Repair Sequences Research Articles

Repairing Alliance Ruptures in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: A Preliminary Task Analysis

For mental health professionals, navigating ruptures in the therapeutic alliance can be difficult. In order to aid practitioners through this therapeutic impasse, the development of an alliance rupture repair model in Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) was achieved by conducting a preliminary task analysis. A rational model of alliance rupture repair in EFT was formulated from data analysis of a thought experiment with four experienced certified EFT therapists. The rational model was then compared with the empirical analysis of alliance rupture repair sequences during EFT sessions with a certified EFT therapist. The final rational-empirical model and treatment implications are discussed.

"My major is English, belive it or not:)" — Participant Orientations in Nonnative/ Native Text Chat

In their interactions with native speakers (NS), nonnative speakers (NNS) often position themselves as relative novices. For example, they may orient to the language expertise differential by apologizing for their linguistic ineptness or by making self-disparaging remarks about their second language (L2). This is true even for advanced learners in settings which foreground language learning (Hosoda, 2006). By and large, previous research on NNS/NS interaction has narrowly focused on instances where L2 ineptness interferes with mutual understanding. Widening the scope of analysis, this study considers such orientations more broadly, including those where perceived L2 shortcomings did not trigger miscommunication. Using extracts from a corpus of dyadic NNS/NS task-based interactions in quasi-synchronous CMC (SCMC), this study seeks to document ways in which advanced NNS participants position themselves and are positioned by NSs. The findings show that, as a group, these orientations to participants' differential language competence do not primarily occur in (other-)repair sequences but rather elsewhere in the interaction. The data suggest that they serve a range of social functions, including (re-)indexing an L2 social self, building and maintaining social solidarity and intersubjectivity with the coparticipant, and ratifying the power of the native speaker (see Kramsch, 1998).

Unpacking “Self”

Goffman’s work on footing has paved the way to specifying the analytic concepts of speaker and hearer in social interaction. This article empirically examines participants’ moment-by-moment negotiated understandings of speakerhood in the context of conversational repair—sequences of talk dedicated to resolving problems of hearing, speaking, or understanding. I demonstrate that participation in repair sequences reflects interactants’ orientations to socially distributed rights to knowledge, or epistemics. Even though speakers are ordinarily entitled to speak on their own behalf and, thus, to repair their own talk, the application of this right is a contingent, negotiated, and sometimes contested matter. Using the methodology of conversation analysis to examine a large corpus of video-recorded English, Russian, and bilingual multiparty interactions, I show how asymmetries in participants’ experiences and expertise are drawn upon in the process of repair resolution, suggesting a respecification of the notion of “self” as it pertains to repair.

Sequence of Urban Bridge Maintenance and Repair Based on Multiple Factors

With the bridge maintenance reinforced gradual increase in demand, the maintenance and repair of bridges and related facilities need to spend a lot of money. And the bridge of the limit line, weight limit, demolition and reconstruction measures will have a significant impact on traffic. Therefore, bridge maintenance decisions had become a problem faced by the facilities management department. In the case of limited funds, how can we determine the order of bridge repair and reinforcement, take the maintenance of the extent to which the urgent need for a systematic, efficient and practical method to develop optimal bridge maintenance and repair strategies to ensure that high-risk bridge timely conservation maintenance. This paper proposes a method of bridge maintenance and repair ranking The paper analyze a multivariate method, get result of multivariate, and verify the feasibility of the approach by using an example.

Genetic diseases affecting the eyelids

The molecular basis of a number of inherited diseases that affect the eyelids has been elucidated over the last two decades. Due to the vast number of these diseases, a clinician may become overwhelmed by the volume of data, making it difficult to incorporate newer information into his or her clinical practice. This article intends to review the recent developments of inherited diseases that affect the eyelids that a typical oculoplastic surgeon will encounter. This review proposes categorizing genetic diseases affecting the eyelids on rarity and whether the disease manifests itself at birth or later in life. Based on this classification system the following 10 diseases (the first five manifesting at birth, the last five later in life) are considered more likely to be encountered by the typical oculoplastic surgeon and reviewed in detail: blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome, congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, congenital myasthenic syndrome, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, myotonic dystrophy, neurofibromatosis type 2, and basal cell nevus syndrome. The remaining known genetic disorders that affect the eyelids are considered less likely to be encountered by the typical oculoplastic surgeon and are listed in tabular form. It is prudent for the oculoplastic surgeon to be knowledgeable of inherited disorders that affect the eyelids to aid in accurate diagnosis, counseling, and treatment. The development of future therapies may at some point make treatment of these diseases no longer surgical. http://links.lww.com/COOP/A4.

