Design Representation Research Articles

Development of biography information system based on semantic web using biography ontology: Requirement phase

The development of the research world is increasingly proven by the integration of supporting technologies, including applications for referral processes, data processing, online journals, journal indexes, and many other applications. Some of these applications, of course, apply web technologies including the semantic web. The purpose of this study is to know which areas of interest and research are being or have been done, provide explanations related to the fields of research, education, personal, awards and a number of other things. This study develops biographical ontologies that are applied to biographical information systems using qualitative methods of analyzing the requirement of biographical ontologies and developing biographical ontology models. The results of this study are the initial phases in the form of the requirement for biographical ontologies that are implemented in biographical ontology models and represent representations of biographical information system designs.

Electricity Market Empowered by Artificial Intelligence: A Platform Approach

Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and algorithms are increasingly being utilized in energy and renewable research to tackle various engineering problems. However, a majority of the AI studies in the energy domain have been focusing on solving specific technical issues. There is limited discussion on how AI can be utilized to enhance the energy system operations, particularly the electricity market, with a holistic view. The purpose of the study is to introduce the platform architectural logic that encompasses both technical and economic perspectives to the development of AI-enabled energy platforms for the future electricity market with massive and distributed renewables. A constructive and inductive approach for theory building is employed for the concept proposition of the AI energy platform by using the aggregated data from a European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 project and a Finnish national innovation project. Our results are presented as a systemic framework and high-level representation of the AI-enabled energy platform design with four integrative layers that could enable not only value provisioning but also value utilization for a distributed energy system and electricity market as the new knowledge and contribution to the extant research. Finally, the study discusses the potential use cases of the AI-enabled energy platform.

Architecture meets computation: an overview of the evolution of computational design approaches in architecture

ABSTRACTArchitecture has always embraced innovative ideas, materials, and techniques. Contemporary architecture is no exception. The emerging computation-based design approaches, known as Computational Design (CD), differ significantly from the previous ones since they ground the design representation in its computational logic instead of its geometric aspects. CD is changing both design theory and practice, but most architects are not yet aware of its impact. To promote a more critical view, while further improving its future application, this paper analyses the course of CD from its origin until today by (1) explaining its evolution since the early 60s, (2) discussing the advancements in CD tools during that period, (3) presenting architectural projects and events that explored CD, and (4) providing a chronology of CD literature. It concludes that, as it happened in the past, technological developments continue to shape architectural theory and practice and, simultaneously, are guided by their needs and aspirations.

PLATON: Developing a Graphical Lesson Planning System for Prospective Teachers

Lesson planning is both an important and demanding task—especially as part of teacher training. This paper presents the requirements for a lesson planning system and evaluates existing systems regarding these requirements. One major drawback of existing software tools is that most are limited to a text- or form-based representation of the lesson designs. In this article, a new approach with a graphical, time-based representation with (automatic) analyses methods is proposed and the system architecture and domain model are described in detail. The approach is implemented in an interactive, web-based prototype called PLATON, which additionally supports the management of lessons in units as well as the modelling of teacher and student-generated resources. The prototype was evaluated in a study with 61 prospective teachers (bachelor’s and master’s preservice teachers as well as teacher trainees in post-university teacher training) in Berlin, Germany, with a focus on usability. The results show that this approach proofed usable for lesson planning and offers positive effects for the perception of time and self-reflection.

Reduced-order models for piezoelectric systems

Large-scale analysis of transducer arrays usually requires detailed, high-resolution modeling to represent the coupling effects of piezoelectric, elastic, and fluid media. However, reduced-order models, in the form of low-DOF lumped-parameter engineering models remain essential for system design. Here, we show how to bridge the gap between these model classes by deriving a simple means to compute the modes of an arbitrary piezoelectric system. Our approach exploits the intrinsic disparity in time scale between the electric and elastic fields to reduce the coupled problem into an augmented, elastic-only, system of equations. This system is shown to have the same mathematical characteristics as the elastic system, insofar as no new singularities appear. The piezoelectric-elastic modal system is fully general, and compatible with large-scale finite element representations of complex transducer designs. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the modal analysis.

