reproduction and the environment in Spey Bay, Scotland

What gets left behind for future generations? Reproduction and the environment in Spey Bay, Scotland

Snack Sharing and the Moral Metalanguage of Exchange: Children's Reproduction of Rank‐Based Redistribution in Senegal

Adults in Senegal explain children's snack sharing practices as the product of gender and age differences in children's temperament, describing older girls as better behaved and thus better suited to divvy up food. But close examination of children's language practices while sharing food reveals the nuanced semiotic strategies they draw on to negotiate rights to material resources. This article builds on Judith Irvine's research into the intersections of language and material exchange, to shed light on the ways children participate in the reproduction of linguistic forms that mediate material circulation. Analysis of snack sharing between siblings in Dakar illustrates how children embody contrasting semiotic practices linked to caste‐based modes of behavior. I argue that the semiotic resources children use to negotiate obligation and entitlement while sharing food can illuminate the naturalization of morally charged forms of language materiality that underpin material circulation according to asymmetrical, but complimentary social roles.

The ontogeny of visual-motor memory and its importance in handwriting and reading: a developing construct.

Humans have evolved a remarkable ability to remember visual shapes and use these representations to generate motor activity (from Palaeolithic cave drawings through Jiahu symbols to cursive handwriting). The term visual-motor memory (VMM) describes this psychological ability, which must have conveyed an evolutionary advantage and remains critically important to humans (e.g. when learning to write). Surprisingly, little empirical investigation of this unique human ability exists--almost certainly because of the technological difficulties involved in measuring VMM. We deployed a novel technique for measuring this construct in 87 children (6-11 years old, 44 females). Children drew novel shapes presented briefly on a tablet laptop screen, drawing their responses from memory on the screen using a digitizer stylus. Sophisticated algorithms (using point-registration techniques) objectively quantified the accuracy of the children's reproductions. VMM improved with age and performance decreased with shape complexity, indicating that the measure captured meaningful developmental changes. The relationship between VMM and scores on nationally standardized writing assessments were explored with the results showing a clear relationship between these measures, even after controlling for age. Moreover, a relationship between VMM and the nationally standardized reading test was mediated via writing ability, suggesting VMM's wider importance within language development.

Miro y veo: la interdisciplinaridad superando retos de la patologización

La crítica a la reproducción de niños patologizados se impone a través de un creciente movimiento, lo cual intenta evitar que cuestiones psicosociales sean reducidas a un proceso biológico. Nos consta que gran parte de las derivaciones a evaluación psicológica tiene origen en el ambiente escolar, donde los profesores se encuentran angustiados en busca de respuestas para las dificultades que presentan sus alumnos, sea por el comportamiento, sea por el aprendizaje. Esta investigación descriptiva y bibliográfica tiene como objeto reflexionar sobre el número elevado de derivaciones hacia evaluación psicológica al Servicio de Salud Mental de Atención Básica de un municipio pequeño, al considerar la interdisciplinaridad como referencia de intervención profesional. A partir del estudio realizado se concluye que existen muchos casos en que la psicopatología y cuestiones de orden psicosocial se encuentran en una línea tenue, que exige evaluación cuidada, pero muchas derivaciones presentan inconsistencia. Muchas veces, cuando la mirada no es ampliada hacia el entorno en que el niño está inserido, los resultados son generalizaciones y seudodiagnósticos, que reproducen el proceso de medicalización. Se hace evidente que el trabajo interdisciplinar produce una red de atención que prioriza el cuidado y la comunicación entre los servicios, se presenta como recurso importante para una práctica responsable de cuidado integral.

