Representation Of Thinking Research Articles

Dolina Isse: duhovna avtobiografija in »film spomin«

The article deals with the novel The Issa Valley, written by the Nobel laureate in literature Czesław Miłosz, and its eponymous film adaptation by film director Tadeusz Konwicki. Both authors were born in the region of today’s Lithuania, which, with its intact natural environment and ancient folk beliefs, left a strong mark on their childhoods. In the present novel or film, the authors narrate their childhood through fragmentary memories, which are transformed by fiction, and through representations of thoughts: while Miłosz narrates his own childhood, Konwicki transforms the novel into film and shows the story through audio-visual images, at the same time also exposing himself in the role of author. With a chronotope analysis, and based on the anthropological-morphological method of film analysis, the contribution presents the methods of verbal and audio-visual representation of an adult-narrator memory on the landscape of his home region and on the time of childhood as well as defining the discussed works with the categories “spiritual autobiography” and “film-memory”.

Student Representation of Mathematical Thinking In Mathematical Problem Solving

The way students who want to become teachers represent their mathematical reasoning when they solve mathematical problems—using case studies and qualitative techniques. Data were gathered from the vignette results of student work. They are using snowball sampling for subject selection. Three third-semester mathematics education program participants served as the study's research subjects—ways for gathering data, such as interviewing and recording. Three steps of the analysis were completed: presentation of data, elaboration of conclusions and verification. As a consequence of meeting all markers of mathematical thinking representation, the S1 and S2 subjects with high and moderate academic talents had good mathematical thinking representation abilities. Because S3 students with limited intellectual skills cannot still represent mathematical ideas.

Bio-inspired cognitive architecture of episodic memory

Memory and learning are essential functions in human beings as they allow us to acquire and store in the brain representations of thoughts, experiences, and behaviors, which are required for problem-solving in our daily life and mainly for survival. Episodic memory is a type of memory that provides the ability to re-experience events in one’s life, and it is associated with their conscious recollection. Since episodic memory can represent our experiences about the environment, similar to a mental journey, it is desired in systems that attempt to create human-like behavior. Currently, the main problem is that state of the art proposals do not consider neuroscientific evidence like memory dynamics for forgetting or bottom-up inputs, and most of them do not consider episodic memory as a different memory but as part of general declarative memory. We consider these omissions to limit the generation of human-like behavior. In this work, we propose a bio-inspired cognitive architecture of episodic memory. Neuroscientific evidence provides us with the brain structures associated with this type of memory, the connections, and the operations these areas perform. We hypothesize that virtual entities endowed with our episodic memory cognitive architecture will plan and make decisions in a more human-like fashion. To test the capabilities of the proposal, we endowed a virtual creature with a distributed and concurrent implementation of our architecture, and it was given two tasks. The first task validated the functions of the memory independently, and in the second task, the creature used episodic memory to solve a planning problem. From the results of these experiments, we validate our proposal and show that it is possible to create a system that behaves as the human brain does.

Speech And Thought Representation of the Split Personality Between the Narrator and Tyler Durden In Fight Club By Chuck Palahniuk

This research is to analyze the stylistics elements of speech and thought of the narrator’s and his split personality, Tyler Durden in Fight Club (1996) is Chuck Palahniuk. The analysis employs Geoffrey Leech and Michael Short’s theory of speech and thought representation as presented in Paul Simpson’s stylistics guidebook. The method of data collection is close reading the novel and then analyzing them with descriptive qualitative method. The research shows that the narrator is prominently represented thought representation while Tyler Durden most represented by speech representation. Through the progression of the plot’s beginning, middle, and end part, the narrator and Tyler’s characterizations and development as split personalities can be seen by their speech and thought representations. By analyzing both the narrator and Tyler Durden’s speech and thought representation, it can be concluded that linguistic style choices are essential tools used by the author to enhance the reading experience.Keywords: Fight Club; novel; stylistics; speech and thought representation; split personality

Hamzanwadi Dan Gerakan Kebangsaan Melalui Pendidikan Berbasis Lokal Bermatra Nasional

