Repair Of Agricultural Machinery Research Articles

Theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the safety of workers at diagnostic posts, maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery

Theoretical and practical aspects of ensuring the safety of workers at diagnostic posts, maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery

The history of agricultural machinery repair system in Russia

The paper highlights the imperative for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The research aims to undertake a retrospective analysis illuminating the evolution and establishment of the machine repair system. This analysis spans from the production of the inaugural Soviet tractor to the advancement and production of contemporary machinery and equipment. (Materials and methods) The paper analyses publications from different periods focused on the challenges surrounding the establishment of a centralized system for the repair and maintenance of machinery and equipment across all stages of agricultural production development. (Results and discussion). The paper sheds the light on the dynamics of tractor production in the early 1930s, detailing the transition from reliance on imports to the utilization of domestic agricultural machinery in the local market, alongside the phases involved in establishing a domestic repair service system. Furthermore, it explores the evolution of repair workshops at machinery technological stations from 1928 to 1957 and outlines the structuring of a repair depot within the enterprises of the All-Union Association «Soyuzselkhoztekhnika» between 1961 and 1990. Additionally, the paper delves into the analysis of repair strategies, ranging from individualized to in-line approaches. The paper underscores the pivotal role of academic and industrial science in equipping repair enterprises with essential technological documentation, repair equipment, and supplementary materials. It also highlights their contribution to the development of methodological support for maintenance and repair operations at the level of a centralized system. (Conclusions) The paper presents information on the research and design activities undertaken by specialized laboratories and departments within the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization VIM from 1930 to 1961. It acknowledges the significant contributions of scientists and experts in the domains of machine wear theory and the standardization of repair technologies. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the critical influence of the State Union Scientific Research Technological Institute for the Repair and Operation of Tractors and Agricultural Machines GOSNITI between 1963 and 2013 on establishing a robust machinery repair and maintenance system. It outlines the potential and future directions for the evolution of a service system for agricultural machinery.

Проектирование ремонтных мастерских сельскохозяйственных предприятий с учетом требований безопасности

The article discusses the design of repair shops of agricultural enterprises taking into account safety requirements. The design of repair shops for maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery is a complex of numerous activities aimed at organizing uninterrupted, high-performance and safe work, which requires close attention during the design process to all elements of the technical process, compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents both at the project development stage and at stage of implementation and operation of the facility. Keywords: REPAIR SHOP, AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE, SAFETY, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, STORAGE OF EQUIPMENT, WORKING CONDITIONS, LABOR SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

Technical and economic assessment of maintenance and repair systems of agricultural machinery

Relevance. The efficiency of agricultural production largely depends on the technical condition of the agricultural machinery fleet. The technical condition, in turn, depends on many factors that determine the level of operation of the equipment. One of the most important factors determining the reliability of agricultural machinery, the cost of restoring and maintaining the working condition of agricultural machinery is the frequency of maintenance. As a result of studies conducted in the agricultural organizations of the region, it was revealed that engineering and technical services, when organizing maintenance and repair (TO and R), use canceled GOST, referring to the fact that domestic equipment, its reliability and performance are not able to recover when frequency of 125 hours. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the frequency of maintenance and repair on the preservation of the resource and the indicator of the rate of change of the resource, on the performance of the machine-tractor unit (MTA), on fuel consumption, on the costs of restoring and maintaining the working condition of agricultural tractors.Methods. The following methods were used in the study: normative, statistical, expert assessments, experimental, calculation-constructive, economic-mathematical methods. For the economic justification of the periodicity of technical impacts of agricultural machinery, statistical data from agricultural organizations were used, GOST regulating the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery were used.Results. The maintenance and repair system, regulated by GOST 20793-2009, meets the requirements of technical and production operation of tractors. Traction properties of tractors are higher by 0.7%, specific fuel consumption during agricultural technological operations is lower by 0.5%, labor costs for maintaining and restoring technical readiness are lower by 13.8%.

Ensuring the environmental friendliness of internal combustion engines of agricultural machines in conditions of limited air exchange

The method of protection of personnel working in greenhouses, greenhouses and premises for maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery from exposure to exhaust gases in accordance with the “environmental concept”, according to which the negative impact must be reduced before the products of spent gases will enter the air of the working area of the service personnel and the driver of the machine. The problem was solved with the help of evaporative humidification of the air-fuel mixture due to its simplicity and effectiveness, confirmed during tests on a tractor.

СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА ДОМІНАНТАРОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА НА СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ

The article examines the social and economic dominant of the development of entrepreneurship in rural areas. The basic functionality of the entrepreneurship sector in rural areas is substantiated. It has been proven that the economic dominance of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas is a platform for changing the structure of the rural economy, freedom of economic choice, and expansion of rural areas. The social dominant involves restraining migration processes, developing social capital, realizing the potential of an entrepreneur. The growing influence of the social and economic dominant on the activity of changing the vector of the rural economy is substantiated. This makes it possible to expand new forms of business, create conditions for the development of alternative types of economic activity and contribute to improving the quality of life of the rural population. It was determined that the social stability of entrepreneurship in rural areas brings additional income for the people themselves, which contributes to raising the standard of living of the rural population and increasing its well-being. Entrepreneurship is directly the source of the formation of budgets of local village councils to solve the problem of food needs of the population and ensure food security in general. It is substantiated that agribusiness in rural areas contributes to the formation of agricultural product processing chains, procurement of raw materials, repair of agricultural machinery and provision of services. It has been proven that organizational, economic and legal measures are implemented on the state policy of the development of Ukrainian entrepreneurship, taking into account the peculiarities of rural areas, the real impact of the innovation-investment model of the rural economy and world globalization processes. The social and economic dominant factor in the development of entrepreneurship is the logical structure of the interaction of all its elements at different levels, aimed at improving the quantitative and qualitative indicators of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas.

ALEKSANDR I. SELIVANOV - FOUNDER OF THE AGING THEORY OF MACHINES

Academician of VASKhNIL Alexander Ivanovich Selivanov is the founder of the theory of aging of machines. The analysis and study of technology research in the process of its consumption and aging is an urgent task. (Research purpose) The research purpose is outlining the life path of A.I. Selivanov and analyzing his scientific activities. (Materials and methods) Reviewed the published works of academician A.I. Selivanov, publications of contemporaries, his students and colleagues, archival documents. (Results and discussion) They described in detail the life path of Academician A.I. Selivanova from high school graduation, education, and the beginning of scientific activity within the walls of VIM. It was noted that A.I. Selivanov took part in the Great Patriotic War as an assistant commander of a separate tractor battalion in the technical part. He had military awards. We evaluated the results of his activities in the post-war years to restore worn-out cars with the development of standard repair technology, for this work, A.I. Selivanov, together with his staff, was awarded the Stalin Prize. The role of A.I. Selivanov in the creation of the Institute of State University was shown. They indicated the topics and dates of the defense of the candidate’s and doctoral dissertations. Special attention was paid to the analysis of the work and the results obtained on the creation of the «Agricultural Machinery» system. They noted the scientific and pedagogical activity of academician A.I. Selivanov. (Conclusions) A.I. Selivanov became one of the largest authorities in the field of durability and repair of agricultural machinery. Many of his books and articles have been translated and published abroad. In total, he has published more than 200 printed works. For his labor merits, he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, and many medals. Effective processes of restoration of worn parts, cleaning them from contamination before defecation and assembly, methods and means of diagnostics, maintenance and storage of machines have been introduced into economic practice.

PROMISING AREAS OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

In the agro-industrial complex, it is possible to reduce operating costs by improving the organization and technology of maintenance and repair of machines, including using digital solutions. (Research purpose) The research purpose is identifying the promising areas for the development of digital technologies and the possibilities of their application in the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods) Used open information sources and Internet resources of specialized Russian scientific and educational organizations and industrial companies, as well as materials of various annual exhibitions, including international ones; electronic information resources in the form of databases that are created and maintained at Rosinformagrotech (Results and discussion) It was determined that such digital solutions as «smart spare parts warehouse», «smart oil storage» are used in repair and maintenance production. It was established that the promising areas of the use of digital technologies include digital enterprise management systems, intelligent systems for diagnosing machines, robotic systems. One of the most dynamically developing areas of «digital» production in the world is the use of additive technologies that can be used in the manufacture of spare parts and the restoration of parts, including for imported machinery. In recent years, the trend of digitalization development in various industries, including the agro-industrial complex, has been the use of «digital» doubles. (Conclusions) In the field of maintenance and repair, intelligent systems for diagnosing machines, «digital» doubles, 3D scanning and reverse engineering of parts, 3D printing of spare parts and additive technologies for repairing parts will be in demand.