Representation of sustainability concept in prospective biology teacher learning

Fulfillment of sustainability skills competencies in the 21st century and industrial revolution 4.0, it gives important consequences to prepare teacher candidates who can implement the concept of sustainability in learning on the material they design. This study aims to describe the way prospective biology teacher students translate the understanding of sustainability in pedagogy which is shown in the representation of learning designs made. Ten prospective biology teacher students were recruited to participate in a workshop on learning that contained the concept of sustainability. Conception and awareness about sustainability are measured before and after the program takes place using a predetermined sustainability definition framework. Sustainability representation analysis is carried out qualitatively, seen from the learning plan made and observation real teaching using video. The results obtained show a variety of sustainability representation patterns from those that appear in the form of "mosaics" that are separated until connected and integrated, at the level of only information until the activities carried out by students. Sustainability charge quality that looks comparable to the increase in conception and sustainability awareness obtained by each candidate of biology teacher. The conclusion of this study is the representation of consept sustainability understanding in prospective biology teacher learning has shown suitable harmony among the three main perspectives on sustainability, seen to reach 80% of the workshop participants.

Effect of the number of design variables in thickness optimization of concrete barrel roof shells using evolutionary algorithms

This study looks into some practical implications of using evolutionary algorithms for optimization of free-form concrete shells in search of methods for automating design representation and determining the number of design variables. This study reports the insights and learnings from a set of numerical experiments, by changing the number of parameters, on thickness optimization of a barrel roof shell subjected to self-weight, an additional snow load, and an earthquake response spectrum. The practical advantages and challenges of two methods, parametric and direct representations, are analysed, and a spectrum of methods between these two extremes are investigated through experiments. The results demonstrate how changing the number of variables affects the quality of the design and the performance of the algorithm and why a systematic problem-dependent method for finding the best design representation and number of variables outside this spectrum can be beneficial.

Thermal resistance matrix representation of thermal effects and thermal design of microwave power HBTs with two-dimensional array layout**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61006059 and 61774012), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 4143059), Beijing Municipal Education Committee, China (Grant No. KM201710005027), Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Beijing, China (Grant No. 2015ZZ-11), China Postdoctoral

Based on the thermal network of the two-dimensional heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) array, the thermal resistance matrix is presented, including the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance to describe the self-heating and thermal coupling effects, respectively. For HBT cells along the emitter length direction, the thermal coupling resistance is far smaller than the self-heating thermal resistance, and the peak junction temperature is mainly determined by the self-heating thermal resistance. However, the thermal coupling resistance is in the same order with the self-heating thermal resistance for HBT cells along the emitter width direction. Furthermore, the dependence of the thermal resistance matrix on cell spacing along the emitter length direction and cell spacing along the emitter width direction is also investigated, respectively. It is shown that the moderate increase of cell spacings along the emitter length direction and the emitter width direction could effectively lower the self-heating thermal resistance and thermal coupling resistance, and hence the peak junction temperature is decreased, which sheds light on adopting a two-dimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout to improve the uneven temperature distribution. By taking a 2 × 6 HBTs array for example, a two-dimensional non-uniform cell spacing layout is designed, which can effectively lower the peak junction temperature and reduce the non-uniformity of the dissipated power. For the HBTs array with optimized layout, the high power-handling capability and thermal dissipation capability are kept when the bias voltage increases.

Integrating the Mechanical Domain into Seed Approach

AbstractData-driven technologies have found their way into all areas of engineering. In product development they can accelerate the customization to individualized requirements. Therefore, they need a database that exceeds common product data management systems. The creation of this database proves to be challenging because in addition to explicit standards and regulations the product design contains implicit knowledge of product developers. Hence, this paper presents an approach for the semantic integration of the engineering design (SeED). The goal is an automated design of an ontology, which represents the product design in detail.SeED fulfils two tasks. First, the ontology provides a machine-processable representation of the products design, which enables all kind of data-driven technologies. Among other representations, the ontology contains formal logics and semantics. Accordingly, it is a more comprehensible solution for product developers and knowledge engineers. Second, the detailed representation enables discovering of intrinsic knowledge, e.g. design patterns in product generations. Consequently, SeED is a novel approach for efficient semantic integration of the product design.

