Report Experimental Results Research Articles

Effect of dielectric dispersion on potentised homeopathic medicines

This paper reports dielectric dispersion occurring in potentised homeopathic medicines subjected to variable frequency electric field using an instrumentation method developed by the authors. Oscillations occur in the direction of electric field, and are usually termed longitudinal/acoustic-mode vibrations. The test material was lactose soaked with homeopathic medicine. Multiple resonance frequencies, forming a frequency-set, were observed repeatedly for each medicine. We report experimental results for three potencies of Cuprum metallicum (Cuprum met) in the frequency range of 100kHz-1MHz. Each exhibits a set of resonance frequencies, which may be termed as its characteristic set. As the frequency-set of each medicine is different from those of others, each medicine may, therefore, be identified by its characteristic frequency-set. This suggests that potentised homeopathic medicines, which are chemically identical with the vehicle, differ from one another in the arrangement of vehicle molecules.

The role of hydrogen atoms in interactions involving imidazolium-based ionic liquids

In the first part of this report experimental results are discussed which focus onto the importance of hydrogen atoms in the interaction of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. These include examples for the cation–anion interaction in neat ionic liquids as well as the interactions between ionic liquids and their molecular environment, water in particular. Most of the studies emphasize the importance of the C(2)–H group of the imidazolium ring for the intra- and intermolecular interactions; commonly, the interactions of the type C–H … X (X =: O, halide) are attributed to “hydrogen bonding”. In the second part it is analyzed whether these interactions and their consequences fulfill the criteria set by standard definitions of hydrogen bonding. Two cation–anion co-conformations at the C(2)–H group are found. One co-conformer (in-plane) often resembles a hydrogen bond while the other one (on-top) points to a non-hydrogen bonding behavior. Furthermore, the degree of hydrogen bonding for the in-plane structure is very dependent on the anion. Spatial distribution functions show that, in general, both co-conformations are occupied. However, the question of how long a particular co-conformer is populated in the liquid state has yet to be answered. Therefore, it is concluded that the term “hydrogen bond” should, at present, be treated with care to characterize the cation–anion contacts, because of the above-mentioned difficulties. Once more it must be stressed that oversimplifications and generalizations, even for this subclass of ionic liquids have to be avoided, because these liquids are more complicated than it appears from first sight.

1P1-E01 移動物体検知のための高速三次元距離情報取得システムの構築

In real dynamic environments, it has a big advantage for intelligent motions of service robots to recognize its surrounding 3D environment. Furthermore, detection of moving objects is additional important technology for improvement of robots' motion. Therefore, our research objective is set as a detection of moving objects based on 3D LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging). Typically, 3D LIDAR scanning obtains very accurate environment data, however it takes a time. Therefore, in this research, we developed a high-frequency 3D LIDAR that has a function of variable rotational speed control. In the LIDAR system, the core sensor is Sokuiki sensor produced by HOKUYO AUTOMATIC CO. LTD., and it is rotated up to 3 rps on the rotational table. Using this sensor, moving object can be recognized by the calculus of difference between two adjacent 3D environment data, sequentially. Experimental results verified a validity of our approach in simple environments. In this paper, we explain our development of high-frequency 3D LIDAR, detection method of moving obstacles, and report experimental results of recognition about moving objects.

Low-Loss Y-Branch Waveguides Designed by Wavefront Matching Method

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we describe the procedure for designing low-loss Y-branch waveguides by the wavefront matching (WFM) method, and report experimental results as proof of concept. The designed Y-branches were fabricated using silica-based planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. A Y-branch fabricated with a 0.45%-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex> </formula> waveguide exhibited a low excess loss of less than 0.2 dB over a wide wavelength range of 1250 to 1650 nm. In addition, we demonstrate that the WFM-designed Y-branches enable us to provide compact 1 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> 32 splitters with an average insertion loss of 16.0 dB at a wavelength of 1550 nm. In addition, we present some experimental results obtained using samples with different <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex></formula> values, and show that our design method is more efficient for a higher <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex> </formula> waveguide suitable for functional PLC devices. </para>

A Practical Attack on a Certain Braid Group Based Shifted Conjugacy Authentication Protocol

In this paper we modify the technique of cyclic permutations to work with the shifted conjugacy problem. We apply this technique to design a heuristic attack on the cryptographic authentication scheme based on shifted conjugacy of braids proposed by Dehornoy in [5] and report experimental results.

Depth-of-Field Blur Effects for First-Person Navigation in Virtual Environments

Depth-of-field blur effects are well-known depth cues in human vision. Computer graphics pipelines added DOF effects early to enhance imagery realism, but real-time VR applications haven't yet introduced visual blur effects. The authors describe new techniques to improve blur rendering and report experimental results from a prototype video game implementation.

