Representation Of Ethnic Minorities Research Articles

Racial and ethnic minority representation in dementia risk factor research: a scoping review of cohort studies

BackgroundDespite a potentially greater burden of dementia, racial and ethnic minority populations around the world may be more likely to be excluded from research examining risk factors for incident dementia....

Ethnicity in neuro-oncology research: How are we doing and how can we do better?

This study systematically reviews and meta-analyses the extent of ethnic minority representation in neuro-oncology Phase III and IV clinical trials, explores the effect of ethnicity on outcomes, and identifies predictors for the inclusion of ethnicity data in publications. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, on Phase III and IV trials in neuro-oncology that reported on adult and/or paediatric subjects. Through meta-analysis, we synthesized information on overall survival, event-free survival, and the incidence of adverse outcomes across ethnicities. From 448 identified articles, a fraction reported ethnicity data, with an even smaller number providing outcome data stratified by ethnicity. Most study participants were identified as White, underscoring a significant underrepresentation of minorities. Our meta-analysis did not reveal significant outcome differences by ethnicity, which may be attributed to the limited and inadequate reporting of data. Predictors for including ethnicity data were identified, including trials in North America(OR2.39, 95%CI 1.18-5.12, p < 0.02),trials of drugs or biologic agents(OR 5.28, 95%CI 1.43-3.42, p < 0.05),and trials funded by charities(OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.04-5.27, p < 0.05) or pharmaceutical companies(OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.60-10.0, p < 0.005). The underrepresentation of minorities in neuro-oncology clinical trials and the inadequately characterized impact of ethnicity on treatment outcomes highlight a critical need for more inclusive recruitment strategies and improved reporting standards. Change is necessary to ensure trials reflect the diversity of the patient population, which is essential for developing tailored strategies and improving outcomes. Future research should prioritize understanding the role of ethnicity in neuro-oncology to facilitate personalized treatment approaches.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Ethnic and Religious Minority Representation in Newspapers in Pakistan

Critical Discourse Analysis of Ethnic and Religious Minority Representation in Newspapers in Pakistan

Media representation of ethnic minorities in Pakistani newspapers

AbstractPakistani is a diverse society, and media are vital in highlighting their identity, presence, and contributions. Newspapers play a pivotal role in shaping perceptions of ethnic minorities, highlighting the need for impartial and responsible journalism. This study examines the role of newspapers in this context, focusing on the portrayal of ethnic minorities through a content analysis of 84 news articles from leading Pakistani Urdu‐language newspapers (Daily Jang, Daily Express and Daily Khabrain) to scrutinise the portrayal of ethnic minorities. The study aims to uncover the patterns and themes in the portrayal of these communities. Findings reveal that patterns in coverage allocation, with Christians dominating news coverage compared to other religious groups. The portrayal of non‐Muslim groups is predominantly positive, yet the articles featured anti‐Ahmadi content, reflecting complexity. The findings emphasise the well‐being of minorities, showcasing a positive trend. The news articles accentuated the positive contributions of non‐Muslims, and a significant majority (85.7%) covered religious events of minority groups. Positive representation aligns with societal discourse acknowledging diverse contributions and cultural expressions. Critical inquiry is prompted by editorial decisions, journalistic priorities, and societal dynamics shaping media narratives.

Ethnic minority MPs as reputational shields? How Western European political parties respond to public opinion shifts on immigration policy

Abstract In recent decades, representation of ethnic minorities increased significantly across Europe, while concurrently many political parties moved to the right on multiculturalism and immigration, a seeming paradox. We explain it by arguing that often it is the same parties that move to the right and simultaneously increase representation. They use this dual strategy in an attempt to positionally converge to the median voter, where the increased minority representation acts as a reputational shield to prevent allegations of intolerance. Looking at parliaments of eight European countries between 1990 and 2015, we find that parties that shifted to the right in response to a public mood swing to the right are indeed significantly more likely to bring more ethnic minority politicians into parliament. This has important implications for the literature on descriptive representation and party platform change.

