Rental Housing Research Articles

신속통합기획 정비사업 활성화를 위한 제도개선 방안 연구

This study analyzed the current status and characteristics of Seoul's improvement projects and especially the current status and cases of implementation of ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’ for the purpose of deriving institutional improvements and presenting policy directions for the vitalization of ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained. First, about 25,000 housing units will be supplied in Seoul through the introduction of ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’. Second, 21 ‘private redevelopment candidate sites’ were selected in the first phase of the ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’, but it took a little longer than expected by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. Third, the ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’ is promoted mainly for redevelopment project, and the participation in reconstruction project is withheld or withdrawn due to rental housing, etc. Fourth, in areas where ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’ was selected, it became possible to select a construction company after the establishment of the association. Fifth, it is necessary to improve the evaluation index reflecting the various characteristics of the target area. As described above, in order to achieve the policy goal of ‘Rapid Integrated Planning’, it is necessary to target areas in the blind spot of the improvement projects due to declining business feasibility and conflicts with residents. In addition, efforts to discover and promote institutional improvement and support systems from the perspective of residents should be supported.

지속가능한 공공임대주택을 위한 가구특성 유형화 연구

Public rental housing types have been integrated recently and housing benefit support has been expanded as part of a housing stabilization support policy. Against this background, it is necessary to reinterpret the number and type of households living in public rental housing for sustainable public rental housing. This study focused on household type and used the 2016-2019 public rental housing panel data of the SH Urban Research&Insight. Based on the result of clustering according to household characteristics using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and analyzing the cluster type predictive factors using multinomial logistic regression, the characteristics of each cluster, which were categorized into four clusters, showed differences in the income type of the householder. Each cluster was named ‘earned income households’, ‘government transfer income households’, ‘social insurance income households’, and ‘general public households’. A study on the clustering according to household characteristics concluded that appropriate support should be provided for households that need customized benefit support. There is also a need for a rental type that allows elderly households with no income to live stably for a long time without the burden of monthly rent. In addition, it was derived that financial support measures should be prepared for practical housing stability specifically for those considered financially vulnerable.

Housing policies by young people, not for young people. Experiences from a co-creation project in Amsterdam

For young adults on the Amsterdam housing market the accessibility of housing has been decreasing for years, due to soaring house prices and rents, the shrinkage and residualization of the social rental sector, and the precarization of the labor market. Consequently, many young people struggle to secure an affordable and adequate dwelling and are stuck in insecure and chaotic housing pathways. Current housing policies in Amsterdam are struggling to effectively respond to these challenges. In an effort to better understand and address the specific housing problems of young people, the Municipality of Amsterdam, housing association Lieven de Key, resident organization !Woon, Delft University of Technology and a group of local young people have started a co-creation process within the framework of the H2020 UPLIFT project. The goal of this co-creation process is to unravel the real-life experiences of young people and to co-create new or improved policy initiatives with them. This paper examines the results of said policy co-creation process in order to evaluate its methodology as well as its impact on the participating actors - young people in particular - and on the policymaking approach. We analyze the benefits and limits of this type of participatory practice in addressing housing issues and try to draw conclusions on its applicability in a larger context.

A Study on the Activation of Small Library in Public Rental Housing by Analysis of Current Operation Status

In this study, the researcher intend to analyze the operation status of small library in public rental housing and to investigate actual operation case to identify sustainable operation directions in the future. First, LH investigated based on data from the survey on the operation status of small libraries in construction-type public rental housing complexes as of January 2022. This data analyzed the operation status of small libraries according to the characteristics of rental housing complexes(housing type, location, time of completion, number of household, exclusive area of small library). Next, an interview was conducted with one best practices of small library. The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a difference in the activation of the operation of small libraries according to the rental housing type, location, and exclusive area of small library. The demand for coordinator and remodeling was also different. 2) Small library can be used as community integration platform space. Through this space, the effect of improving the perception of public rental housing was shown. 3) Various support policies are needed to revitalize the operation of small library. The following are necessary: professional coordinator, support for operating expenses, expansion of operating hours, improvement of residents

Identifying rental discrimination on the Flemish housing market: an intersectional approach

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify rental discrimination on the Flemish rental housing market in Belgium, taking the intersectional nature of discrimination into account. Most discrimination studies focus on unequal access based on one individual discrimination ground. This practice eludes the context of the other discrimination grounds in which rental discrimination occurs and neglects the intersectional nature of discrimination. We therefore conducted 8.245 correspondence tests in almost all municipalities in Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. We apply an intersectional lens, by considering the relation and interaction between gender (male/female), ethnic origin (Moroccan/Polish) and the homogeneity of names (homogenous/mixed). We find four strata of rental discrimination, in which Moroccan female rental candidates with a homogenous name experience most discrimination, indicating that multiple categorical identities enforce each other. Without a full intersectional approach, these layered patterns of exclusion would have been hidden behind the bold boundaries of ethnic or gender categorizations.