The purpose of this research is to find the thoughts, institutionalization, and agenda of the national movement carried out by Hamzanwadi in Lombok through education. This research uses the method of text documentation, context, and the relationship between the text and the community. The study data was collected through a disaggregated note technique on the proposal of a national hero for Hamzanwadi. Data were analyzed according to historical analysis and hermeneutics as historical and social studies. The results of this study are: 1) Hamzanwadi initiated national thinking through education and established educational institutions as a means of raising awareness of the importance of national independence; 2) Hamzanwadi labels educational institutions as Nahdlatul Wathan as a representation of the thoughts of the national movement or the movement of the homeland; 3) Hamzanwadi develops education for all by initiating equality education through educational institutions for women. It was concluded that, Hamzanwadi had initiated and carried out a national movement through education, institutionalized institutionalization as a representation of national thoughts and actions, and offered thoughts and actions of equality for men and women. Until now, these thoughts, actions and institutionalization are still known through the name of the Nahdlatul Wathan educational organization and institution as local treasures with national dimensions.

Basic concepts and physical-chemical phenomena, that have conceptual meaning for the formation of systemic clinical thinking and formalization of the knowledge of systemic structural-functional organization of the human’s organism

From the point of view of perception and generalization processes there are complex, logic and conceptual forms of thinking. Its conceptual form is the highest result of interaction between thinking and speech. While realizing it, human uses the concept, which are logically formed thoughts, that are the meaning of representation in thinking of unity of meaningful features, relations of subjects or phenomena of objective reality. Special concepts, that are used in the science and technique are called terms. They perform a function of corresponding, special, precise marking of subjects and phenomena, their features and interactions. Scientific knowledge are in that way an objective representation of material duality in our consciousness. Certain complex of terms forms a terminological system, that lies in the basis of corresponding sphere of scientific knowledge and conditions a corresponding form and way of thinking. Clinical thinking is a conceptual form, that manifests and represents by the specialized internal speech with gnostic motivation lying in its basis. Its structural elements are corresponding definitions, terms and concepts. Cardinal features of clinical systems are consistency, criticality, justification and substantiation. Principles of perception and main concepts are represented in the article along with short descriptions of physical and chemical phenomena, that have conceptual meaning for the formation of systematic clinical thinking and formalization of systemic structural-functional organization of the human’s organism

The use of audio diaries to support reflective mentoring practice in Hungarian teacher training

PurposeThe aim of this study is to explore how mentors' and mentees' self-concepts and related reflective practices in mentored teacher training are supported by using audio diaries within the framework of Dialogical Self Theory (Hermans, 2001), and how it could be used in the wider context of teacher training.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores a specific qualitative methodology, the use of audio diary in self-reflective activities, in the context of teacher training in Hungary. When analysing the data, we used the thematic analysis approach to employ a relatively high level of interpretation.FindingsMulti-level meta-position reflections have emerged from the data that were comparable at a given point in time. We found five different I-positions (Hermans, 2001) that suggest that mentors and mentees perceived of these as shared themes of the emerging incidents in mentoring. However, those aspects of the mentoring process on which mentors and mentees reflected only vaguely or have not reflected mutually in their audio diaries involved a certain level of mis-positioning and further tension.Practical implicationsAudio diaries are beneficial for personal and professional development. The tools and the methodology around them could be leveraged to broaden mentor–mentee dyads, which may lead to including university-based teacher educators and researchers from the field.Originality/valueThe value of this study arises from the process of recording audio diary logs as a direct representation of thoughts during the mentorship process.

Cores que desenham o mundo: infâncias e as marcas de gênero, raça e classe

O ato de desenhar constitui uma das expressões singulares do protagonismo infantil, reverberando a experiência de vida pela qual as crianças materializam e compartilham suas indagações frente ao mundo, atividade criadora que traz a complexidade das relações experienciadas na convivência entre elas e entre elas e com os/as adultos/as, estilos de vida e práticas culturais que deixam as marcas de sua presença. Essas marcas de experiência, por sua vez, são rastros que carregam representações que nos contam pensamentos e interpretações do que é ser uma menina ou um menino, negro/a ou branco/a e filhos/as da classe trabalhadora. Com base nos desenhos de meninas e meninos, negros/as e brancos/as, com idade entre 8 e 9 anos, procuramos compreender como as crianças do ensino fundamental concebem as infâncias vivenciadas na periferia da cidade de São Paulo – Brasil. Ao tomarmos os desenhos infantis como fonte primaria da pesquisa, os conceituamos como artefatos culturais e documentos históricos, que podem contribuir para que se reconheçam as culturas infantis expressas nos traços, símbolos e cores das criações das crianças, permitindo-nos assim pensar este momento da sociedade, com suas especificidades históricas, e as suas marcas de gênero, raça e classe social. Trata-se de uma análise interpretativa, pautada na antropologia, sociologia e pedagogia da infância.

