Replacement Of Glass Powder Research Articles

A Review on Using ANOVA and RSM Modelling in The Glass Powder Replacement of The Concrete Ingredients

The flat glass powder usage instead of sand is convenient in structurally serviceable and environmentally compatible concrete. The deposits of glass powder in fibres cement compounds manufacture may add significant technical, economic and environmental necessities. The cement material and cement replacement by glass powder is chosen as parameters of the concrete. When the waste glass is fined to very fine dust, it demonstrates a cementitious characteristic due to silica content. Statistical methods and techniques are heavily used in glass powder replacement. In this paper, fifteen papers are reviewed and investigated to check the availability of using the statistical and modelling system in discussing the glass powder replacement with some other ingredients results between 2012-2021. We found that most of the papers depended on the ANOVA test to perform their work. Moreover, central composite face-centred (CFC) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) took a part in the studies. From the numerous replicas, a quadratic prototypical was supplied with waste glass powder in the numbers of the studies that the glass waste powder is the best with its characteristics.

Glass powder replacement in self-compacting concrete and its effect on rheological and mechanical properties

The effect of replacement of Portland cement using glass powder on fresh and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) was investigated in this study. A standard SCC mix design was used with substitution with either fly ash or glass powder of different fineness and replacement levels. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and elastic modulus were measured at 7, 28, 90, 180, 365, and 545 days. Rheological testing found that SCC containing glass powder had consistently higher yield shear stress than the control despite testing being conducted at optimum slump flow levels. Replacement of Portland cement with glass powder was found to reduce strength performance in the shorter-term but longer-term strengths were comparable. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of SCC containing glass powder were consistent with design guidelines and can be reliably predicted from compressive strength as is typically used in structural design.

Effect of water to binder ratio and particle size distribution of waste glass powder on the compressive-strength and modulus of elasticity of normal-strength concrete

This paper aims to experimentally study the impact of waste glass powder (GP) as a partial cement replacement (up to 20%) with two different particle size distributions ((55 µm < GP-A < 135 µm) and (55 µm > GP-B)) on the compressive strength and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) of concrete. The concrete mixes for GP-A considered in this study have water to binder ratio (w/b) of 0.49 and 0.57, whereas only a w/b ratio of 0.57 was considered for GP-B mixes. The experimental data obtained were used to develop different models to predict the elastic modulus of GP-modified concrete. The test results showed that the compressive strength and the MOE decreased with the increase of GP content. The size effect of GP as compared to w/b and GP content on compressive and MOE was relatively small. A nearly similar failure behaviour and peak strain were observed for all concrete mixes. The stiffness of the concrete decreases comparatively with an increase in the GP replacement level. Finally, the proposed MOE equations provide better predictions than the empirical models and practice codes considered in this study. They can be used in calculating the elastic modulus of GP-modified concrete.

ASR mitigation using binary and ternary blends with waste glass powder

Alkali silica reaction (ASR), commonly referred to as “concrete cancer”, is a major durability problem in concrete structures. ASR is a chemical reaction that occurs between the reactive amorphous silica from the natural aggregates and the alkalis in cement in the presence of moisture. This reaction causes undue expansion and cracks in hardened concrete which over time results in deterioration. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) has been proven effective to minimize ASR distress. In this study, a synergistic function of glass powder was evaluated in binary and ternary blends with conventional SCMs (slag and silica fume) for ASR mitigation. The ASR mitigation was evaluated using the accelerated mortar bar test (AMBT) and miniature concrete prism test (MCPT) methods. Additional testing including the flow test, strength activity index (SAI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectral analysis (EDS) was conducted to examine the pozzolanic activity, microstructural analysis, and chemical composition. The results demonstrated that the use of SCMs along with glass powder reduce ASR expansion substantially. The binary or ternary blends of 20% replacement of glass powder, slag, or silica fume can be utilized for ASR mitigation without compromising other concrete properties. Also, the ternary system containing glass powder with other conventional SCMs performed better compared to individual use of SCMs to mitigate ASR. These results were also supported by the findings of the microstructure and chemical analysis, in which the glass powder and SCMs were found to reduce the cracks due to ASR expansion.