(198) Gaps in Patient Representation for Peyronie’s Disease Clinical Trials

Abstract Introduction Recent studies have highlighted the lack of generalizability of clinical trials with respect to patient race and ethnicity for urologic diseases due to inadequate recruitment and reporting of racial and ethnic minority populations in clinical trials. To date, there have been no studies examining the diversity of patients with Peyronie’s disease recruited to clinical trials. Objective The objective of this study was to identify disparities in representation of patients in PD clinical trials relating to race and ethnicity. Methods A systematic electronic search of the published English literature was performed to identify clinical trials involving PD. The search was performed using the Medline/Pubmed, Ovid, and Embase databases. After articles were identified, they were screened based on their title and abstract. Articles were included if they were in English, relevant to Peyronie’s disease and specified clinical trial in the title or abstract. Exclusion criteria were articles about congenital penile curvature, systematic reviews, pooled analysis, and articles not in the English language. Results Of the 48 articles included in the analysis, 10 of them reported race, ethnicity, or sexual orientation. All 10 studies reported enrollment of Caucasian men, with Caucasian men making up 98.0% of the enrolled population across these 10 studies. Enrollment of African-American men were was reported in six of the 10 studies and constituted 2.6% of the enrollees. Enrollment of Asian men were was reported in three studies and comprised of 0.7% of the patients in those studies. Enrollment of American Indian/Native American men were was reported in a single study and made up 0.2% of patients enrolled in that study. Hispanic ethnicity was the only ethnicity reported and was available in five studies with of 4.0% of men reported as Hispanic across those studies. Only two studies reported the sexual orientation of patients. Five of the 10 studies that reported race enrolled patients exclusively from the United States. A pooled analysis from these 5 studies revealed that Caucasian men were significantly overrepresented and all other racial and ethnic groups were significantly underrepresented (p &amp;lt; .05). Conclusions In conclusion there is a lack of representation of multiple racial and ethnic minorities with PD along with the over-representation of Caucasian men. Aside from the lack of reporting of racial and ethnic information, there was a dearth of information on sexual orientation of men in these clinical trials. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Coloplast, Boston Scientific.

United States-Based Colorectal Cancer Surgical Trials Lack Representation and Adequate Reporting of Racially and Ethnically Diverse Participants: Systematic Review and Regression Analysis.

Despite the established National Institute of Health Revitalization Act, which aims to include ethnic and racial minority representation in surgical trials, racial and ethnic enrollment disparities persist. To assess the proportion of patients from minority races and ethnicities that are included in colorectal cancer surgical trials and reporting characteristics. Search was performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central. Inclusion criteria included 1) trials performed in the United States between January 1, 2000, and May 30, 2022; 2) patients with colorectal cancer diagnosis; and 3) surgical intervention, technique, or postoperative outcome. Trials evaluating chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other nonsurgical interventions were excluded. Pooled proportion and regression analysis was performed to identify the proportion of patients by race and ethnicity included in surgical trials and the association of year of publication and funding source. Proportion of trials reporting race and ethnicity and proportion of participants by race and ethnicity included in surgical trials. We screened 10,673 unique publications, of which 80 were examined in full text. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Ten (66.7%) trials did not report race, 3 reported races as a proportion of White participants only, and 3 reported 3 or more races. There was no description of ethnicity in 11 (73.3%) trials, with 2 describing "non-Caucasian" as ethnicity and 2 describing only Hispanic ethnicity. Pooled proportion of White participants was 81.3%, of Black participants was 6.2%, of Asian participants was 3.6%, and of Hispanic participants was 3.5%. A small number of studies was identified that reported racial or ethnic characteristics of their participants. Both race and ethnicity are severely underreported in colorectal cancer surgical trials. To improve outcomes and ensure the inclusion of vulnerable populations in innovative technologies and novel treatments, reporting must be closely monitored.