Language as The Expression Representation of Thoughts

The focus of this research was ‘How is the form, content, and modes of language segment in the indicated media has many implicatures?’ The problem was studied by using a qualitative research design. The data were collected through observation, documentation, mingling, and focus group discussion. The data collected were analyzed by using the phenomenologist technique. The data fact “Everyone who commits obscene acts with other people of the same sex to person over 18 years old shall be convicted of the same criminal offenses if they use violence or threat of violence; violating public decency; publish; or contain pornographic elements”(note: the same sex, no violence or threat, no infringement,…., no pornography, is punished?) Language segment found in media was judged as (i) need to be reviewed, (ii) has pseudo certainty, (iii) open less satisfied opportunity, (iv) cause biased, and (v) lead injustice. Statements used in media that cause disgraceful behavior were not found. The modes of language use in media are intended to (i) give lessons, (ii) change behavior so that it does not violate the law, and (iii) fix reputation. Regarding the form, content, and mode formulated in media, it is suggested that statements must (i) be arranged in complete and flawless sentences, (ii) contain messages that cannot be refuted by anyone, and (iii) easily understood by anyone, not only law enforcers.

BARRIERS AND OPPORTUNITIES TO HEALTHY AGING IN ANCHORAGE, ALASKA, USING CONCEPT MAPPING

Alaska currently has the fastest growing proportion of older adults than any state in the country, and seniors are choosing to age-in-place in Anchorage in record numbers. Research shows that including older adults with community-based professionals (aging advocates, researchers, service providers) in focus group activities can provide a rich and holistic model of aging that demonstrates a robust foundation for supporting aging and addressing health disparities. This paper presents the results of a project conducted with older adults (50+ years), advocates, and other stakeholders in Anchorage using Concept Mapping (CM) methodology, a technique not often used in the gerontology literature. CM is a mixed-method, participatory approach that uses brainstorming and unstructured card-sorting combined with multivariate statistics (multi-dimensional scaling, hierarchical cluster analysis) to create a data-driven visual representation of thoughts or ideas of a community. CM is well suited to integrating perspectives from multiple points of view. Participants were prompted to address the research question: how do we think about aging in Anchorage & what are the barriers and facilitators to aging well? Results indicate services for seniors should include culturally responsive health programming, low-cost opportunities for social engagement, inclusion of older adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities, transportation considerations, navigators to locate services in Anchorage, and more. CM allowed the researchers to identify how residents view healthy aging in this urban subarctic location and brainstorm practical solutions with stakeholders and local policy-makers. This presentation will also share lessons-learned regarding the use of this participatory approach with older adults.

Sexuality, esoteric energies, and the subtleties of transmutation versus transformation

Transpersonal perspectives on the meaningfulness of being human, and especially the significance of subtle energy teachings, necessitate a rethinking of the notion of sexuality, beyond definitions in terms of sex acts, biological endowments, or perhaps even the complex fantasia of desire. This redefining of the erotic dimension of human life leads both to appreciation of healing as inherently sexual and to understanding how the processes of transmutation by the forces of subtle energies profoundly differ from the transformations that representation of thoughts, feelings, and wishes may undergo. Cognitive access (including that of reflective self-consciousness) to these forces is inevitably limited and necessarily distorted. In this context, it is suggested that the esoteric traditions of mystical sexuality, including the teachings of authentic tantric practice, be reconsidered and appreciated for their transpersonal dimension.

山口治彦著, 『明晰な引用,しなやかな引用-話法の日英対照研究-』, 2009年12月14日発行, くろしお出版刊, A5判, 288ページ, 3,800円+税

山口治彦著, 『明晰な引用,しなやかな引用-話法の日英対照研究-』, 2009年12月14日発行, くろしお出版刊, A5判, 288ページ, 3,800円+税

Can Learning a Foreign Language Foster Analytic Thinking?-Evidence from Chinese EFL Learners' Writings.