SYNTHESIS OF THE MODERN AGRICULTURAL MACHINES TECHNICAL MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION FORM, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PECULIARITIES OF THE OPERATION OF THEIR HYDRAULIC DRIVES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The domestic scientific and methodical principles of the organization of the system of technical maintenance and repair of agricultural machines today do not fully comply with the established material and technical capabilities and market relations that have developed in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine, directly in the context of hydraulic machines, which are equipped with modern agricultural machinery. Decomposition of the theoretical structure of the organization of technical maintenance and repair of components of agricultural machines, further analysis of its elements made it possible to identify a number of factors: subjective distribution of service personnel, improperly organized exchange of experience between equipment operators within the enterprise, no reward for independent elimination of equipment failures by own efforts, an unhealthy level of competition between equipment operators during seasonal agricultural works in accordance with the terms of their implementation, which affects the quality of repair and maintenance work of hydraulic equipment. As a result of solving the identified issues of the maintenance and repair system, a system of restrictions has been proposed, which reflects the control of the efficiency indicators of the operators of the equipment due to their compliance with the values of the performance factor of the norms of agricultural technical works, changes in the time of performing agricultural technical works and restoring the efficiency of hydraulic drives. Based on the proposals, an algorithm has also been built to eliminate the failure of machines in the organization of maintenance and repair due to the depersonalization of the items of the machine and tractor fleet. The presented form, to a greater extent, is based on the minimization of the negative effects of the human factor, which prevent the objective organization of the work of equipment operators in the agro-industrial sector of Ukraine, which allows to reduce the average downtime of equipment and the deadlines for performing agricultural technical works due to the reassessment of the role of the qualification of equipment operators in service maintenance aggregates of hydraulic systems. The theoretical efficiency of the developed form of organization of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery will boost with an increase in the number of machines in the machine fleet of the agricultural sector, and proposals involving a change in the system of exchange of experience between machinery operators require a sufficient number of workers and machinery to ensure the possibility of solving tasks in pairs to avoid working equipment downtime.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РАСПОЛОЖЕНИЯ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ И РЕМОНТА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

The results of studies on optimizing the location of regional centers for maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery are presented. An original technique is proposed, the implementation of which includes three stages. The number of regional centers for maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in the region, taking into account the relevant basic dealer standards, depending on the number of agricultural machinery in the region under consideration, was determined at the first stage.The second stage included the division of the considered territorial area into subareas, using the theory of sets. The elements of set theory made it possible to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the area under consideration as a territorial subject and a certain set as a mathematical object with certain mathematical properties. The elements of set theory made it possible to establish a one-to-one correspondence between the area under consideration as a territorial subject and a certain set as a mathematical object with certain mathematical properties. The representation of an area, which is a territorial unit, as a set, defined as a mathematical object, made it possible to abstract and proceed to the study of its physical properties using mathematical symbols and criteria. he values of the effective time for each district center included in the subdomain under consideration were determined at the final stage, and the choice of one district center within each subdomain under consideration was carried out according to the smallest value of the effective time. The coefficient of availability of serviced equipment for a particular district center, in which it was supposed to design a center for maintenance and repair of agricultural equipment, was used in calculating the effective time. It was determined that the travel time of a service center specialist - 1.8 hours was established. The optimal distance for finding technical service objects from the main or additional service centers - no more than 63 km was established.