ЕТНІЧНИЙ СКЛАД НАСЕЛЕННЯ ОКРУЖНИХ ЦЕНТРІВ СХІДНОГО ПОДІЛЛЯ: МОГИЛЕВА ТА ТУЛЬЧИНА (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ПЕРЕПИСУ НАСЕЛЕННЯ 1926 РОКУ)

One the base on the statistical materials of the 1926 census author prepaid tables containing information on the number, ethnic composition and territorial location of the population of Mohyliv and Tulchyn districts as a whole and district centers of Mohyliv and Tulchyn. It has been proven that the Ukrainians composed the absolute majority among the total population of Mohyliv and Tulchyn district and a relative majority among the entire population of Mohyliv and Tulchyn. It was established that the absolute majority of the entire population, Ukrainians and ethnic minorities lived in districts outside the district centers, and the level of urbanization of the population remained rather insignificant. Therefore, the ethnic composition of the population of both of these districts could be quite significant differ from the ethnic composition of the population of both district centers. It was determined that the average of the entire population of Mohyliv and Tulchyn, the level of the share of Jews who mostly lived in cities, and the level of the share of other ethnic minorities was insignificant. Among the rural population of both of these districts, the absolute majority was Ukrainians, and the level territorial representation of ethnic minorities was minimal. That is, they were observed there are noticeable differences in the ethnic composition of the population of the district centers and districts of the East Podillia: Mohylivska and Tulchynska districts. This makes it possible to emphasize the fact that ethnic composition and territorial location of the population in the districts of Eastern Podillia quite noticeably differed in the urban and agrarian settlement environment. After all, the absolute majority of Ukrainians in rural areas among the entire population in rural areas changed to a relative majority among the entire population of urban environment. Instead, the opposite trends were observed in relation to ethnic groups minorities. Their share among the entire population in the agrarian environment was insignificant, however, among the total population in the urban environment, ethnic minorities constituted a much larger share compared to rural areas, where only dispersed residents lived individual representatives of ethnic minorities.

(Nie)zbędność zmian – serialowe adaptacje komiksów w perspektywie przekładu kulturowego (na przykładzie Sandmana i Wednesday)

A (NON-)NECESSITY OF CHANGE – SERIAL COMIC BOOK ADAPTATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CULTURAL TRANSLATION (USING SANDMAN AND WEDNESDAY AS EXAMPLES)The article analyses the changes made in adaptations of comic books compared to the original, using the examples of the Netflix TV shows: Sandman and Wednesday. These reflections have their origin in cultural translation and are related to issues important to contemporary (pop) culture, such as: character creation, representation of sexual and ethnic minorities, and the role and position of women in American society. The author examines the types of modifications introduced in intersemiotic and intralingual translations and indicates their possible sources (social need and/or pressure from external institutions).

Representing diversity in a liberal democracy: a case study of Australia

ABSTRACT Political representation of ethnic minorities in a liberal democratic system is a crucial step towards having the interests of ethnic minority groups heard. The under-representation of ethnic minorities in a political institution can exacerbate inequality between majority and minority populations and increase feelings of alienation among minority groups. As a country observing increasing ethnic diversity, Australia saw record-level ethnic minority candidates elected in the 2022 federal election. However, the shares of candidates and elected Members of Parliaments with ethnic minority backgrounds are still much lower than their relative shares in the population. In this regard, Australia has lagged behind other major settler countries. In this paper, we examine the political representation of ethnic minorities in Australia’s federal election. Drawing on data from the 2022 federal election and 2021 population census, we find a positive association between ethnic minority concentration and ethnic representation. However, for the two major parties, ethnic minority candidates are less likely to be in safe seats, even when the seat observes high ethnic minority concentration. Findings suggest that ethnic voting is evident but it is perhaps too early to celebrate higher levels of ethnic representation in Australian politics as political parties act as gatekeepers in safe seats.