Reduced breath support in a speaker with dysarthria secondary to multiple sclerosis

This case study describes a patient with reduced breath support due to multiple sclerosis. Although deficits to the supralaryngeal structures are more commonly associated with a reduction in intelligibility, atypical breathing patterns can severely impact the perceptual coherence of dysarthric speech. This is most likely to manifest in conversational speech as the demands of correctly signalling syntactic, pragmatic and interactional information all rely on control of the breath support system. The study uses the method of interactional phonetics to consider in combination the role of phonetic, linguistic and interactional design in the speaker’s natural conversation. The analysis was carried out by taking into account the sequential order of turns and representative extracts are presented. The patient’s dysarthria has previously been identified as mild but the findings indicate that issues surrounding breath group length, speech rate and phonatory instability all surface in conversational speech. Of particular interest are the introduction of new person referents and their potential to trigger repair sequences. The findings indicate that a mild dysarthria with reduced breath support as a primary symptom can cause considerable problems of understandability in conversational speech. However, attention to the way in which potentially problematic interactional tasks are carried out and the successful use of repair strategies can minimise these issues.

Optimization of Ship Field Repair Scheduling Based on Depth First Search Method

Ship field repair sheduling is a asynchronism and concurrency process. Although it is complex, it is very important in the field repair decision at wartime. Through the optimal field repair scheduling, we can reduce the total repair time and improve repair efficiency. Regretly ship field repair scheduling optimization model has not been researched perfectly. Generally speaking, there are field repair processes of two kinds. Repair processe of one kind is that the repair sequence is fixed and the repair resource need not be scheduled. It is used to schedule repair tasks of the same kind. Repair processe of the other kind is that the repair resoure should be scheduled to reduce the total repair time. It is used to schedule the repair tasks of the different kind. The scheduling method of the first kind has been researched in math work. But the math model turns to be complex when the amount of the object increases. The scheduling method of the second kind is more complex than the first one. It is a typical asynchronism and concurrency process. So the new feasible models should be researched. Based on the repair processes of the two kinds, two ship field repair scheduling models are founded based on timed colored Petri net (TCPN) and depth first search method in this paper. The timed colored Petri net is used to model repair process and its transition rules are used to design the arithmetic. The arithmetics of the two models are explained in detail. In the second arithmetic, the conflict-solution is researched particularly. Conflict-solution method is corresponding to the field repair resource scheduling plan. The conflict-solution problem is solved based on depth first search method of artifical intelligence. Through the examples of the use of the two arithmetics, we find that the arithmetics given in this paper are very feasible and convenient. The field repair scheduling optimization models are the basic of the ship field repair and safety recovery intelligent decision support system. Through the optimization models we can generate the repair scheduling plan intelligently. That is to say the two models are not only optimization models but also intelligent models.

A case for optimising fracture healing through inverse dynamization

The mechanical conditions in the repair tissues are known to influence the outcome of fracture healing. These mechanical conditions are determined by the stiffness of fixation and limb loading. Experimental studies have shown that there is a range of beneficial fixation stiffness for timely healing and that fixation stiffness that is either too flexible or too stiff impairs callus healing. However, much less is known about how mechanical conditions influence the biological processes that make up the sequence of bone repair and if indeed mechanical stimulation is required at all stages of repair. Secondary bone healing occurs through a sequence of events broadly characterised by inflammation, proliferation, consolidation and remodelling. It is our hypothesis that a change in fixation stiffness from very flexible to stiff can shorten the time to healing relative to constant fixation stiffness. Flexible fixation has the benefit of promoting greater callus formation and needs to be applied during the proliferative stage of repair. The greater callus size helps to stabilize the fragments earlier allowing mineralization to occur faster. Together with stable/rigid fixation applied during the latter stage of repair to ensure mineralization of the callus. The predicted benefits of inverse dynamization are shortened healing in comparison to very flexible fixation and healing time comparable or faster than stable fixation with greater callus stiffness.