JQCZAG. RESOURCE-SAVING SYSTEM OF MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF MACHINES

The article presents the results of research on the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery, as well as strategies for maintaining it in working condition. The system of technical support and repair of machinery in agriculture is maximally focused on the strategy of performing repair and maintenance actions with periodic or continuous monitoring. (Research purpose) The research purpose is studying the possibility of using a new resource-saving tolerance system for machine parts in the existing maintenance and repair system. (Materials and methods) The assessment of the technical condition of individual units and (or) tractor systems with the use of built-in and portable devices and the determination of their residual life make it possible to predict a repair time and prepare the workplace, spare parts, replacement units, aggregates in a timely manner. The technical and economic condition of the agro-industrial complex is mainly determined by two factors: providing agricultural producers with a regulatory need for agricultural machinery, its reliable maintenance and repair using modern technologies, including the use of a system for assessing the operational properties of the main indicators of machine reliability. (Results and discussion) The article presents the issues of import substitution of repair and technological equipment during the repair and maintenance of agricultural machinery. Authors have developed promising directions for the strategy for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. The repair technologies and reliability indicators of agricultural machines were described. (Conclusions) As a result of the conducted research, the article presents the methods of improving the system of technical service of agricultural machinery, recommendations for their improvement and modernization. We have developed a maintenance and repair strategy based on minimizing the residual life of machine parts.

HGZGKO. MODERN TRENDS IN IMPROVING THE ENGINEERING SERVICE OF AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

Agricultural production in Russia is trying to solve one of the most important national problem: ensuring food security and import substitution. The conducted research and scientific developments of FNAC VIM justified the need to modernize the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing the state of the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex, giving recommendations on the strategy of modernization of this base, taking into account the real capabilities of repair and specialized enterprises at the regional and federal levels. (Materials and methods) The engineering and technical service refers to the segment of the agro-industrial complex. The production facilities of the engineering and technical service should be located directly at agricultural enterprises, serve as an integral part of their infrastructure and form a repair and maintenance base. (Results and discussion) The conducted studies have shown that more than 35 percent of previously certified enterprises have been eliminated over the specified period of time because of unprofitability. In recent years, the number of repair enterprises have a pronounced tendency to reduce. The situation in the agro-industrial complex with maintenance and repair in recent years continues to deteriorate sharply. (Conclusions) The current state of the engineering service requires taking drastic measures to improve it, taking into account modern progressive technologies. The paper presented separate recommendations for improving the repair and maintenance base of the agro-industrial complex, concerning almost all maintenance and repair cycles, including disposal. The main task is to optimize the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in real conditions in which all participants of agricultural production work.

THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ENSURING THE REPAIRABILITY OF ENERGY-SATURATED EQUIPMENT

The high dynamics of the production of new agricultural machinery in recent years is the result of the phased implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Agricultural Machinery until 2030. Currently, it is necessary to work out an integrated approach to ensuring the effective use of manufactured equipment for its entire service life. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to study the existing experience of “Sel’khoztekhnika” to ensure the maintainability of energysaturated equipment and to identify opportunities for further improvement of the dealer service of equipment manufacturers belonging to the association "Ros-Spetsmash". (Materials and methods) The article presents an analysis of previously manufactured products for the maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in the workshops of enterprises including " Sel’khoztekhnika ". At the present stage, for the further effective use of new equipment, it is necessary to conduct a survey of dealers about the availability and condition of existing service equipment, diag-nostic devices, stands for runningin and testing of components and assemblies. (Results and discussion) The article presents a version of the questionnaire to assess the equipment level of service enterprises, as well as proposals for the unification of control, diagnostic and service equipment. The lack of coordination in the maintenance and repair work gives certain negative risks in ensuring maintainability, especially of energysaturated equipment. (Conclusions) It is necessary to conduct a survey of the dealer service of agricultural machinery enterprises that are members of the Rosspetsmash Association for the availability and need of equipment for maintenance, including resource diagnostics and repairs. Based on the data obtained, determine the state of the engineering infrastructure and make recom-mendations to improve the efficiency of using new domestic energysaturated equipment through an integrated approach to ensuring high maintainability for the entire service life.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE I.E. ULMAN SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL TO THE CREATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICE OF MACHINES