Analysis of News Regarding on Shared Housing Using Text Mining Techniques

This study was conducted to explore the development direction of shared housing as a sustainable housing product by exploring the perception of shared housing and related words through Big data analysis and examining the correlation between keywords. Data was collected using Big Kinds, a news search service, and sentiment analysis, text mining analysis, N-gram and network analysis, and CONCOR analysis were performed using TEXTOM and UCINET, which are Big data analyses programs. As a result of the analysis. First, shared housing began to be introduced as a new housing type in late 2010 and began to be supplied in earnest in 2013. Second, the sensibility for shared housing has a liking and interest in the new space, but there is also a sense of rejection of living together. Third, as a result of keyword frequency analysis, the frequency of occurrence of related keywords indicating the residence of shared housing such as youth and single-person households and keywords indicating the characteristics of youth housing policy projects was high. Fourth, CONCOR analysis found significant four cluster characteristics: ‘Share house’, ‘Co-living’, ‘Remodeling social housing’, and ‘Young people rental housing’.

An Analysis of Residential Environmental Features Affecting Residential Satisfaction of the Single-Parent Households in Public Rental Housing

The purpose of the study was to examine residential environment factors contributing to enhance residential satisfaction and quality of life of single-parent households living in Public rental housing in Seoul. For the research methods, the study examined the difference in the residential environment satisfaction according to the household type and housing type through an independent sample t-test, and analyzed the residential environments factors, which significantly affect the residential satisfaction of single-parent households, through Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1) Rather than the type of household, the type of housing affects the perceived satisfaction with residential environment; therefore, It is necessary to establish residential environments plan to improve single-parent households’ quality of life. 2) The enhancement of residential satisfaction of single-parent households is significantly related to the perceived satisfaction with outdoor environment, locational environment, and social environment among the factors of residential environment. Moreover, the more active social interaction with neighbor and the higher the quality of external housing environment is provided, the significantly higher the perceived residential satisfaction of single-parent households becomes. The study result implies that the social support to encounter neighbors and psychologically comfort need to be considered in residential environments to improve the quality of life of single-parent households.

Characteristics of the Shared Supportive Housing in Busanjin-gu as the Leading Self–governing District for Community Care of Elder Residents

Supportive housing has been attempted as a new model in the face of continuously increasing housing welfare problems. There are many challenges for development such as policy support, housing supply and planning directions. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the characteristics of the elderly-supportive shared housing. To diagnose the supportive housing, Tabol et al’s discriminatory criteria were used. Research methods were literature review and field visit survey, and in-depth interview. As results, Doran-doran House, the first shared public rental house exclusively planned for the elderly in Korea, has barrier-free spaces to support the lives of the vulnerable elderly, without providing tailored services. Thereby, it is appropriate at the previous stage, rather than considered as a real supportive housing. On the other hand, Ieum house is a case where the elderly moved in to immediately overcome previous poor housing condition. Although Ieum house has been remodeled from old one, still with many obstacles for aging. In conclusion, both residential environments can be called ‘supportive housing’ in a broad sense, however, these could not be the conventionally defined. The former could be called as a pre-supportive housing, while the latter as a transitional supportive housing. The housing cases have significances as they could stimulate discussions for fast aging Korean context.

Displaced and unsafe: The legacy of settler-colonial racial capitalism in the U.S. rental market

ABSTRACT Unsafe rental units are disproportionately located in communities of color, resulting in numerous detrimental effects for residents’ health and socioeconomic well-being. Yet, scholars disagree regarding the mechanisms driving this phenomenon. Exogenous capitalism theories emphasize socioeconomic factors while setter-colonial racial capitalism theories emphasize the racist policies and practices that incentivize unequal investment and maintenance. We empirically adjudicate between these mechanisms by merging restricted-access versions of the American Housing Survey, the Rental Housing Finance Survey, and the American Community Survey at a Census Restricted Data Center. Our findings demonstrate neighborhood White proportion is a key mechanism shaping the condition of rental units even when controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic status, property features, and renter demographics. We argue these results support settler-colonial racial capitalism theories and discuss the implications of these findings for future research and housing policy.