Effect of elevated temperature on the mechanical strength of glass mortar

This experimental study aimed to investigate the elevated temperature behavior of glass powder (GP) as a partial replacement of Portland cement. The residual compressive strength is an essential consideration for the sustainability of newly introduced supplementary cementitious material at elevated temperatures. For this study, the powder of waste glass was used to replace portland cement in the proportion of 0%, 10%,20%, and 30%. For fundamental understanding, the compressive strength test was carried out on samples after exposure to high temperature with two different cooling regimes. The experimental result reveals that the mortar mix with cement replaced by 20% GP for both cooling conditions retained more relative residual strength and showed sound behavior compare to the reference sample. The mortar sample with 20% glass powder replacement shows better performance with lower strength loss for both cooling regimes. For air cooling samples, the average strength loss was 27.0% compared to 31.2% of the reference sample. In water cooling samples, the average strength loss was 25.4% compared to the 30.7% reference sample. The two distinct temperature ranges were observed regarding the effect of glass powder replacement on mortar strength under elevated temperature. For temperature above 400 °C average strength loss was 38.62% in the mortar with glass powder and 35.60%in reference sample for water cooling condition. Similarly, for air-cooling samples, the average strength loss was 51.8% compared to 48.90% of the reference sample. Therefore, the lesser strength loss of mortars containing glass powder may be related with their low calcium hydroxide content.

Influence of non-biodegradable wastes on mechanical properties of concrete – A Neural Network approach

The environmental pollution due to different non-biodegradable waste is not only making the surroundings vulnerable but also makes a serious defect on the humans. Because of the non-biodegradable property of plastics, decomposition is not possible which makes them remain in the environment for a longer period creating ecological problems. These non-biodegradable materials will be a significant source of plastic waste management if these materials can be substituted as a construction material by using in concrete. An experimental investigation is made on the usage of Non-Biodegradable plastic ravage materials as fine aggregates in M20 concrete with substitution from 0%, to 50% by weight of fine aggregate. Subsequently, the ravage glass powder is included in concrete as a substitution for cement with a percentage of replacement of 0% and 5% by weight of cement. Specimen for concrete in compression, tension and flexure are tested for 28 days curing. The experimental outcome shows that concrete with 10% replacement of plastic waste by weight of fine aggregate with 5% replacement of glass powder by weight of cement had an elevated influence on the mechanical properties. Further Artificial Neural Network Analysis is performed to validate the experimental results. The classification of Neural networks (NN), such as -Leven Berg-Marquardt (NN-LM) and Gradient Descent (NN-GD) is used to perform the analysis.

Experimental study on the mechanical properties of concrete by partial replacement of glass powder as fine aggregate: An environmental friendly approach

Generally in shops, damaged glass sheets & sheet glass cuttings are go to waste, which are not recycled at present and usually delivered to landfills for disposal. Glass powder used in concrete making leads to greener environment. Glass waste powder creates chronic environmental problems, mainly due to the inconsistency of waste glass streams. Glass is widely used in our day by day activities like in the products such as sheet glass, bottles, glassware, and vacuum tubing. Glass is an ideal material for recycling. The use of recycled glass helps in energy saving. In many research works aims to give awareness of glass recycling and save the environment. One of its significant contributions is to the construction field where the waste glass was reused for concrete production. In the current research work the properties of concrete with glass dust waste as fine aggregate were investigated. Glass dust waste was used as a partial replacement for sand at 10%, 20% and 30% of concrete mixes. Compression strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for 7, 14 and 28 days concrete of age were compared with those of concrete made with natural fine aggregates. From this experimental work it was proven that increasing strength has been observed when replacing of glass waste powder by natural sand.

Effect of glass powder as partial fine aggregate replacement on properties of basalt fibre reinforced concrete

Abstract High strength concrete is finding application in many structures in the past few years. In order to achieve concrete possessing high strength, various materials have been added to it that has superior durable properties. In order to increase the flexural strength in concrete, fibres are added to make it high strength. The use of several fibres in the making of such concrete and their advantages has been discussed in this work. The fibre obtained from basalt rocks known as basalt fibre is used in concrete in recent years and have attracted a lot of attention. In this paper, glass powder is used as a replacement for fine aggregate while basalt fibre is added to improve the mechanical properties of concrete. In order to attain the desired strength in concrete, the quantity of glass powder replacing the fine aggregate as well as the dosage of basalt fibres to be added are investigated. Test conducted in laboratory show that a 10% replacement of glass powder increased the strength and possessed good durability properties compared to conventional concrete. Compressive strength of 84.5 MPa, flexural strength of 11 MPa and split tensile strength of 3.2 MPa was achieved. The durability properties in terms of sorptivity and chloride penetrability were also found to be good compared to the conventional mix.