A unique DNA repair and recombination gene (recN) sequence for identification and intraspecific molecular typing of bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and its comparative analysis with ribosomal DNA sequences

Ribosomal gene sequences are a popular choice for identification of bacterial species and, often, for making phylogenetic interpretations. Although very popular, the sequences of 16S rDNA and 16-23S intergenic sequences often fail to differentiate closely related species of bacteria. The availability of complete genome sequences of bacteria, in the recent years, has accelerated the search for new genome targets for phylogenetic interpretations. The recently published full genome data of nine strains of R. solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt of crop plants, has provided enormous genomic choices for phylogenetic analysis in this globally important plant pathogen. We have compared a gene candidate recN, which codes for DNA repair and recombination function, with 16S rDNA/16-23S intergenic ribosomal gene sequences for identification and intraspecific phylogenetic interpretations in R. solanacearum. recN gene sequence analysis of R. solanacearum revealed subgroups within phylotypes (or newly proposed species within plant pathogenic genus, Ralstonia), indicating its usefulness for intraspecific genotyping. The taxonomic discriminatory power of recN gene sequence was found to be superior to ribosomal DNA sequences. In all, the recN-sequence-based phylogenetic tree generated with the Bayesian model depicted 21 haplotypes against 15 and 13 haplotypes obtained with 16S rDNA and 16-23S rDNA intergenic sequences, respectively. Besides this, we have observed high percentage of polymorphic sites (S 23.04%), high rate of mutations (Eta 276) and high codon bias index (CBI 0.60), which makes the recN an ideal gene candidate for intraspecific molecular typing of this important plant pathogen.

Abstract 654: Do epimutations affect MLH1 alone or a broad spectrum of genes to increase the severity of the associated cancer phenotype.

Abstract Germline mutations of the DNA mismatch repair genes, MLH1 and MSH2, are the major cause of Lynch syndrome, characterised by a predisposition to the development of microsatellite unstable colorectal, endometrial and additional cancers below 50 years of age. However, approximately one third of cases with a clinical suspicion have no identifiable mismatch repair sequence mutation. In recent years, constitutive epigenetic dysregulation of MLH1, so-called “constitutional epimutation," has been identified in a small proportion of these mutation-negative cases. The mechanism of onset and stochastic intergenerational transmission of this defect remains unknown, but may involve the co-inheritance of a trans-acting factor that causes aberrant epigenetic programming of MLH1, and possibly additional loci, in the germline or early embryo. The aim of this work is to determine if constitutional MLH1 epimutations occur in a focal manner, or in the context of a more generalised epigenomic mechanism that may exacerbate the cancer phenotype. Using the Illumina HumanMethylation450k BeadChip we studied 6 confirmed carriers of an MLH1 epimutation and 6 healthy controls matched for age and gender to determine if MLH1 epimutations are accompanied by additional epigenetic defects. Preliminary results have shown that other genes are indeed concomitantly and aberrantly methylated or hypomethylated alongside MLH1 and the methylation status of these genes is currently under validation. The finding of concomitant methylation or hypomethylation of additional loci would provide strong evidence for a defective trans-acting factor as the underlying cause of epimutations and may also contribute to the phenotypic expression of this aetiological mechanism. Citation Format: Amanda G. Silva, Konsta Duesing, Robyn Ward, Megan Hitchins. Do epimutations affect MLH1 alone or a broad spectrum of genes to increase the severity of the associated cancer phenotype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 654. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-654

Monitoring Homology Search during DNA Double-Strand Break Repair In Vivo

Homologous recombination (HR) is crucial for genetic exchange and accurate repair of DNA double-strand breaks and is pivotal for genome integrity. HR uses homologous sequences for repair, but how homology search, the exploration of the genome for homologous DNA sequences, is conducted in the nucleus remains poorly understood. Here, we use time-resolved chromatin immunoprecipitations of repair proteins to monitor homology search in vivo. We found that homology search proceeds by a probing mechanism, which commences around the break and samples preferentially on the broken chromosome. However, elements thought to instruct chromosome loops mediate homology search shortcuts, and centromeres, which cluster within the nucleus, may facilitate homology search on other chromosomes. Our study thus reveals crucial parameters for homology search in vivo and emphasizes the importance of linear distance, chromosome architecture, and proximity for recombination efficiency.

Choosing Not to Repair: Sorry as a Warrant for Interactional Progress

Problems in conversation with those who suffer from aphasia often result in long sequences of repair, hindering progress. This article identifies an aphasic speaker's creative adaptation of a familiar linguistic resource to try and get around the problem. He uses the lexical apology sorry as a resource to close down collaborative word searching and to move the conversation forward. The analysis shows how he mobilizes the linguistic properties of the word to render it interpretable by the coparticipant in the interaction. We also see how his use of sorry to move the conversation on depends for its effect on epistemic authority—what both parties to the interaction know about the topic under discussion.