Language is not only the representation of thinking, but also shapes thinking. Studies on bilinguals suggest that a foreign language plays an important and unconscious role in thinking. In this study, a software—Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count 2007—was used to investigate whether the learning of English as a foreign language (EFL) can foster Chinese high school students’ English analytic thinking (EAT) through the analysis of their English writings with our self-built corpus. It was found that: (1) learning English can foster Chinese learners’ EAT. Chinese EFL learners’ ability of making distinctions, degree of cognitive complexity and degree of thinking activeness have all improved along with the increase of their English proficiency and their age; (2) there exist differences in Chinese EFL learners’ EAT and that of English native speakers, i. e. English native speakers are better in the ability of making distinctions and degree of thinking activeness. These findings suggest that the best EFL learners in high schools have gained native-like analytic thinking through six years’ English learning and are able to switch their cognitive styles as needed.

Psychicones: Visual Traces of the Soul in Late Nineteenth-Century Fluidic Photography.

The article discusses attempts to visualise the soul on photographic plates at the end of the nineteenth century, as conducted by the French physician Hippolyte Baraduc in Paris. Although Baraduc refers to earlier experiments on fluidic photography in his book on The Human Soul (1896) and is usually mentioned as a precursor to parapsychological thought photography of the twentieth century, his work is presented as a genuine attempt at photographic soul-catching. Rather than producing mimetic representations of thoughts and imaginations, Baraduc claims to present the vital radiation of the psyche itself and therefore calls the images he produces psychicones.The article first discusses the difference between this method of soul photography and other kinds of occult media technologies of the time, emphasising the significance of its non-mimetic, abstract character: since the soul itself was considered an abstract entity, abstract traces seemed all the more convincing to the contemporary audience. Secondly, the article shows how the technological agency of photography allowed Baraduc’s psychicones to be tied into related discourses in medicine and psychology. Insofar as the photographic plates displayed actual visual traces, Baraduc and his followers no longer considered hallucinations illusionary and pathological but emphasised the physical reality and normality of imagination. Yet, the greatest influence of soul photography was not on science but on art. As the third part of the paper argues, the abstract shapes on Baraduc’s plates provided inspiration for contemporary avant-garde aesthetics, for example, Kandinsky’s abstract paintings and the random streams of consciousness in surrealistic literature.

Utilização do Modelo Orientado à Representação do Pensamento Humano (MORPH) no estabelecimento do Índice de Sensibilidade Fluvial (ISF): uma proposta de contribuição à Classificação da Sensibilidade Ambiental ao Óleo

Este trabalho apresenta a utilização do MORPH (Modelo Orientado à Representação do Pensamento Humano), como uma ferramenta de análise para apoio à criação de um sistema de classificação que visa determinar a sensibilidade ambiental ao óleo de ambientes fluviais, baseado nos principais sistemas de classificação do National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) e da Petrobras S.A. para ambientes fluviais. Essa proposição se deve em razão da recorrência de acidentes envolvendo derramamentos de óleo em áreas continentais, com danos aos cursos fluviais, e à lacuna gerada pela ausência de um sistema de classificação abrangente, que atenda aos mais diversos tipos de ambientes fluviais, pois grande parte dos estudos de sensibilidade está voltada aos ambientes costeiros. O MORPH auxiliou na comparação de muitas variáveis interdependentes, identificando parâmetros físicos fundamentais para estabelecer os ambientes fluviais que fazem parte o Índice de Sensibilidade Fluvial (ISF), incluindo: margens rochosas, estruturas artificiais, praias, bancos de substrato lamoso, barras de meandro, diques naturais, margens vegetadas e planícies de inundação associadas a vegetação. O ISF relaciona as características físicas que influenciam diretamente na persistência natural, na dispersão e nas condições de limpeza e/ ou remoção do óleo, com reflexo direto no grau de impacto.

