Replacement Of River Sand Research Articles

The strength and durability of fly ash and quarry dust light weight foam concrete

Abstract This research work has been investigate on the foam concrete, which is an novel and very useful materials in construction industry , basically a cement mortar slurry with a maximum of 10% volume of foam. One of the main disadvantage of foam concrete is the large usage of river sand as a filler material, which leads to eco-friendly concrete. An experimental investigation has been done to effect of fly ash by partially replacing in cement from 0 to 50% and replacing river sand by quarry dust (0-50%) for various mixes. This research paper produce the compressive strength, split tensile strength and durability properties such as water absorption and permeability. From the investigation it have been concluded that the replacing partially 30% of fine sand b and quarry dust combination produced better quality results in par with the conventional foam concrete.

Comparative Investigation of the Effect of Recycled Fine Aggregate from New and Old Construction Wastes in C-25 Concrete in Ethiopia

Wherever there are construction activities, there is waste generation. In Ethiopia, the popular material for wall construction is a hollow concrete block that can be broken on the production site or the construction site during loading and unloading and is also found abundantly in demolished buildings. This research aimed at searching for alternative construction materials through recycling and examined the properties of recycled fine aggregate from demolished (old) and construction (new) hollow concrete block (HCB) wastes. The study examined the effect of the recycled HCB on fresh and hardened C-25 concrete properties and the possible replacement percentage of river sand by those recycled fine aggregates. The research also examined the comparative properties of the two recycled fine aggregates. The replacement percentage was in steps of 25%, starting from 25% up to 100%, and 0% represented the reference mix. In general, the recycled fine aggregate exhibited relatively lower physical properties than natural river sand but satisfied the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard requirements. The demolished recycled fine aggregate (DRFA) had slightly lower physical properties than the construction recycled fine aggregate (CRFA). The properties of fresh and hardened concrete were decreased as percentage replacement of DRFA and CRFA increased. The optimum percentage replacement of river sand by recycled fine aggregate was between 50% to 75% but was much closer to 75% for that of recycled from construction (new) and closer to 50% for that of recycled from demolished (old) HCB. Recycling wastes can reduce environmental impact due to sand mining and waste disposal as well as partially conserve the natural resource depletion.

UTILIZATION OF CRUMB RUBBER AS AGGREGATE IN HIGH CALCIUM FLY ASH GEOPOLYMER MORTARS

This research was carried out to find out the possibility of utilizing tire crumb rubber waste as fine aggregate in fly ash-based geopolymer mortars (GPMs). The effect of replacement of river sand with crumb rubber at the levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% by volume on the geopolymer mortar properties including workability, dry density, compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption, and porosity were studied. The results were compared to those of the Portland cement-based mortars (PCMs). The test results demonstrated that the higher crumb rubber content resulted in the less dense matrix of mortar. However, GPMs with crumb rubber resulted in a significant improvement in flexural strength. The average ratio of flexural to compressive strengths of GPMs was 25% compared to 15% of PCMs. Also, the lower dry density and thermal conductivity of GPMs indicated better insulating properties than those of PCMs.

Strengthening of Concrete by using Oyster Shell and Marble Powder

Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in the field of construction. The main ingredients of concrete mix are aggregate, sand, cement and water. Usually, fine aggregate and cement used for concrete mix is river sand and ordinary Portland cement. Since excessive excavation of river sand causes erosion and failure to river beds which is becoming a serious environmental problem, to overcome this issue oyster shell is introduced to replace the river sand. The key point of this research was to develop a high performance concrete by replacing river sand with oyster shell and experimentally determine the effect of shell with the concrete. On this research the differences in the concrete properties with river sand and oyster shell will be determine and compared. Further, metakaolin and marble powder is to be used to add strength and give better workability to the concrete. This experiment is to be carried out using several tests which include initial tests for cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate, workability, compressive, tensile and flexural test etc.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Substitution of Fine and Coarse Aggregate by Waste Materials in Concrete

Paper Construction industry has been conducted various studies on the utilization of waste materials in concrete productions in order to decrease the usage of natural resources. This research paper exhibits the evaluation and the effective reuse of waste construction materials and industries, such as cuddapah waste aggregate as partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregate and copper slag as partial replacement of river sand (fine aggregate). Experiments were conducted to find out the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths and the modulus of elasticity of concrete for waste materials aggregate concrete and to compare them with those of conventional aggregate concrete. Results appear that waste materials in concrete have the potential to produce good quality concrete mixtures.