Extensive evaluation on the effect of glass powder on the rheology, strength, and microstructure of metakaolin-based geopolymer binders

The current study aims to investigate the rheological, mechanical and microstructural characteristics of different geopolymer pastes derived from metakaolin (MK) and glass powder (GP) as precursors as well as sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as alkaline reagent. An algorithmic mixture design approach was proposed by considering the important chemical and physical factors related to the precursor powders and alkaline reagents. Three combination groups containing 100% MK, 75% MK + 25% GP and 50% MK + 50% GP were designed by targeting different chemical and physical ratios of SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/SiO2 and liquid/solid. For a sustainable, energy efficient and practical solution, the ambient temperature was considered during the entire process of preparation and curing. Rheological properties, mechanical performance and microstructural analysis were investigated on the developed 44 geopolymer mixtures. The results showed that the rheological characteristics of MK based geopolymers were not affected by the addition of GP in their compositions. All produced pastes yielded shear-thinning or pseudoplastic behavior with decreased viscosity versus shear rate. Additionally, up to 25% GP replacement levels by MK, geopolymer pastes obtained equal compressive strengths to that of 100% MK. The SEM micrographs and EDS analyses showed the formation of NASH as the main reaction product in GP and MK-based geopolymers.

Characterizations and Modeling the Influence of Particle Size Distributions (PSD) of Glass Powder on the Mechanical Behavior of Normal Strength Concrete

In this study, a comprehensive experimental investigation and modeling were carried out to examine the impact of two different grain size distributions of glass powder (GP) ((55 µm GP-B)) in various percentages up to 30% on the mechanical characteristics of concrete at different testing ages (7, 28,56, and 91 days). The experimental data observed were utilized to develop different models for characterizing the compressive, splitting, and flexural strength behavior of concrete modified with GP. Results indicated that, up to 25% of cement replacement with GP, the difference in particle size of GP does not have a substantial impact on the mechanical performance of concrete if it is less than 135 μm. Irrespective of GP particle size and the curing days, the increasing percentage of GP replacement up to 10% for compressive strength and up to 15% for splitting and flexural tensile strength tends to marginally reduce compressive, splitting, and flexural tensile strength at 28 days by 4%, 8%, and 6%, respectively. The developed models were found to be well predicted by curing ages, water to binder ratio (w/b), and GP content. Based on the model parameters, the percentage of GP to partially replace cement is much more effective than the particle size of GP, w/b, and curing time in changing the mechanical properties of normal strength concrete. The analytical results were in good agreement with the experimental investigation.

Properties of cement pastes and mortars containing recycled green glass powder

This work deals with the characterization of the properties of mortars and cement pastes made with powdered soda lime waste glass. Different rates of cement replacement by weight are used: 0%, 10%, 25%, 35% and 60%. Both fresh and hardened properties are assessed. The influence of glass powder on the workability of mortar is determined using flow table tests. Chemical shrinkage and hydration heat of early age blended cement paste are evaluated using gravimetric methods and isothermal calorimetric respectively. The dynamic Young’s and shear moduli of mortar are evaluated using nondestructive methods. Mechanical performances of mortars are measured using flexural and compressive strength tests. Pore structures of different mortars are investigated with mercury intrusion and water porosity tests.Results from this investigation indicate that the amount of cement replacement by glass powder plays a critical role in determining mortar characteristics. Chemical shrinkage and heat assessment show that high glass powder replacement of cement paste increases the hydration reaction rate. Compressive strength and dynamic Young’s and shear moduli values decrease with increasing glass powder content especially for mortar made with 60% glass powder.Mortar made with 60% glass powder has bigger pores due to the dilution effect, i.e., the reduction in the amount of hydration product at 7 days hydration. Significant compressive strength is gained between 7 and 90 days for mortar with glass powder, especially with 60% replacement showing pozzolanic reaction taking place during this period. The pozzolanic reaction that occurs between glass powder and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to form more calcium silicate hydrate gel (C-S-H) leads to the refinement of pores and the reduction of porosity.