Regression Level Set Estimation Via Cost-Sensitive Classification

Regression level set estimation is an important yet understudied learning task. It lies somewhere between regression function estimation and traditional binary classification, and in many cases is a more appropriate setting for questions posed in these more common frameworks. This note explains how estimating the level set of a regression function from training examples can be reduced to cost-sensitive classification. We discuss the theoretical and algorithmic benefits of this learning reduction, demonstrate several desirable properties of the associated risk, and report experimental results for histograms, support vector machines, and nearest neighbor rules on synthetic and real data

Adaptively browsing image databases with PIBE

Browsing large image collections is a complex and often tedious task, due to the semantic gap existing between the user subjective notion of similarity and the one according to which a browsing system organizes the images. In this paper we propose PIBE, an adaptive image browsing system, which provides users with a hierarchical view of images (the Browsing Tree) that can be customized according to user preferences. A key feature of PIBE is that it maintains local similarity criteria for each portion of the Browsing Tree. This makes it possible both to avoid costly global reorganization upon execution of user actions and, combined with a persistent storage of the Browsing Tree, to efficiently support multiple browsing tasks. We present the basic principles of PIBE and report experimental results showing the effectiveness of its browsing and personalization functionalities.

SAT-BASED MODEL CHECKING FOR REGION AUTOMATA

We propose a new SAT-based model checking algorithm to solve the reachability problem of real-time systems. In our algorithm, the behavior of region automata is encoded as Boolean formulas, and hence any SAT solver can be used to explore the region graph efficiently. Although our SAT-based algorithm performs better than other algorithms in flaw detection, it is less effective in proving properties. To overcome the problem, we incorporate a complete inductive method in our algorithm to improve the performance when the property is satisfied. We implement both algorithms in a tool called xBMC and report experimental results. The experiments show that the combination of efficient encoding and inductive methods offers an effective and practical method for the analysis of timing behavior.

Adapting Java RMI for grid computing

Computational grids allow the users to run their applications on remote high-performance servers available via Internet. Java is often used to develop portable grid applications, with programs being sequences (compositions) of remote method calls. We demonstrate an inherent inefficiency of the standard remote method invocation (RMI) mechanism of Java for implementing compositions of remote calls. We propose a new, optimised RMI mechanism, called future-based RMI, that substantially reduces the unnecessary communication overhead of method compositions in a grid environment. We present an analytical model for estimating the performance improvements achieved by our mechanism and report experimental results for two case studies on a grid testbed including a high-performance shared-memory server which is accessed from a client located 500 km away.

A Unified Framework for Generating All Propagation Functions for Logic Errors and Events

We present a generic framework that supports efficient generation of the traditional Boolean difference function of some output with respect to any line in a combinational circuit, which is important when testing for logic defects. The framework also allows for the generation of generalized Boolean difference functions, which reflect sensitivity on event propagation from a given line to some circuit output. This generalized function could apply in timing verification, analysis, and test. We implemented the proposed framework using various function representation environments, including binary decision diagrams, Boolean expression diagrams, and Boolean networks, and report experimental results on the ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmarks.

COST OPTIMALITY AND PREDICTABILITY OF PARALLEL PROGRAMMING WITH SKELETONS

Skeletons are reusable, parameterized program components with well-defined semantics and pre-packaged efficient parallel implementation. This paper develops a new, provably cost-optimal implementation of the DS (double-scan) skeleton for programming divide-and-conquer algorithms. Our implementation is based on a novel data structure called plist (pointed list); implementation's performance is estimated using an analytical model. We demonstrate the use of the DS skeleton for parallelizing a tridiagonal system solver and report experimental results for its MPI implementation on a Cray T3E and a Linux cluster: they confirm the performance improvement achieved by the cost-optimal implementation and demonstrate its good predictability by our performance model.

DatTeL: A DATA-PARALLEL C++ TEMPLATE LIBRARY

The concept of C++ templates, realized in the Standard Template Library (STL), allows development of generic programs suitable for various concrete data structures. Our aim in this paper is to provide an opportunity for efficient execution of STL programs on parallel machines. We present DatTeL – a data-parallel library, which allows simple, efficient programming for various parallel architectures while staying within the paradigm of classical C++ template programming. We describe the principles of our approach and explain our design decisions and their implementation in the library. The presentation is illustrated with a case study — parallelization of a generic algorithm for carry-lookahead addition. We compare DatTeL to related work and report experimental results for the current version of our library.

Physics. Sensing electrons on the edge.

Plutonium is notorious for its radioactive properties, but in his Perspective, [Lander][1] draws attention to another property of this element: its unusual electronic properties that have long defied explanation. A recent theoretical study has overcome the problems associated with simulating the electron correlations in solid plutonium. The simulation shed light on the movement of atoms in the solid. Now, [ Wong et al .][2] report experimental results that agree extremely well with the simulations. Together, the two studies provide important insights into the elastic and thermodynamic properties of plutonium. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/301/5636/1057 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/301/5636/1078

A framework for modelling virus gene expression data

Short, high-dimensional, Multivariate Time Series (MTS) data are common in many fields such as medicine, finance and science, and any advance in modelling this kind of data would be beneficial. Nowhere is this truer than functional genomics where effective ways of analysing gene expression data are urgently needed. Progress in this area could help obtain a “global” view of biological processes, and ultimately lead to a great improvement in the quality of human life. We present a computational framework for modelling this type of data, and report experimental results of applying this framework to the analysis of gene expression data in the virology domain. The framework contains a three-step modelling strategy: correlation search, variable grouping, and short MTS modelling. Novel research is involved in each step which has been individually tested on different real-world datasets in engineering and medicine. This is the first attempt to integrate all these components into a coherent computational framework, and test the framework on a very challenging application area, producing promising results.