Foamed concrete incorporating mineral admixtures and pulverized ceramics: Effect of phase change and mineralogy on strength characteristics

Different microstructural changes occur in cement based materials as a result of the interaction between the aggregate particles and paste matrix, during mixing, compaction and placement. Such intrinsic modifications, in terms of paste density, interfacial transition zone, permeability and others, tend to improve or lessen the strength properties of concrete. This study evaluates the microstructure, mineralogy, phase change and strength characteristics of foamed concrete containing fly ash and pulverized ceramics. Portion of ceramics, which were generated from floor and wall tile wastes, and finer than 4.75 mm sieve, along with fly ash, were used as a partial replacement of river sand and cement, respectively. The foaming agent used was aluminum powder. However, other constituents were kept constant. Samples of 150 mm concrete cubes and 100 × 100 × 500 mm prisms were prepared, and cured in water for 3, 7, and 28 days, for compressive strength and flexural strength determination at the stipulated days. The microstructure, mineralogy and phase change of selected samples were determined using Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Thermogravimetric Analyzer-Differential Scanning Calorimeter, respectively. The ceramics based foamed concrete exhibited lower slump compared to conventional mixture, mainly due to its aggregate higher water absorption capacity. A 100% ceramics based mix gave strength in somewhat closeness to that of conventional mixture, and it was evidently shown by a lower amount of Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) dehydroxylated between 420 and 550 °C burner temperature for this mixture. The study demonstrates the possibility of incorporating ceramics along with mineral admixtures such as fly ash and aluminum powder for production of foamed concrete.

Suitability of dolomite silica-sand in partial replacement with m- sand for cement mortar

One of the significant issues in the construction industry is that the cost of natural sand is expanding quickly and furthermore exhaustion of common assets happens at a quicker rate. To beat this issue we require a feasible material like the natural sand. Despite the fact that M-sand is utilized as a replacement for River sand, it has numerous burdens in view of its angular size and failure to fill the pore spaces. Dolomite-Silica sand is a material which contains silica content and can fill pores in the mortar productively. The principle motivation behind this investigation is to partially supplant M-Sand with Dolomite-Silica Sand to enhance the Masonry Characteristics. Dolomite-Silica sand is blended with M-Sand in fluctuating extents of 30%, 50%, and 70%. Fresh and Hardened mortar tests had been completed. Compressive and Flexural Brick-Bond Masonry tests have likewise been done. Results demonstrate that Dolomite-Silica Sand can be utilized as a partial replacement for M-sand up to 50%.

Fire resistance and thermal insulation properties of foamed concrete incorporating pulverized ceramics and mineral admixtures

The effects of ceramics and mineral admixtures on thermal conductivity and fire resistance of foamed concrete were investigated in this study. The materials used for the study include: ordinary Portland cement, crushed ceramics, aluminum powder as foaming agent, river sand, plasticizer, and potable water. Ceramics were utilized as a particle replacement of river sand, while other materials were kept constant. In addition to physical property tests, the oxide composition and morphology of raw materials were studied using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The workability of fresh-foamed concrete mixture was determined. Concrete specimens of 50 mm diameter × 150 mm height and 150 mm cubes were produced based on standard mix design, and they were used for the evaluation of thermal conductivity and fire resistance properties, respectively. Concrete specimens were cured by immersion in water for 28 days at a room temperature of 20 ± 1 °C. The concrete cubes were subjected to varying laboratory simulated temperature of 400, 500, and 600 °C, and both physical assessment and compressive strength of the cubes were subsequently assessed. SEM morphology and X-Ray Diffraction (mineralogy) of cured concrete were also obtained. Significant distress was noticed on concrete surface at 500–600 °C, evident by visible cracks development. A steady drop in compressive strength occurred as the furnace temperature rose from 400 to 600 °C. As compared to normal concrete, this study concludes that foamed concrete incorporating ceramics and mineral admixtures has a higher fire resistance.