Analisis Batako Dengan Campuran Serbuk Kaca Sebagai Pengganti Pasir

One of the innovations in the use of glass waste in the construction sector is as a mixture of concrete brick. In this research glass dust from a building demolition in the Klandasan area of ??Balikpapan was used as a substitute for sand in a mixture of concrete brick. This research aims to analyze the use of glass powder as a substitute for sand in a mixture of concrete brick based on SNI 03-0349-1989. Concrete brick specimens are made with a cement and sand ratio of 1: 6. The variation in the replacement of glass powder used is 0%, 25%, and 50% of the composition of the sand. From the results of the analysis it was found that the water absorption capacity of the concrete brick with the addition of glass powder to the mixture of the concrete brick as a substitute for sand in the 0% concrete brick glass powder was 5.13% greater than the variation of 25% glass powder and 17.1% greater than the 50% variation of glass powder. The compressive strength of the concrete brick making with the addition of glass powder as a substitute for sand in the mixture of the concrete brick compressive strength of 25% glass powder is 11.11% better than oncrete brick 0% glass powder and compressive strength of the concrete brick 50% glass powder is better 33.33% than concrete brick 0% glass powder. Based on SNI 03-0349-1989, water absorption and compressive strength on concrete brick with the addition of glass powder as a substitute for sand still meet the requirements

Atomic-structure, microstructure and mechanical properties of glass powder modified metakaolin-based geopolymer

This objective of this study is to utilize recycled glass powder as a partial replacement precursor of the metakaolin-based geopolymer to develop a sustainable geopolymer material. Four glass powder replacement ratios were selected for the metakaolin-based geopolymer preparation (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% by the total precursor weight). The pair distribution function (PDF) analysis indicated that a higher amount of the four-membered ring structures in the formed gel with the added glass powder. Both PDF and EDX analysis showed that the Si/Al ratio of the binder phase increased with glass powder content in the mixtures. The added glass powder can improve the workability of the geopolymer binder and prolong the setting time of the synthesized geopolymer samples. The nanoindentation test results showed that the elastic modulus of the formed gel increased with replaced 10% and 20% glass powder. In addition, the samples with 5% of glass powder achieved the highest compressive strength among tested samples. The test results indicated that the appropriate glass powder replacement can affect the geopolymerization process and modify the formed gels in the metakaolin-based geopolymer to improve the mechanical properties of the mixture. The information obtained in this study can promote the utilization of waste glass powder as a partial replacement of the precursor for the production of sustainable alkali-activated materials.

Mechanical Properties, Energy Impact Capacity and Bond Resistance of concrete incorporating waste glass powder

The present study is investigated about effect of glass waste as powder as partial replacement of cement in some properties of concrete. These properties included compressive strength, splitting and flexural tensile strengths, impact resistance and bond strength. The effect of glass as powder was examined by compared to control specimens without glass powder replacement. Three percentage were tested: 0%(control), 10 and 15%. Results showed that using glass powder improved properties of concrete under different type of loading. Compressive strength increased by 26.34% and 22% when compared it with control mix for 10% and 15% glass powder, respectively. While splitting tensile strength increased by 23.5% and 28.7% more than control mix for 10% and 15% glass powder, respectively. And modulus of rupture increased by 17% and 10% for 10% and 15% glass powder, respectively. The impact resistance of mixes 10% and 15% of glass powder were increased by 14.3% and 4.76 % in compression with control mix, respectively. Finally glass powder also improve bond strength where the ultimate bond strength increased by 4.7% and 6.2% for 10% and 15% glass powder respectively. Then the utilization of waste glass as powder in concrete reduced amount of cement and improved its resistance to load.

An Experimental Model on the Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete by using Cement Replacement of Glass Powder

Reactive Powder Concrete is a creating composite material that enables the solid business to advance material utilizes Generate financial advantages and building structures which are solid, strong and delicate to condition. RPC is another ultra-elite cement with extensive variety of capacities. RPC was created in the 1990s by Bouygues' research center in France. RPC speaks to another class of Portland concrete based material with compressive qualities of 120-200 MPa go. By presenting fine steel filaments. It has no coarse materials and contains little steel filaments that give extra strength. RPC incorporate Portland concrete, silica rage, fine sand, super plasticizer, water and steel strands. In this investigation, RPC by utilizing cement substitution of glass powder up to 30%. Likewise mechanical properties, compressive strength and split tensile strength were considered.

Sulphate resistance of cement mortar contains glass powder

To address the issues on environmental eco-cement mortar due to cement production, we explored the strength properties of glass powder (GP) mortar and its sulphate resistance. A total of 60 cement mortar mixtures were proportioned in this research for two series, as follows: series I used GP with the passing sieve size of 200 µm, and series II used GP with the passing sieve size of 400 µm. The 5%, 10% and 20% MgSO4 solution concentrations and 3 different exposure periods, that is 10, 30 and 60 days, were used. Results indicated that replacing GP in the control mixture increased the unit weight by 29% on the 60th day. However, low unit weight showed high GP of up to 20%, but 20% GP replacement with cement improved the mortar to the control mix on the 28th day. A 10% replacement with GP enhanced the sulphate resistance compared with control mixes.