A New Dilemma of Social Democracy? The British Labour Party, the White Working Class and Ethnic Minority Representation

Abstract Like much of the European centre-left, Britain's Labour Party has struggled to appeal to its former core working class support base in recent years. However, this is largely a failure to connect with the ‘white working class’ (WWC) specifically, whereas support among ethnic minorities remains robust. We hypothesise that Labour could be experiencing a ‘trade-off’, whereby efforts to cater to minorities harm its perceived ability to represent WWC interests. We test this thesis by examining whether WWC voters are more likely to view minority and working class representation in zero-sum terms and shun Labour when they associate the party with minority interests. We show that the WWC are somewhat less likely to view working class and ethnic minority representation as strongly correlated, and Labour's perceived ability to represent minorities is negatively associated with WWC support. This is not (primarily) about ethnocentrism. Instead, we suggest that ‘relative political deprivation’ is crucial.

Do Danish voters discriminate against women and ethnic minority candidates? Insights from a survey experiment

Representation of women and ethnic minorities is a recurring topic in connection with Danish elections. One possible explanation for the consistent underrepresentation is that voters evaluate women and ethnic minority candidates less favorably than men with an ethnic Danish background. Theoretically, this possibility might be particularly pronounced among conservative voters high in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Analyses from a survey experiment with 1116 representative Danish citizens show that Danes, on average, do not evaluate women and ethnic minority candidates less favorably. However, nuanced exploratory analyses show that growing SDO and conservatism cause voters to evaluate ethnic minority candidates more negatively, while a similar pattern does not obtain with respect to candidate gender. Consequently, issues about underrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities relate differently to SDO and political ideology. The theoretical and normative implications of the results are discussed.

Ethnic Minorities in Advertising

The literature on diversity suffers from several shortcomings, leading to conflicting views or unjustified beliefs about ethnic minorities in advertising. Evidence is needed to show whether advertising has indeed become more ethnically diverse over time, whether any cultural differences exist, and whether ethnic diversity in advertising in new media differs from that in traditional media advertisements. Building on extant research and social role theory, this study provides two empirical studies, a meta-analysis and content analysis, and questions commonly held beliefs in the diversity literature. The findings show that any increase in ethnic minority representation in advertising is fully captured by the fact that ethnic minorities in the general population have increased and that relevant changes have occurred only in Eastern societies where the overrepresentation of the white minority has decreased. Ethnic minorities are well represented in online and TV media but not in print media. Except for the product use of ethnic minority endorsers, stereotyping prevails and barely differs between old and new media. These findings have implications for both researchers and advertisers.

A war on prejudice: The role of media salience in reducing ethnic prejudice.

Ethnic prejudice poses a great challenge to the cohesion of current multicultural societies. Prior research has found that media portrayals of immigration-related issues might skew individual attitudes and feelings toward ethnic minorities. While these studies have focused on negative representations of ethnic minorities, less is known about the effects of media reports of unfortunate events affecting the victims of war, as in the case of the Ukrainian group in the Russia-Ukraine war. Therefore, the current research aims to examine whether media salience of this situation might change adolescents' ethnic prejudice against the Ukrainian minority. A total of 1016 ethnic-majority Italian adolescents (Mage = 15.66, SDage = 1.17, 49.61% females) completed online questionnaires during school hours before (T1: January/February 2022) and after (T2: April/May 2022) the Russia-Ukraine war onset. Additionally, the media salience of the war was quantified separately for the national newspaper and Twitter. Levels of prejudice significantly decreased from T1 to T2 for multiple ethnic minority groups but especially so for the Ukrainian group. The results of bivariate Latent Change Score models highlighted that increased salience of the war in the national newspaper was significantly associated with decreased prejudice against Ukrainians, regardless of adolescents' levels of self-reported newspaper consumption. Conversely, changes in the salience of the war on Twitter were not associated with changes in prejudice. These findings highlight the importance of media attention for the war's victims in skewing individuals' outgroup perceptions and feelings.