Investigating the Impact of Spatial Augmented Reality on Communication between Design Session Participants - A Pilot Study

AbstractSAR provides an unobtrusive implementation of AR and enables multiple stakeholders to observe and interact with an augmented physical model. This is synonymous with co-design activities and hence, there is a potential for SAR to have a significant impact in the way design teams may set-up and run their co-design activities in the future. Whilst there are a growing number of studies which apply SAR to design activities, few studies exist that examine a particular element of a design activity in a controlled manner. This paper will begin to fill this gap through the controlled study of SAR and its effects on the communication between participants of a co-design activity. To do so the paper compares a controlled design session, using more traditional methods of design representations (3D models on a screen), to sessions run using SAR. The sessions are then analysed to gather information on the gestures used by the participants as well as the overall efficiency of the participants at completing the set design task. The paper concludes that the data gathered tentatively supports a link between the use of SAR and improved communication between design session participants.

뇌 과학 이론에 기초한 보편적 학습설계 표상의 원리 및 교수 전략 탐색

뇌 과학 이론에 기초한 보편적 학습설계 표상의 원리 및 교수 전략 탐색

Curvature-bounded guided subdivision: Biquartics vs bicubics

A sequence of C2-connected nested subdivision rings of polynomial degree bi-4 can be made to follow a guide surface and completed by a tiny finite cap to serve as a refinable surface representation for design and analysis (Karčiauskas and Peters, 2018) . This raises the question, both of academic and practical interest, how much and at what cost to surface quality can the efficiency be improved by lowering the number of rings and/or the polynomial degree.In a systematic exploration, a new bi-4 construction is discovered that requires half the number of surface rings but matches the quality of (Karčiauskas and Peters, 2018). For this surface quality, numerous trials indicate that this number of surface rings is minimal and that the degree cannot be reduced. Bi-3 constructions with a similar layout have inferior highlight line distributions – although the best of the new bi-3 constructions visibly improve on Catmull–Clark subdivision and its curvature-bounded variants.

Planning for commoning: Design research into the terrils of Charleroi

The aim of this paper is to explain why and how to bridge the distance between environmental planning and practices of commoning. Though commoning has become a cornerstone of environmental planning theories, there are shortcomings in its link with actual practices. Inversely, though the practice of commoning faces social and environmental challenges at a large scale, links with environmental panning theories are underdeveloped. One of the reasons for these missing links is a difference in approach to space and its representation in design. Planning theories are based on ‘strategical’ plans, while practices of commoning rather use ‘tactical’ images. This paper argues why and how planning theories and the practice of commoning should be linked, by analyzing the transformation of the terrils (spoil tips) of Charleroi, Belgium. Design research into this landscape illustrates how combining ‘strategical’ and ‘tactical’ design tools may help overcome current shortages.

Visualization, participation and rhetoric: The discursive power of landscape design representations in participatory processes

Visual landscape design representations facilitate communication and knowledge exchange during participatory planning and design processes. The production of representations is considered to be a discursive act: actors and institutions construct knowledge with a certain authority and credibility through the use of visual expression. We aim to study the context in which the production of representations is embedded and how this context manifests itself in the communicative qualities of design representations. We present a visual discourse analysis of landscape design representations, employing empirical examples from the transdisciplinary design competition Rebuild by Design. The analysis uncovers interdependencies among three components of the visual discourse: the arrangement of participatory processes, media interactivity and the visual rhetoric embedded in the composition and style of the image. A conscious use of these discursive components could help prevent miscommunication, manage participant expectations and increase the validity of participatory design process outcomes.

Immersogeometric analysis of compressible flows with application to aerodynamic simulation of rotorcraft

We present an immersogeometric analysis (IMGA) approach for the simulation of compressible flows around complex geometries. In this method, compressible flow simulations are performed directly on various boundary representations (B-reps) of mechanical designs, circumventing the labor-intensive and time-consuming cleanup of complex geometric models. A new formulation for the weak imposition of essential boundary conditions in the context of non-body-fitted meshes is proposed. The formulation employs the non-symmetric Nitsche method, which yields good performance especially when the penalty parameters are difficult to estimate. We test the proposed immersogeometric formulation on benchmark problems for a wide range of Reynolds and Mach numbers, showing its robustness and accuracy. Finally, the methodology is applied to the simulation of a UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter in forward flight, illustrating the ability of the proposed approach to support the design of real-world engineering systems through high-fidelity aerodynamic analysis.