The science of repair and restoration of components and parts of agricultural machinery was actively developed in the conditions of the planned economy of the country in the 1950-1980 s. The work of the network of specialized repair plants, maintenance stations, diagnostic points deployed in all regions of the country was based on the scientific and technological basis created by domestic scientists. A great contribution to the accumulation of significant scientific and practical experience in the restoration of agricultural machinery was made by the scientific school of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, headed by I.E. Ulman. (The purpose of the study) TTo analyze the directions of research and development in the field of creating a system for organizing and carrying out maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery and to identify its role in the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region. (Materials and methods) Determined that the beginning of work I.E. Ulman is associated with the development of experimental research methods on various friction units of mechanisms and machines in the laboratory of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M.I. Kalinin and industrial training at the Putilov plant. (Results and discussion) The scientific research of the I.E. Ulman school covered the following main areas: research and development of technological processes for the restoration of worn parts by electrophysical methods; evaluation of the reliability of repaired units and restored parts by accelerated testing methods; diagnostics of mobile equipment units in the process of their repair, research and development of organizational bases for maintenance and repair of machines, restoration of worn parts of a wide range. (Conclusions) The scientific school of I.E. Ulman has made a significant contribution to the development of technologies for restoring worn-out machine parts with various coatings (galvanics, vibro-arc surfacing, baking metal powders).

Possibilities of Using 3D Scanners in the Agro-Industrial Complex

3D scanning finds more and more application every year in various fields of science, technology and production. 3D scanners are devices designed to scan physical objects with the possibility of modification and editing of the obtained models in specialized CAD systems. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to consider the possibilities of using 3D scanners in agriculture based on the analysis of existing models and the principles of their operation. (Materials and methods) There were used open information sources dedicated to the issues of 3D scanning. There have been studied the experience of using a 3D scanner based on FNAC VIM. The research was carried out using methods of collecting, studying and comparative analysis of information. (Results and discussion) With the use of a 3D scanner, it is possible to scan various physical objects, obtaining their three-dimensional digital models with high accuracy (the quality of the result depends on the selected scanner model and the scan processing used). The scanning method distinguishes between contact scanners, scanners using structured light, and laser scanners. Tomographs have been allocated to a separate group as a kind of 3D scanners, which make it possible to obtain models of objects with complex internal cavities. The most popular program is Geomagic Design X as a program that allows to obtain a solid-state model from a scan with subsequent editing in various CAD/CAM/CAE systems. The article presents the experiments conducted on the basis of FNAC VIM, showing the possibility of using 3D scanning to obtain a model of a ploughshare and analyze changes in its shape due to wear. (Conclusions) The use of 3D scanning in the agro-industrial complex is relevant as a means of controlling the geometric dimensions of parts at enterprises engaged in the manufacture and repair of agricultural machinery. 3D scanning serves as a convenient tool for conducting scientific research of a wide range.

Improving the Dynamic Characteristics of Precision Lathes Used in the Repair of Agricultural Machinery

A model of a friction unit of a lathe in the form of a thin layer of material of a honeycomb structure is described to determine the dynamic characteristics of a movable carriage to guide joint. The analysis of the mathematical model of friction for different sliding pairs with varying load and sliding speed is performed. It is shown that the presence of an abrasive impurity in the lubrication of the guide enhances the effect of the low-frequency component of the carriage vibrations on the dynamics of the machine tool and the presence of pockets for retaining the lubricant in the joint of the guide makes it possible to reduce the amplitude of the longitudinal vibrations of the carriage to 30-50 %.

Calculation of the salary and key provisions of the methodology for determining the total costs of technical service of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry

The initial data for calculating the basic salary are: the labour intensity of carrying out maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry, as well as hourly tariff rates for workers in workshops and areas for the repair of agricultural machinery and tools, which are accepted directly in farms and repair and maintenance organizations independently, but not lower than the tariff rate has been established for budget organizations. The purpose of the work was to calculate the basic salary of personnel according to the tariff categories used in the Republic of Belarus, and to consider the key provisions of the methodology for determining the total costs of technical service of machinery and equipment in animal husbandry. The most important provisions of the methodology for calculating the basic salary of personnel of repair and maintenance departments and organizations operating in the livestock subcomplex of the Agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Belarus have been presented. The main points of the methodology for calculating the total costs of maintenance and repair for machines and equipment of livestock farms and complexes have been given in relation to the conditions and their own features of accounting and planning of repair and maintenance work in domestic animal husbandry. An example of practical calculation of costs for carrying out various types of maintenance and repair of a widely used domestic milking machine has been considered.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ БЕЗОТКАЗНОСТИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ГИДРОПРИВОДА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ МАШИН