Racial Disparities and Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients Above 65 Years in America: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aims to examine the racial disparities and outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) in patients above 65 years in America. The review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020 and includes a comprehensive search strategy, study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The search strategy identified 10 relevant articles that were included in the review. The findings indicate that racial disparities exist in access to PCI, door-to-balloon (DTB) time, procedure utilization, and outcomes among elderly patients. African American and Hispanic patients were found to experience longer door-to-balloon time and lower rates of PCI utilization compared to White patients. Moreover, racial and ethnic minorities had worse clinical outcomes, including higher mortality rates and increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. The review also highlights the impact of Medicaid expansion on reducing disparities in access, treatment, and outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, limitations in data availability and representation of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials were identified. The discussion section provides a robust analysis of the findings, exploring potential underlying factors contributing to the observed disparities. The review concludes that addressing racial disparities in PCI outcomes among elderly patients is crucial for achieving equitable healthcare delivery and improving cardiovascular health outcomes in America.

The under-representation of minority ethnic groups in academic general practice.

General practice has a diverse training programme. It is majority female (57%) and more than half of all trainees are from an ethnic minority, according to the GMC workforce report 2022. However, we are not seeing the same representation of ethnic minorities in academic general practice, with 85.1% of GP professors being White. To determine if ethnic minorities are fairly represented in general practice academia, using the National Academic GP Training Conferences as a proxy. The programmes of the last five National Academic GP Training Conferences were searched and demographic information about the speakers was sought through online sources. Data were compared to demographic data available of non-academic GPs. A freedom of information request was made to Health Education England (HEE) to determine the demographic data of GP academic clinical fellows (ACF). Between the years of 2018 and 2022 there was an average of 40 speakers at the conference. The majority of speakers were White females, appearing an average of 20.2 times. Black females were the least represented, appearing an average of 0.4 times. Data available from HEE on the demographics of new ACFs for 2022 revealed that 27 (71%) of the 38 (excluding 5 who did not state their ethnicity) were White. With such a diverse training scheme, we need to have a better representation of ethnic minorities in GP academia. There is a clear problem recruiting or attracting people from ethnic minorities to an academic career and work needs to be done to understand and overcome those barriers.

Clinical trial enrollment in a Hispanic-majority NCI-designated cancer center: The Mays Cancer Center experience over 10 years.

e18551 Background: There is a perpetual lack of representation in clinical trial enrollment among minorities. In 2013, the former Cancer Therapy and Research Center (CTRC) at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio implemented the Minority Accrual Plan (MAP) to address the challenge of deliberately enrolling minority subjects in clinical trials (CT). The objective of the present study was to describe the racial and ethnic minority representation in CT conducted, at the now Mays Cancer Center (MCC), from years 2012-2021. The MCC is an NCI designated cancer center, that serves a Hispanic (HI) enriched catchment area of 5.1 million people of South Texas. Methods: This is a descriptive analysis of patients enrolled in CT at the MCC from years (y) 2012 to 2021. Patients were enrolled in either interventional treatment (IT), interventional non-treatment (INT), or non-interventional/observational (NI) CT. Variables analyzed included ethnicity, payment class, disease site, and county of origin. Results: We identified a total of 14661 patients with various tumor types who were enrolled in CT at the MCC. A total of 7019 patients (48%) were HI, 6590 patients (45%) were Non-Hispanics (NH), and 1062 (7%) patients did not report ethnicity data. The majority of patients were enrolled on NI (67%), followed by INT (18%) and IT (15%) CT. Overall, the highest enrolled disease sites were genitourinary (40%), breast (11%) and pediatric (7%) cancers. Most patients were self-pay (27%) or had Medicare (27%), whereas 19% of patients had commercial insurance and 7% had CareLink. Enrollment of HI has fluctuated over the years; 4333 HI patients were enrolled from 2012-2016, this decreased to 2686 in the following 2017-2021 period. Overall, 26% of patients were from rural locations, while 74% were from urban locations. The number of rural CT participants was greater in Val Verde (298), Kerr (272), Uvalde (163), and Frio (103) counties. Conclusions: HI continue to be disproportionately enrolled in CT. In 2012, and prior to the implementation of the MAP, 45% of the patients enrolled in clinical trials were HI. In the past 10 years, over 7000 HI patients have participated in CT, even though there have been some fluctuations in accruals rates over the past years, such as in the 2017-2021 period where the COVID-19 pandemic affected enrollment rates. This study validates the notion that better, and perhaps different approaches are needed to improve minority enrollment in CT. Finally, we conclude that the uniqueness of our geographic location did not positively impact HI enrollments. [Table: see text]