Political Representation In Urban Public Space In Jakarta Child-Friendly Public Space (Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak – RPTRA)

The design of public space often embodies the power and political representation of a specific regime. As urban architecture symbolizes and establishes the identity of a regime, authorities often use a top-down approach to implement urban architectural programs. As a result, the spaces constructed often display power and identity, but lack consideration of public use. Public spaces are often exclusionary for public use. They merely stand for the representation of the authority. Accordingly, many public spaces built by the government are abandoned soon after their launch. Big ceremonies and public space displays only last a few days before these spaces are then closed to the public or appropriated for different uses. Most top-down approaches focus on the physical development, overlooking the users’ inclusion in decision making. This research analyses the political representation of public space design in RPTRA Bahari located in the South Jakarta. It analyses the political reason behind the development of RPTRA in Jakarta and the way participative design approach is employed during the design process to get public engagement in public space. Therefore, it investigates how the political representation is perceived in everyday life by analysing how the public space has been used three years since its launch. Through observation and interviews, this paper interrogates the political representation in urban forms and how public spaces become an arena where the government’s intentions and everyday uses meet. It concludes that a participative, bottom-up approach leads to more public use and engagement.

Communication through design sketches: implications for stakeholder interpretation during concept design

We investigate how stakeholder expertise influences design interpretation derived from intent communication through conceptual design representations. Four types of design sketch are used as stimuli to gather responses from three stakeholder groups: Designers, Managers, Engineers. Physical response derived from an eye-tracking study, together with self-report responses gathered through a card-sorting exercise using semantic differentials, is subjected to qualitative and statistical analysis. Results indicate how expertise implicated response to design intent expressed through the ambiguity of sketch representations, significant differences towards graphic elements of the sketch stimuli, and how stakeholder expertise (i.e. Design, Manager, Engineer) implicated comprehension. Findings are discussed in terms implications for understanding the role and use of sketches in the communication of intent during conceptual design ideation.

Characterizations of indicator functions and contrast representations of fractional factorial designs with multi-level factors

A polynomial indicator function of designs is first introduced by Fontana et al. (2000) for two-level designs. They give the structure of the indicator function of two-level designs, especially from the viewpoints of the orthogonality of the designs. Based on the structure, they use the indicator functions to classify all the orthogonal fractional factorial designs with given sizes using computational algebraic software. In this paper, generalizing the results on two-level designs, the structure of the indicator functions for multi-level designs is derived. We give a system of algebraic equations for the coefficients of indicator functions of fractional factorial designs with given orthogonality. We also give another representation of the indicator function, a contrast representation, which reflects the size and the orthogonality of the corresponding design directly. The contrast representation is determined by a contrast matrix, and does not depend on the level-coding, which is one of the advantages of it. We use these results to classify orthogonal 23×3 designs with strength 2 and orthogonal 24×3 designs with strength 3 by a computational algebraic software.

The Impact of Design Representation on Visual Perception: Comparing Eye-Tracking Data of Architectural Scenes Between Photography and Line Drawing

The Impact of Design Representation on Visual Perception: Comparing Eye-Tracking Data of Architectural Scenes Between Photography and Line Drawing

Involving blind user/experts in architectural design: conception and use of more-than-visual design artefacts

ABSTRACT Architectural design as collaborative practice relies on using representational artefacts. However, these artefacts and their use are prone to a visual bias, which may pose problems in co-designing with vision impaired people. This article studies how we can develop representational artefacts to support a discussion between architects and blind people, and how these artefacts mediate the discussion. We performed a 3-month focussed ethnography using participant observation in an architectural design firm involved in a competition design. In agreement with the architects, we introduced two blind persons as user/expert at distinct moments. Together, we developed and tested visuo-haptic design representations. We analyse how these representations were conceived and used. We first discuss how the representations perceptually and cognitively support verbal and gestural communication. Secondly, we explain why, after having analysed their use in a design meeting, we move from the term ‘tactile model’ to ‘visuo-haptic model’. And thirdly, we discuss how the ownership of the models shifts and how that relates to the ownership of the design. To conclude, visuo-haptic design representations can support aspects of co-design with blind people, but raise further questions regarding the role of representation in co-design in general.