Influence of Glass and Limestone Powders in High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Paste on Compressive Strength and Microstructure

The effects of replacing high calcium fly ash with containment glass powder and limestone powder in the geopolymer are investigated in this paper. The high calcium fly ash was replaced by either glass powder or limestone powder at 20% and 40% by weight. The geopolymer paste was tested for setting time and compressive strength and evaluated of its microstructure on SEM, XRD, FTIR, and MIP. The results indicated that the setting time of geopolymer paste was increased with the replacement of glass powder and reduced by replacement of limestone powder. The compressive strengths were generally higher than those of controls. The maximum increase of compressive strength was 33% when replaced fly ash with 20% of glass powder at 8 molar NaOH concentration of sodium hydroxide solution. The microstructure evaluations show the remaining particles of raw materials and the compatible of hydration reaction and polymerization when having limestone powder in the mix proportion. Furthermore, the powder acts as a filler in the gels.

Effect of new mixing method of glass powder as cement replacement on mechanical behavior of concrete

This study investigates the effects of using local wastes of Glass Powder (produced from crushing the glass waste) as replacement of cement in fresh and hardened concrete. Four percentages of Glass Powder (GP) were used: 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Two mixing methods were used in the study. First, the conventional mixing method, where the glass powder was added with the cement and aggregates. Second, the glass powder was dissolved in water before adding it to cement and aggregates. The slump increased as the glass powder replacement increased in the concrete due to the presence of more free water in the structure, which leaded to have lower density and higher water absorption. As a result, the compressive strength of conventional mixes method decreased as the glass powder increased at early age. Later, after 90 days, the highest compressive strength was obtained for the 20% GP. The new mixing method showed higher compressive strength than the conventional mixing method. Using 10% GP in the new mixing method gave a significant increase, around 130% of the compressive strength of the control mix. This increase can be related to the hydrolysis of the glass powder into free ions of SiO2, CaO and Na2O in the water which formed more CSH. The relative index proves the rise of the glass powder reactivity as the amount of glass powder increases.

Effect of using glass powder as cement replacement on rheological and mechanical properties of cement paste

Glass powder (GP) is considered as a pozzolanic material, thus it can be used as a partial cement replacement material. Its effect on the microstructure and on the mechanical properties is controlled by its chemical composition, particle size distribution (PSD), the amount of replacement and the curing conditions. The effect of cement replacement by glass powder on the rheological and the mechanical properties of cement paste is studied. Two types of cements were used (CEMI and CEMII) at five different percentages of glass powder replacement (0, 10, 20, 25 and 30%). The results showed an increase in the cement paste flow using CEMI compared to CEMII. Also, the initial and final setting times were lower at CEMI than CEMII. Increasing the replacement percentages by higher glass powder resulted in a decrease in the linear and volume expansion of the mixes due to the reduction of the ASR. The 10 and 20% GP mixes showed a higher compressive strength at longer ages than the control mix which is related to the pozzolanic reactivity of the glass powder.Bottom Ash was added to the 20% GP mix, at different percentages (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%). The maximum compressive strength was obtained at 5% BA mix.

Study on the engineering and electricity properties of cement mortaradded with waste LCD glass and piezoelectric powders

This study used a volumetric method for design. The control group used waste Liquid Crystal Displayplay (LCD) glass powder to replace cement (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%), and the PZT group used Pd-Zr-Ti piezoelectric (PZT) powder to replace 5% of the fine aggregate to make cement mortar. The engineering and the mechanical and electricity properties were tested; flow, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), water absorption and resistivity (SSD and OD electricity at 50 V and 100 V) were determined; and the correlations were determined by linear regression. The compressive strength of the control group (29.5-31.8 MPa) was higher than that of the PZT group (25.1-29 MPa) by 2.8-4.4 MPa at the curing age of 28 days. A 20% waste LCD glass powder replacement (31.8 MPa) can fill up finer pores and accelerate hydration. The control group had a higher 50 V-SSD resistivity (1870-3244 o.cm), and the PZT group had a lower resistivity (1419-3013 o.cm), meaning that the resistivity increases with the replacement of waste LCD glass powder. This is because the waste LCD glass powder contains 62% SiO2, which is a low dielectric material that is an insulator. Therefore, the resistivity increases with the SiO2 content.