NUMBER AND ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF THE KOLONTAI DISTRICT OF THE KHARKIV DISTRICT (ACCORDING TO THE CENSUS OF THE 1926 POPULATION CENSUS)

Based on the analysis of statistical materials of the 1926 census, a study of the population and ethnic composition of the population of the Kolontaiv district of the Kharkiv district was conducted. The number and ethnic composition of the population of each of the 10 village councils of this district have been determined. The population in 1926 of each of the 31 settlements of the district, the average population of one village council, one rural settlement and one rural household were determined. It has been proved that the key feature of the population of Kolontaiv district and all its 10 village councils remained its ethnic homogeneity - absolute dominance in the number of Ukrainians against the background of minimal territorial representation of ethnic minorities dispersed.

Minority Ethnic Staff in Universities: Organisational Commitments, Reputation and the (Re)structuring of the Staff Body

This article problematises whether organisational commitments impact the representation of ethnic minorities in the university workforce. In doing so, it considers the institutional context and the broader restructuring of universities’ personnel. The analysis is based on a longitudinal dataset of 120 universities, including university-level indicators of organisational commitments, institutional characteristics and ethnic minority staff numbers. The findings reveal that while on average, universities that are members of the Race Equality Charter exhibit higher shares of minority ethnic staff in higher-level contracts compared with those universities that are not members, joining the charter does not make a university more inclusive. Importantly, the share of minority ethnic staff is substantially lower in elite universities compared with all other universities, which indicates tensions between inclusion and university reputation. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance to sociological institutionalist and organisational theories, and to higher education policy.

89P Inclusion of racial and ethnic minorities in European breast cancer clinical trials

Breast cancer outcome, drug response and adverse effects vary significantly among races in the USA, with Black women being the most disproportionately burdened. However, recent reports are pointing out a significant underrepresentation of minorities, especially Black and Hispanic, in American clinical trials. Among breast cancer trials leading to FDA drug approval, race was reported in 66.67% and 75.70% White, 15.52% Asian, 3.73% Hispanic and 2.10% Black patients were enrolled. There is no such analysis though about the situation in Europe. The aim of this study is to assess the representation of racial and ethnic minorities in the population enrolled in clinical trials for breast cancer pharmacological treatments in Europe. PubMed and ClinicalTrials databases were systematically reviewed for clinical trials on drug efficacy for breast cancer. Phase II and III clinical trials conducted exclusively in Europe with at least 250 participants and results published within 2010-2022 were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were applied. Ninety-seven clinical trials with a total of 113,045 patients were included. Patient race or ethnicity was reported in the patient demographics of only 10 (10.31%) articles. The lack of racial background data or ethnic diversity in their trial was acknowledged by three additional authors (3.1%). There were no substantial differences in race reporting trends depending on study phase (2/14 of phase II trials and 8/80 phase III trials). Among the 12,179 (10.77%) patients with available race data, 92.65% of patients were White/Caucasian, 1.08% were Asian and 0.88% Black. 3.20% identified as Hispanic/Latino (partially overlapping with the White population). Additionally, Europe’s largest ethnic minority, the Roma, is not mentioned in any of the included studies. Despite the proven correlation of race with breast cancer outcome, this study reports a concerningly low Black and Asian patient enrolment in European breast cancer trials compared to reports from corresponding analyses in the United States. These observations highlight the need for stricter guidelines for race and ethnicity reporting and inclusion in cancer clinical trials to match the diversity of the European population.