Speech and Thought Representation in Hemingway: The Case of Free Indirect Discourse

The paper looks into modes of speech and thought presentation, with a particular interest in Free Indirect Discourse. Taking a functional perspective on Free Indirect Discourse, the research studies its formal and stylistic features in E. Hemingway’s short stories. The aim of the study is to outline the factors that determine Hemingway’s choice of this particular mode of discourse presentation. The discourse analysis of 37 samples of FID usage reveals a correlation between the formal features (deixis, tense usage, character speech markers) and stylistic functions of Free Indirect Discourse. These include either distancing the narrator from the character or virtually merging the two together. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s1p458

The development of free indirect constructions in Dutch novels

Abstract Why is the free indirect style such a useful narrative means to portray characters' minds in fictional texts? This article gives more insight into this phenomenon by analyzing texts from earlier times. Previous studies state that the free indirect style for the representation of thoughts emerged in Dutch literary prose in the 19th century. However, this article shows that the roots of this technique were already present in 17th century Dutch popular literature novels. The analysis of these novels provides us with more insight into this phenomenon. Before the emergence of free indirect style, the most common form for the representation of a character's consciousness was direct discourse. The suggestion that the character is ‘thinking out loud' makes this thought representation unnatural, as emotions and feelings are often pre-verbal and wordless. Free indirect style gives the narrator the possibility to formulate that which the character cannot put into words. The free indirect style allows the author to merge descriptions of events and actions with the character's inner life, feelings, questions and wishes without a change in the narrative style when it comes to personal pronouns and tense.

Gender Difference in the Use of Thought Representation—A Corpus-Based Study

This study (Note 1) investigates potential differences in language use between genders, by applying a modified model of thought representation. Our hypothesis is that women use more direct forms of thought representation than men in modern spoken British English. Women are said to favour “private speech” that creates intimacy and nearness through discourse, which involves direct forms of speech, and thought, representation. Men are said to prefer a more distancing “public speech” style, in order to maintain independence and to hold and negotiate status, which often involves the display of skill and knowledge. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we examine a slightly modified form of the Lancaster SW & TP Spoken corpus, which has been tagged for the full spectrum of the primary categories of thought representation. The results of this study prove our thesis to be correct, there are statistically highly significant differences between the genders’ use of direct forms of thought representation. British women use the direct forms more than their male counterparts. This greater use of direct thought categories in their daily discourse depicts a lucidity and consciousness, supposedly faithfully repeating the actual thoughts of the speaker, and it often occurs in a moment of heightened emotional or cognitive state. Therefore, because women seem to be able to express their emotions more lucidly then men, and are more inclined to express their thoughts in more detail, they tend to use more direct forms of thought representation than men in daily discourse.

Narrative Temporality and Slowed Scene: The Interaction of Event and Thought Representation in Ian McEwan’s Fiction

. . . [I]t was his sayings one remembered; his eyes, his pocket-knife, his smile, his grumpiness and, when millions of things had utterly vanished— how strange it was!—a few sayings like this about cabbages. She stiffened a little on the kerb, waiting for Durtnall’s van to pass. A charming woman, Scrope Purvis thought her (knowing her as one does know people who live next door to one in Westminster); a touch of the bird about her, of the jay, blue-green, light, vivacious, though she was over fifty, and grown very white since her illness. There she perched, never seeing him, waiting to cross, very upright. For having lived in Westminster—how many years now? over twenty,— one feels even in the midst of the traffic, or waking at night, Clarissa was positive, a particular hush, or solemnity; an indescribable pause; a suspense (but that might be her heart, affected, they said, by influenza) before Big Ben strikes. There! Out it boomed. First a warning, musical; then the hour, irrevocable. The leaden circles dissolved in the air. Such fools we are, she thought, crossing Victoria Street. (Woolf, Mrs Dalloway 3–4) * * * . . . “It can’t be as bad as where we’ve been,” Fezzik snapped, and down he went.

Improving of Junior High School Visual Thinking Representation Ability in Mathematical Problem Solving by CTL

The students' difficulty which was found is in the problem of understanding, drawing diagrams, reading the charts correctly, conceptual formal mathematical understanding, and mathematical problem-solving. The appropriate problem representation is the basic way in order to understand the problem itself and make a plan to solve it. This research was the experimental classroom design with a pretest-posttest control in order to increase the representation of visual thinking ability on mathematical problem-solving approach with contextual learning. The research instrument was a test, observation, and interviews. Contextual approach increases of mathematical representations ability increases in students with high initial category, medium, and low compared to conventional approaches.