The article identifies the existing types of troubleshooting of self- propelled agricultural machinery. Taking into account the wear rate of the same type of parts from the group of parts of the same name when determining the permissible wear during their resource diagnostics is an urgent problem. The article presents the resource parameter and its influence on the reliability indicators of machine parts. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in determining the basic principles of the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in order to ensure control of the technical condition of machine parts, in particular, to increase the reliability of hydraulic drive parts. (Materials and methods) The article presents the options for maintenance strategies, the disadvantages and advantages of each of them. (Results and discussion) The article presents standard maintenance strategies: according to the need, planned preventive, according to the condition and justifies the optimal type of maintenance, taking into account the wear rate of each specific part. Authors performed an analysis of the algorithm for carrying out maintenance in each case individually. The tolerance is set based on the condition: if the current value of the controlled resource parameter during the next diagnosis turns out to be less than the set value, then such a part at the current value of the wear rate will be able to refine it until the next inter-control check. (Conclusions) The choice of a maintenance strategy has an important role in increasing the reliability of hydraulic drive parts of agricultural machines. A strategy has been developed that takes into account the wear rate of each specific part and the culling is carried out taking into account the wear rate of each part individually. Parts with a high wear rate are rejected first, and parts with a low wear rate are the last.

ИНТЕРАКТИВНАЯ СИСТЕМА 3D ДЛЯ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ ПРИ РЕМОНТЕ АВТОТРАКТОРНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

The development of scientific hypotheses and approaches to improve the strategy of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery is becoming one of the most relevant areas in the agro-industrial complex, since it is of paramount importance in the technical support of the machine and tractor fleet throughout the entire life cycle of machines. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the methods of searching for defects of internal combustion engine on the example of the connecting rod of the tractor engine K-744. (Materials and methods) The study of methods and means of controlling parts of automotive internal combustion engines during defects and repairs are conducted. Authors developed an automated interactive system with software for monitoring these parameters on the example of the connecting rod of the K-744 tractor engine. The article proposes a new maintenance strategy based on the use of multiple tolerances, each tolerance corresponding to a certain wear rate of the part. As a result of this strategy, the failure rate is significantly reduced and the average service life increases. (Results and discussion) The article presents the experimental data on the wear of the surface of the lower connecting rod head by the angle of rotation of the internal meter. Measurements were carried out on a special installation consisting of a controlled connecting rod of the YaMZ, an internal measuring device of the NI brand-75-100-1, two metal washers with a diameter of 93 and a thickness of 7 millimeters and a micrometer of 0-100 mm, designed for calibration of the internal measuring device. (Conclusions) The experimental dependences of the surface wear of the lower connecting rod head on the angle of rotation of the internal meter for different connecting rods in three sections in height at an equal distance between themselves are 13, 20 and 27 millimeters in height of the lower connecting rod head.

ДІАГНОСТИКА І ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНЕ ОБСЛУГОВУВАННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ МАШИН, ЩО ВИКОРИСТОВУЮТЬСЯ В АГРОПРОМИСЛОВОМУ КОМПЛЕКСІ

The article considers the current state of the system of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery, shows the analysis of the existing system and its impact on the economic efficiency of production in the agro-industrial complex. The current state of instrumentation, electronics and computer technology can significantly increase and expand the possibilities of both diagnosing and forecasting based on it. The combination of these capabilities with the progress of agricultural machinery ensures its reliable, highly productive and economical operation. It is established that of great importance in the production of crop and livestock products is the qualified use of agricultural machinery, including its diagnosis, maintenance and technological maintenance and repair. The quantity and quality of the received production, its competitiveness, labor costs, fuel consumption and degree of influence on environment depend on quality and timeliness of carrying out service – diagnostics at technical and technological service. Improving the use of agricultural machinery and reducing the cost of its operation provides the use of technical diagnostics of machines as an information basis for the management of maintenance and repair processes. The practice of using diagnostic tools indicates the possibility of reducing operating costs. This is achieved by increasing the actual resource used, reducing the number of repairs and saving spare parts. To effectively apply existing diagnostics and development of new, engineering and technical workers of agricultural enterprises must have knowledge that reveals the fundamental side of the diagnosis. Measures of preventive influences which provide maintenance of necessary indicators of reliability and working capacity of cars during time of use are executed on a scientific basis, practical use and research of processes of wear and other deviations of details are developed.