1A1-I06 ヒューマンスケールオペレーションシステムの開発 : 第 3 報微粗動機構の複合制御と操作実験の結果

バイオ領域と医療分野において, 数mmから数μmの対象物を扱う微細作業用ヒューマンスケールオペレーション技術が一層注目されている。ヒューマンスケールオペレーション作業を実現するためには, 微小物を扱うための様々な知見を得ることが必要である。そのための道具としての作業システムが必要となる。本研究では, 特にバイオと医療分野の応用に絞られ, ヒューマンスケールオペレーションシステムを提案・試作する。著者らは, 自由度6,動作範囲10μm, 分解能10nmがもつ高精度多自由度微動機構を開発し, 粗動XYZステージと微動機構より, 微細作業を行うシステムを試作した。本報では微粗動機構システムの構築及び微粗機構の複合制御, 操作実験を行つた結果について報告する。

New experiments on the relationship between light-induced defects and photoconductivity degradation

ABSTRACTWe report experimental results that help settle apparent inconsistencies in earlier work on photoconductivity and light-induced defects in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and point toward a new understanding of this subject. After observing that light-induced photoconductivity degradation anneals out at much lower T than the light-induced increase in deep defect density, Han and Fritzsche[1] suggested that two kinds of defects are created during illumination of a-Si:H. In this view, one kind of defect degrades the photoconductivity and the other increases defect sub-bandgap optical absorption. However, the light-induced degradation model of Stutzmann et al.[2] assumes that photoconductivity is inversely proportional to the dangling-bond defect density. We observe two kinds of defects that are distinguished by their annealing activation energies, but because their densities remain in strictlinear proportionduring their creation, the two kinds of defects cannot be completely independent.In our measurements of photoconductivity and defect absorption (constant photocurrent method) during 25°C light soaking and during a series of isochronal anneals between 25 &lt; T &lt; 190°C, we find that the absorption measured with E ≤1.1 eV, first increases during annealing, then exhibits the usual absorption decrease found for deeper defects. The maximum in this absorption at E ≤1.1eV occurs simultaneously with a transition from fast to slow recovery of photoconductivity. The absorption for E ≤1.1eV showstwodistinct annealing activation energies: the signal rises with about 0.87 eV and falls with about 1.15 eV. The 0.87 eV activation energy roughly equals the activation energy for the dominant, fast, recovery of photoconductivity. The 1.15 eV activation energy roughly equals the single activation energy for annealing of the light-induced dangling bond absorption.

New support vector algorithms

We propose a new class of support vector algorithms for regression and classification. In these algorithms, a parameter nu lets one effectively control the number of support vectors. While this can be useful in its own right, the parameterization has the additional benefit of enabling us to eliminate one of the other free parameters of the algorithm: the accuracy parameter epsilon in the regression case, and the regularization constant C in the classification case. We describe the algorithms, give some theoretical results concerning the meaning and the choice of nu, and report experimental results.

Fundamental characteristics of electrostatic wafer chuck with insulating sealant

In the semiconductor industry, many manufacturing processes, such as CVD or dry etching, are performed in vacuum condition. The electrostatic wafer chuck is the most preferable handling method under such circumstances. It enables retention of a wafer flat and enhanced heat transfer through the whole surface area because the wafer can firmly contact with the chuck. We have investigated the fundamental study of an electrostatic chuck with comb type electrodes and a thin dielectric film. In order to remove the air gap between them, silicone oil is used as a filler to prevent breakdown. The experimental results proved the potential to use the electrostatic chuck for silicon wafer handling. There, however, is a problem which comes from using silicone oil as an insulating filler. The thin dielectric film is easily deformed by tension when the object starts moving. In this report experimental results of the electrostatic wafer chuck are shown when insulating sealant, instead of silicone oil, is used. The electrostatic force acting on the 4 inch silicon wafer is examined with several types of sealant and dielectric films. The electrostatic force increased with the square of the applied voltage for lower voltage and gradually saturated at higher voltage, and the maximum force obtained was approximately 30 N.

Distributed Heuristic Synthesis Search

The Stony Brook SYNCHEM program, a well-established intelligent problem-solving system for synthesis route discovery, recently has been upgraded to execute in a network of multiprocessor workstations under both Linda tuple space and PVM message passing protocols. We describe the implementation and report experimental results. In addition, we discuss the effect of parallelizing SYNCHEM's search algorithm on the global best-first heuristic exploration of the synthesis problem space. Though reasonably wide-ranging and inclusive, sequential exploration exhibits a pronounced depth-first flavor. Parallelization introduces a countervailing breadth-first tendency that alters the region of the problem space explored by the search engine with mixed consequences, the positive clearly outweighing the negative.