Intergenerational Justice for Children: Restructuring Adoption, Reproduction and Child Welfare Policy

Abstract An intergenerational justice perspective requires that we look at the condition of the existing generation of children and those to be born in the future. Many millions of the existing generation of children are now in trouble and at high risk of never fulfilling their human potential. These children are in turn unlikely, if they live to produce children, to be capable of providing the nurturing parenting that the next generation will need. The article’s starting premises are that we should count child interests as of equivalent value to adult interests and that we do owe justice not just to the existing generation of children but to the next generations as well. Justice to the next generations means encouraging the creation of children who will have a good chance to enjoy the pleasures of life, children who will be born healthy and will be brought up by nurturing parents. Given these premises, there is much wrong with current reality and related policy. We now encourage the reproduction of more children than we can care for, provide limited child welfare enabling poor parents to better care for their children, and discourage adoption both domestic and international. We should reverse these policies. We should change the pronatalist and anti-contraception policies that encourage the reproduction of children who won’t likely be born healthy or receive nurturing care. We should provide child welfare so that poor parents who want to keep and raise their children can do so. We should encourage adoption, both domestic and international.

Effects of focus and definiteness on children's word order: evidence from German five-year-olds' reproductions of double object constructions.

Two experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4 ;5 to 5 ;6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreased as markedness of inputs increased; unmarked structures were reproduced most faithfully and unfaithful outputs had most often an unmarked form. Consistent with the OT proposal, children were more tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for focus; in conflict with the proposal, children were less tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for definiteness. Our results suggest that the linearization of objects in German double object constructions is affected by focus and definiteness, but that prosodic principles may have an impact on the position of a focused constituent.

Intergenerational Justice for Children: Restructuring Adoption, Reproduction & Child Welfare Policy

This article takes seriously the idea of intergenerational justice for children, and takes as starting premises that child interests count as equivalent to adult, and that we owe justice not just to existing children but also to the next generation. It argues that intergenerational justice demands a major restructuring of policies throughout the world governing adoption, reproduction, and child welfare. We now encourage the reproduction of more children than we can care for, provide limited child welfare enabling poor parents to care for their children, and discourage adoption of existing children who need homes. These policies are perverse, unfair not just to children but adults as well. Societies that damage their children will have to live with those children when they grow up, children at high risk for crime, substance abuse, unemployment, poverty and for mistreating the next generation. We need to reverse the perverse. We need to change the pronatalist and anti-contraception policies that encourage the reproduction of children who won’t be born healthy or receive nurturing care, and we need to encourage adoption both domestic and international.

‘The vagina does not talk’: conception concealed or deliberately disclosed in eastern Cameroon

In the East Province of Cameroon, respectable womanhood has long been intrinsically related to ethics of production and reproduction: women attain social standing through productive work in the fields and through the reproduction of children – preferably within a marital setting. Yet, in the face of current alternative ‘horizons of honour’ such as schooling, employment or relationships with rich urban men, women's intentions with regard to marriage and motherhood acquire different meanings. On their pathways to urban forms of honour, formal engagements and childbearing are often postponed, while premarital sexual encounters proliferate. This paper explores the meanings of pregnancy within the context of these fragile relationships and women's urban aspirations; fertility will be shown to be a ‘bet’ that may either disrupt or stabilize urban affairs and ambitions. As such, pregnancies can be strategically anticipated and deliberately disclosed or unexpectedly encountered and secretly disrupted. This paper sheds light on women's strategies of concealment and disclosure of pregnancies and shows that these practices are often inspired by a notion of the ‘right timing’ of particular reproductive conjunctures – a notion that is of increasing relevance in current frames of female honour in Cameroon.

Resisting Bare Life: Children's Reproduction of Quotidian Culture in a Sri Lankan Camp

This article explores how children reproduce the culture of everyday life in the context of living in an IDP (internally displaced persons) camp at the end of the Sri Lankan civil war. Using qualitative research with internally displaced children and the adults working with them (doctors, teachers and NGO workers), it explores the children's everyday social reality around the themes of family, peers, popular culture, and religious practices. In discussing this reproduction of the culture of everyday life, rooted within Tamil, and South Indian cultural practices, the author shows that children and adults resist their reduction to bare life.