Repeated Insulin Injections Research Articles

Gluconeogenesis in the eel. III. Effects of mammalian insulin on the carbohydrate metabolism of the eel.

The effects of pork insulin injection on eel carbohydrate metabolism were studied. A single injection of 5IU/kg of insulin produced an immediate and pronounced hypoglycemia. Blood glucose returned to a near normal level around 15 hr after the injection, but decreased slightly again thereafter. Single or repeated injections of insulin at a dose of 5IU/kg/22 hr produced a pronounced hypoglycemia and a marked decrease of plasma amino nitrogen and liver glycogen. Neither single nor repeated injections of insulin produced any significant changes in the amounts of muscle glycogen and liver fat or in the activities of liver GOT, liver GPT, liver FDP, and liver PFK. From these results, insulin seems to accelerate the movement of amino acids from plasma to peripheral tissue space, resulting in the suppression of amino acid gluconeo-genesis in the liver of eels.

Positive chronotropic response of the canine SA node to insulin.

Constant pressure perfusion of the canine sinus node artery was performed in 9 isolated atrium preparations and in 4 in situ preparations anesthetized with i. v. sodium pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg. Insulin, 1, 3, 10 or 20 units, was injected into the sinus node artery. Doses of more than 10 units of insulin induced a positive chronotropic response in the isolated preparations and in 2 out of 4 in situ preparations. The positive chronotropic effect became less prominent by repeated injections of insulin but never disappeared completely. This insulin-induced sinus acceleration was not completely blocked by propranolol which blocked norepinephrine action. It is concluded that insulin at large dose level induces a positive chronotropic response which is not due to cardiac β-adrenergic stimulation.

A Peculiar Cutaneous Reaction to Repeated Injections of Insulin

A bizarre skin lesion consisting of a collection of brown, hyperkeratotic papules appeared on the thighs of a 51-year-old diabetic man, after repeated insulin injections into the same area over a period of two or more years. The reason for the development of this type of lesion instead of the usual lipodystrophy that follows multiple insulin injections is obscure.

A peculiar cutaneous reaction to repeated injections of insulin

A peculiar cutaneous reaction to repeated injections of insulin

Early effects of total pancreatectomy on fat metabolism in the rat.

Within 2 hours after ‘total’ pancreatectomy in fasting rats blood concentrations of glucose, ketone bodies and total lipids were significantly elevated. Blood ketone bodies and total lipids increased before the blood glucose reached diabetic levels. The increase in blood lipids was due largely to triglycerides and was accompanied by accumulation of fat in the liver and kidneys. When depleted of body fat prior to surgery, pancreatectomized rats did not develop ketosis, hyperlipemia or fatty liver and kidneys. Repeated injections of insulin started immediately after pancreatectomy prevented development of diabetes. When insulin was given for the first time 1 day after pancreatectomy, blood glucose, ketone bodies and fats were lowered to normal fasting levels within 3 hours; 2 days after pancreatectomy, blood glucose and fats were reduced to normal levels whereas the ketonemia, although somewhat decreased, remained high. The rapid changes in blood ketone bodies are interpreted as evidence of a direct insulin action on liver. The decreased insulin effect on ketonemia in rats deprived of insulin for 2 days may indicate development of hepatic resistance to insulin.

Action of insulin on deposition of glycogen and storage of fat in adipose tissue.

Soon after the discovery of insulin, clinical observers reported the occurrence of atrophies (Depisch, 1926; Barborka, 1926) and hypertrophies (Eeg-Olofsson, 1930; Rowe and Garrison, 1932) of subcutaneous adipose tissue at the site of repeated insulin injections. A number of case reports and statistical studies have since been published. It has been shown that in insulin atrophies the abnormal process consists of simple disappearance of fat without evidence of inflammatory reaction (Marble and Smith, 1942). Moreover, lipodystrophy without evidence of inflammation has not been reported following injection of substances other than insulin. The production of insulin lipodystrophies in animals has been attempted by Reed, Anderson, and Mendel (1930), Marble and Smith (1942), Goldner (1943) and Oesterreicher (1947) with conflicting results. In the search for an explanation of the effect of insulin on the adipose tissue of diabetics, various factors not concerned with the actual metabolic action of insulin have ...

Local Fat Hyperplasia from Repeated Insulin Injections

Local Fat Hyperplasia from Repeated Insulin Injections