Experimental study on mechanical properties of modified concrete prepared with M-sand, Silica fume and Steel fiber

This experimental study is aimed at finding the effect of reducing the usage of conventional materials for concrete. The mechanical properties of modified concrete prepared with manufactured sand (M-sand), silica fume and steel fiber are tested and compared with that of conventional concrete. For modified concrete, cement is replaced by silica fume, river sand by manufactured sand and steel fibers are also added. The objective of using M-sand is to reduce the usage of river sand as it is becoming uneconomical in the field of construction. The benefits of using silica fume is to increase the strength of concrete. Steel fibers are added to concrete to increase the tensile strength of concrete. The percentage replacement of river sand by M sand is 40%, cement by silica fume is 5% and hooked end fibers are added at 0.6% to concrete mix during concrete mix preparations. The optimum value of % replacement is decided with the results obtained and it can be concluded that the use of unconventional materials in production of concrete can be encouraged.

Strength and Permeation Property of Concrete Made With Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Granite Waste as Fine Aggregate Replacement

Use of agro and industrial wastes in concrete production will cause sustainable concrete era and greener habitat. In this study an endeavor has been made to discover the propriety of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) and Granite Waste (GW) as partial replacement for traditional river sand. The percentage substitute is calculated based on the particle packing approach. The properties such as compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths and modulus of elasticity, water absorption, sorptivity and rapid chloride penetration test of the concrete with bagasse ash and granite waste as a partial replacement for river sand and to evaluate them with those of conventional concrete made with river sand fine aggregate are investigated. The test results show that the strength aspects of bagasse ash-granite waste concrete are higher than those of the conventional concrete. Moreover, they suggest that the bagasse ash-granite waste concrete has higher strength characteristics and remains in the lower permeability level shows improvement in overall durability of concrete than the conventional concrete.

An Experimental Research on Partial Replacement of River Sand by Silica Sand and Partial Replacement of Cement by GGBS in Rigid Pavements.

iThe utilization of substitutes aggregats like silica sand is a characteristic advance in solving some common aggregate. The examination on substitute material for concret making began before 50 years. concret produced using silica sand as partial additional of River sand will be studies for workability, compressive strength, Flexural strength and split strength, and modulus of elasticity. I will used of silica sand as partial additional of River sand by various rate for making concert of grade M-40. The rate of additional substitution will be 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% with common River sand. For making concrete OPC-53 grade cement is utilized. cube shapes, cylinder and beams will cast and testing compressive strength, Split strength, and flexural strength just as for durability properties. Ideal additional of silica sand can be utilized in structural concerts. GGBS is a Ground Granulate Blast Furnace slag, which is in powdered forms, In concert, it help to decrease the damage caused by an alkali silica chemical attack and also gives higher attrition to chloride. Therefore 35% of GGBS is replacement to cements.

Effect of Silicone Rubber of a Waste Composite Insulator on Cement Mortar Properties.

Due to the rapid growth of the electric power system, the silicone rubber composite insulator is so widely employed around the world. However, the aging damage and decommission of it inevitably generates plenty of waste silicone rubber. It takes up large amounts of land for non-degradation, which is becoming a serious environmental issue. In this paper, the effort has been made to reuse the silicone rubber of composite insulator by peeling, breaking and adding it into the cement mortar to partly replace river sand by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% in volume. Moreover, the surface modification of silicone rubber particles with H2O2 and KOH is explored to improve hydrophilicity. The mechanical strength of silicone rubber mortar and modified silicone rubber mortar are measured in detail, and the effects of particle size, content and modification of silicone rubber on the properties of mortar are investigated. This study shows that at least a 5% addition of silicone rubber can reduce the strengths, while the 15% addition is obviously favorable for increasing the toughness. Furthermore, the mortar strength gets promoted due to the surface modification. Lastly, the superior thermal insulation and noise reduction of the mortar are obtained as the addition of silicone rubber particles, and an equation between dry apparent density and thermal conductivity of mortar has been developed.