Native speaker and nonnative speaker identities in repair practices of English conversation

Within the theoretical and methodological framework of Conversation Analysis, the present study explores the nature of the native speaker (NS) and nonnative speaker (NNS) identities in repair practices of English conversation. It has identified and analyzed in detail repair sequences in the data and has also conducted quantitative analyses in order to investigate the relationship between NS/NNS identities and repair practices. The results show that the categories of NS and NNS identities are social products that are invoked during and through the participants’ ongoing interaction. First of all, the participants did not invariably make their NS/NNS identities relevant to their repair work; specifically, more than half of the repair practices were irrelevant to these identities. Secondly, when the participants’ NS/NNS identities were made relevant to repair, both the NS and the NNS participants initiated repair in order to solve interactional problems that had resulted from the NNS participants’ insufficient linguistic abilities. The participants’ orientation to their NS/NNS identities was frequently triggered by the NNS participants’ repair-initiation while the NS participants invoked these linguistic identities only in a limited range of interactional environments. The findings of this study provide a further empirical basis for arguing the importance of an emic approach to NS-NNS interactions and the potential to learn new vocabulary through repair.

Self- and other-repairs in child–adult interaction at the intersection of pragmatic abilities and language acquisition

Children's language acquisition develops at the crossroads of the appropriation of the linguistic system and its use in dialogue. Analyzing how children and adults cooperate to overcome production or comprehension troubles in repair sequences can help us understand those interesting moments when the interdependence of ‘language’ and ‘speech’ in interaction is brought to light. These sequences also reflect the mutual influence of linguistic development and socialization in children's language acquisition through the organization of child–adult interactions as socially constructed practices (Forrester, 2008). Furthermore, if other-repairs in dialogue are efficient and help children acquire the linguistic system, self-repairs illustrate children's language development through conversation. Children's capacity to self-repair rests on their ability to monitor conversation, position themselves in dialogue and handle the linguistic system well enough to alter, adjust or correct the form and/or the content of their productions according to conventions and to their communicative intent. Both other and self-repairs could therefore be analyzed as indicators of the child's cognitive, social-pragmatic and linguistic development.The notion of ‘repair’, whether it be self-repair or other-repair, implies some intentionality, a target to reach, either from the point of view of the meaning of the utterance or the point of view of its form. A sequence with a repair is a sequence during which one of the interlocutors is confronted with a comprehension or production problem and tries to remediate that in order for the ‘cooperative principle’ to hold good (Grice, 1989 quoted by Bernicot and Clark, 2010).Repair sequences have been mainly studied within two theoretical frameworks: conversation analysis (Schegloff et al., 1977; Forrester, 2008) and pragmatic analyses of child–adult interactions (Chouinard and Clark, 2003; Bernicot et al., 2006). The present study on self and other-repairs is at the crossroads of these two theoretical approaches.

Impact of DNA polymorphisms in key DNA base excision repair proteins on cancer risk

Genetic variation in DNA repair genes can modulate DNA repair capacity and may be related to cancer risk. However, study findings have been inconsistent. Inheritance of variant DNA repair genes is believed to influence individual susceptibility to the development of environmental cancer. Reliable knowledge on which the base excision repair (BER) sequence variants are associated with cancer risk would help elucidate the mechanism of cancer. Given that most of the previous studies had inadequate statistical power, we have conducted a systematic review on sequence variants in three important BER proteins. Here, we review published studies on the association between polymorphism in candidate BER genes and cancer risk. We focused on three key BER genes: 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1/APEX1) and x-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1). These specific DNA repair genes were selected because of their critical role in maintaining genome integrity and, based on previous studies, suggesting that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes have protective or deleterious effects on cancer risk. A total of 136 articles in the December 13, 2010 MEDLINE database (National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) reporting polymorphism in OGG1, XRCC1 or APE1 genes were analyzed. Many of the reported SNPs had diverse association with specific human cancers. For example, there was a positive association between the OGG1 Ser326Cys variant and gastric and lung cancer, while the XRCC1 Arg399Gln variant was associated with reduced cancer risk. Gene-environment interactions have been noted and may be important for colorectal and lung cancer risk and possibly other human cancers.

How to study experience

Social analysts find it hard to throw off the dualism of traditional psychology. Discursive psychology offers a non-dualistic approach to psychological matters that works with the displays and orientations of participants, and recognizes that psychological matters are managed immediately and subtly through the normative resources of interaction. James Cresswell attempts to provide an alternative account of ‘experience’; drawing on the writing of Bakhtin, he offers a kind of socialized dualism. His account is illustrated by analysing talk from an open-ended interview. The current article (a) offers an alternative analysis of that talk highlighting the operation of highly conventional repair sequences; (b) questions Cresswell’s inferences from the interviewee’s talk to their underlying ‘experiences’; (c) illustrates how matters that might classically be considered as ‘experiential’ can be handled from a non-dualistic interactional perspective, using an example from a research programme on crying and upset; and (d) offers some general principles for the study of ‘experience’.