An Experimental Programme on Frc with Opc, Flyash, Ggbs, and Metakaolin

The production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is increasing year by year world over. Further, the production of every tonne of OPC generates one tonne of green house gases, (CO2) which results in Global Warming. Usage of OPC is more in construction industry as it is a major ingredient in Concrete. As the usage of Concrete is increasing year by year, more and more is the OPC production and hence the environment is getting polluted; added to this undesirable scenario, the natural resources like lime stone used to manufacture cement and river sand are getting depleted year by year. In order to prevent the usage of large amounts of OPC in Concrete, mineral admixtures like Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), Fly Ash and Metakaolin which are pozzolanic and cementitious in nature are adopted to replace certain percentages of OPC. Manufactured Sand (M-sand) is adopted to replace river sand. Experimental investigation is conducted on fiber reinforced concrete with steel fibers @1% of weight of binder by casting requisite number of cubes and cylinders of concrete of grade M25; in these mixes OPC is replaced with GGBS, Fly Ash and Metakaolin up to 45%. Mechanical properties are determined by conducting compressive strength and split tensile strength tests; additionally some of the durability properties are established by conducting Water absorption and Sorptivity tests. Test results are comparable between controlled concrete and innovative concrete of present investigation.

Strength Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Self-Consolidating Concrete with Foundry Waste Sand

This study presents a comprehensive overview of replacing natural river sand (FA) with foundry waste sand (FWS) in fibre-reinforced high strength self-consolidating concrete (SCC). Fine aggregate (FA) was replaced with FWS, proportions varying from 0% to 70%. To maintain workability in the SCC mix, chemical admixtures were added. During fresh state, properties of SCC like filling and passing ability, segregation resistance were studied. Assessment results indicated a moderate reduction in workability, slump flow decreased by 4% over control mix, for 70% replacement of FA with FWS. SCC mixes were prepared with different FWS contents and evaluated for density, modulus of elasticity, compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. The compressive strength increased by 6% to 8%, flexural strength by 2% to 4% and split tensile strength by 2% to 3% when the FA was partially replaced by 20% with FWS. Density of SCC increased by 6.5% and modulus of elasticity decreased by 10% for 70% replacement of FA with FWS. From the assessment outcome, it can be resolved that FWS could form a dependable alternative source for natural river sand replacement in high strength SCC.

Assessment of Mine Tailing and Quarry Dust as Joint Concrete Aggregates

The consumption of natural resources like sand and stones for concrete production has resulted not only in their scarcity but also in environmental degradation associated with their extraction, and air pollution due to the generated quarry dust as result of the rock crushing. Also, with increase of mining sites in Rwanda, the amount of mine tailings has extremely increased, and their dumping is becoming a big challenge. The purpose of this study was to search for an engineering solution to the above dual problem, analyzing the performance of both mine-tailings and quarry dust as potential replacements for ordinary aggregates in concrete. The methodology consisted of evaluating the properties of the two materials, and then the analysis of strength characteristics for the new concrete manufactured using the two new aggregates. Concrete preparation was done by keeping constant the mine tailings portion as coarse aggregate, while partially replacing river sand by quarry dust at different fractions as 0%, 10%, 30% and 50%. It was established that, comparatively to normal concrete at 28 days, the compressive and tensile strengths of concrete with mine-tailings and river sand increased from 27MPA to 37.5 MPA, and from 1.9 to 3.1 MPA respectively on one hand, and on the other hand the compressive and tensile strengths decreased with partial replacement of river sand by quarry dust from 37.5 to 27.9MPA and from 3.1 to 2.3 MPA at replacements from 0% to 50% respectively. It was concluded that mine tailings and quarry dusty can be used together as concrete new aggregates in replacement of ordinary aggregates, with a due attention to concrete workability and its area of application.

Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.

Experiment on Concrete with Partial Replacement of Sand with Alternate Green Materials

In recent decades, there is a sprut in the growth of the construction industry. Aggregates are one of the main ingredients for making concrete. Depletion of natural resources of sand and the effect of mass production of cement on sustainable environment, need studies on the use of alternative materials. On the other hand, dumping of wastes from the industries are piling up resulting in the pollution of the environment. By considering the above facts, severe studies are focused on partial replacement of river sand with alternatives like copper slag, steel slag, quarry dust, etc., The outcome of these studies shows that the alternate materials enlarge the mechanical and durability properties of concrete. The optimum dose of alternate materials to replacement of sand is evaluated. In this paper, technical papers published by researchers are studied, discussed and compared

Utilizing spend garnets as sand replacement in alkali-activated mortars containing fly ash and GBFS

This paper investigates the possibility of using garnet waste as river sand replacement in high-strength alkali-activated mortars (AAMs) containing fly ash (FA) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS). The garnet waste replacing river sand was used at varying levels of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, by weight. In this study, the ratios of binder to aggregate (B:A), alkaline activator solution to binder (S:B) and the activator solution modulus (Ms) remained the same in all samples tested. The tests conducted were slump flow, compressive strength, flexural strength, drying-shrinkage, porosity, and resistance to acid, etc., which indicated the impacts of using garnet waste on the mechanical and durability performance characteristics of AAMs. The tests data revealed that as the level of waste garnet content increased in AAMs, there was a corresponding improvement in the workability of said samples. Notably, when the garnet waste content level exceeded 25% in the tested samples, there was a decrease in flexural and compressive strength in comparison with the control sample. Therefore, it would appear that the garnet waste could act as a potential replacement of river sand up to a maximum of 25% without any strength loss. It also meets the need for a cost-effective alternative which is eco-friendly and a renewable resource. It is recommended that spend garnets waste should be used in AAMs as river sand replacement to minimize the environmental problems, cost and natural resources depletion.

Abrasion Resistance of Manufactured Sand (MS) Concrete and Its Influence Factors

The feasibility of using MS to replace river sand (RS) in concrete pavement has been widely concerned by scholars, however the abrasion resistance of MS concrete pavement serves as a major factor restricting application. Published literature shows huge potential of MS as a replacement of natural fine aggregate. A detailed overview of published literature on property of MS and influencing factors on abrasion resistance of MS concrete is being presented. Regarding the characteristics of MS, the granular shape is characterized by irregular shape, multi-angle and large aspect ratio, the gradation shows a phenomenon of less in the middle and more on both ends, and MS contains high content of stone powder and little mud powder. The influencing factors include mix ratio, lithology, stone powder, admixture, polymer, etc. Among them, stone powder has attracted the attention of many scholars. Nevertheless, few related studies exist at present, source selection and in-depth research merit consideration.

Optimization of autogenous shrinkage and microstructure for Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) based on appropriate application of porous pumice

Abstract In this study, optimization of autogenous shrinkage and microstructure for Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) based on appropriate application of porous pumice is addressed. The pumices with different water absorption rates are utilized to replace river sand by 10%, 20% and 30%, and its effect on the properties of the developed UHPC is investigated. The obtained experimental results show that the inclusion of pre-wetting pumice (particle size distribution is 0.6–1.25 mm) can significantly reduce the autogenous shrinkage of UHPC, without decrease the mechanical properties. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and Computed Tomography results indicate that the incorporation of 0.6–1.25 mm hydrous pumice can refine the pore structure and increase the fraction of interconnected pores. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope, Super-high Magnification Lens Zoom 3D Microscope and Electron BackScattered Diffraction images revealed that the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) skeleton between hydrous pumice and UHPC paste is obviously improved.