Interaction of nucleotide excision repair proteins with DNA containing bulky lesion and apurinic/apyrimidinic site

The interaction of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins (XPC-HR23b, RPA, and XPA) with 48-mer DNA duplexes containing the bulky lesion-mimicking fluorescein-substituted derivative of dUMP (5-{3-[6-(carboxyamidofluoresceinyl)amidocapromoyl]allyl}-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate) in a cluster with a lesion of another type (apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site) has been studied. It is shown that XPC-HR23b is modified to a greater extent by the DNA duplex containing an AP site opposite nucleotide adjacent to the fluorescein residue than by DNA containing an AP site shifted to the 3'- or 5'-end of the DNA strand. The efficiency of XPA modification by DNA duplexes containing both AP site and fluorescein residue is higher than that by DNA lacking the bulky lesion; the modification pattern in this case depends on the AP site position. In accordance with its major function, RPA interacts more efficiently with single-stranded DNA than with DNA duplexes, including those bearing bulky lesions. The observed interaction between the proteins involved in nucleotide excision repair and DNA structures containing a bulky lesion processed by NER and the AP site repaired via base excision repair may be significant for both these repair pathways in cells and requires the specific sequence of repair of clustered DNA lesions.

Language alternation and conversational repair in bilingual conversation

Researchers have consistently reported language alternation in repair sequences in bilingual conversation. However, up until now, no systematic account of the relationship between language alternation and conversational repair has been put forward. The aim of this article is to fill this gap. Two main questions are addressed: (a) where in the repair sequence can language alternation occur? And (b) what does language alternation do in repair sequences when it occurs? Two main theoretical ideas are drawn upon in addressing these research questions, namely the fact that “nothing is, in principle, excludable from the class ‘repairable’” (Schegloff, Jefferson & Sacks, 1977, p. 363) and the fact that language choice itself is a “significant aspect of talk organisation” (Gafaranga, 1999). Applying these ideas, the article shows that language alternation can occur at any point in the repair sequence. As for the functionality of language alternation, the article shows that, among bilingual speakers, repair may be addressed to language choice itself. Alternatively, language alternation may be used as an additional resource in the organization of repair.

Across languages and cultures: Brokering problems of understanding in conversational repair

AbstractThis article examines the interactional construction of language competence in bilingual immigrant communities. The focus is on how participants in social interaction resolve problems of understanding that are demonstrably rooted in their divergent linguistic and cultural expertise. Using the methodology of conversation analysis to examine mundane video-recorded conversations in Russian-American immigrant families, I describe a previously unanalyzed communicative practice for solving understanding problems: by one participant enacting the role of a language broker in a repair sequence. The article thus contributes to the existing research on the interactional construction of language competence, on the one hand, and on the organization of repair and its relationship to social epistemics, on the other. (Language brokering, repair, conversation analysis, social epistemics, multiparty conversation, Russian, immigrant families, intercultural communication)*

Modeling the impact of concomitant aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta on left ventricular workload

Coarctation of the aorta (COA) is an obstruction of the aorta and is usually associated with bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve stenosis (AS). When COA coexists with AS, the left ventricle (LV) is facing a double hemodynamic load: a valvular load plus a vascular load. The objective of this study was to develop a lumped parameter model, solely based on non-invasive data, allowing the description of the interaction between LV, COA, AS and the arterial system. First, a formulation describing the instantaneous net pressure gradient through the COA was introduced and the predictions were compared to in vitro results. The model was then used to determine LV work induced by coexisting AS and COA with different severities. The results show that LV stroke work varies from 0.98 J (no-AS; no-COA) up to 2.15 J (AS: 0.61 cm 2+COA: 90%). Our results also show that the proportion of the total flow rate that will cross the COA is significantly reduced with the increasing COA severity (from 85% to 40%, for a variation of COA severity from 0% to 90%, respectively). Finally, we introduced simple formulations capable of, non-invasively, estimating both LV peak systolic pressure and workload. As a conclusion, this study allowed the development of a lumped parameter model, based on non-invasive measurements, capable of accurately investigating the impact of coexisting AS and COA on LV workload. This model can be used to optimize the management of patients with COA and AS in terms of the sequence of lesion repair.