How does future climatic uncertainty affect multi-objective building energy retrofit decisions? Evidence from residential buildings in subtropical Hong Kong

Energy consumption of and carbon emissions from buildings, which substantially depend on outdoor climate conditions, may be susceptible to future climate change. However, how future climatic uncertainties affect decision-making regarding building energy retrofits is unclear from the life-cycle analysis perspective. This study used typical high-rise public rental housing buildings in subtropical Hong Kong as a case study to consider future climatic uncertainties under representative concentration pathway scenarios and in different general circulation models to estimate their effect on multi-objective building retrofit decisions considering trade-offs among different objectives, namely, life-cycle economics, life-cycle carbon emissions, and operational energy use impacts. The results indicate the significant influence of future climatic uncertainties on the optimal values of building energy retrofit measures. The passive house infiltration standard and thick (0.06–0.1 m) polyurethane foam insulation can be recommended for long-term future climatic conditions (RCP8.5–2065s). By contrast, optimal values of glazing materials, horizontal shading projection factors, and window-to-wall ratio are not susceptible to future climatic uncertainties. Uncertainties from different general circulation models are another notable factor affecting optimal values and retrofit options. This study reveals the importance of considering future climatic uncertainties when deciding optimal values and selecting building energy retrofit options.

DIY可能賃貸住宅の特性とそれを取り扱う不動産業者の意向

This paper aims to find issue to increase the number of rental housing units that allow DIY, the characteristics of rental housing units that allow DIY and the intentions of real estate agents who handle these units were identified. In order to promote the spread of DIY-ready rental housing, it is necessary to establish a method for disclosing information about DIY at recruiting residents, establish the concept of Right to Request Purchase of Interior Decorations and Fixtures and the right to demand reimbursement of beneficial costs, create and present guidelines, develop a system for mediation and arbitration, and provide consumer education.

Out-of-school hours care places in Xi’an City of China: location choice, spatial relationships, and influencing factors

sAffected by the burden reduction policy, out-of-school hours care places have become a hot issue of social concern. Taking Xi’an out-of-school hours care places as a research case, this paper discusses its location choice, spatial relationships and influencing factors using methods such as text analysis, spatial analysis, and mathematical statistics. The results show that: (1) the distribution of out-of-school hours care places in Xi’an is closely related to the community and schools. The names mostly use words such as “sunshine,” “teacher,” and “love,” which are mainly distributed on the lower floors (one to three floors), of which the first floor accounts for the largest proportion. (2) The high-value areas of out-of-school hours care places are mainly concentrated in the Lianhu District, Yanta District, Xincheng District, and the north Chang’an District. Their distribution has obvious directionality, showing a “northeast-southwest” trend, and the global spatial autocorrelation is positively correlated. (3) The spatial pattern of out-of-school hours care places is basically consistent with that of primary and secondary schools, and most of them are located within 1000 m of it. (4) The influencing factors mainly include the distribution of primary and secondary schools, residential areas, population density, house rent, and policies.

Does inheritance taxation reform promote to build inexpensive rental housing?

The inheritance taxation reform of 2015 in Japan substantially increased the amount of tax levied on large inheritances. This potentially served as a good incentive for people to build inexpensive low-rise apartments for tax savings, which increased the number of low-cost apartments. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of inheritance taxation reform on housing rents. Using the difference-in-differences method, we reveal that the inheritance taxation reform decreased the housing rents of wooden or light steel-framed apartments by 1.3%. Moreover, our results indicate that while the rental of slightly older housings belonging to the treatment group decreased, the rental of new housing belonging to the treatment group did not change.

Private rental investment and socio‐spatial disadvantage in Sydney, Australia

AbstractThis article unpacks the connection between a growing cohort of small‐scale but purposive property investors and urban socio‐spatial restructuring. We analyse private rental housing as a tenure share to demonstrate its spatial correlation with the suburbanisation of socio‐economic disadvantage in Sydney, Australia, between 1991 and 2016. Then, we show how investors drive this emerging pattern by reference to the geography of property owners’ stated investment objectives—low capital outlay, rental yields, and capital growth prospects. We contend that the link between their small‐scale activities and the city’s changing socio‐spatial structure is an overlooked consequence of private rental sector (PRS) housing financialisation. Importantly, our focus on behaviours exhibited by small‐scale rental property owners in PRS financialisation transcends existing analyses that have concentrated on corporate entity activity in this space. That focus also contrasts with framings of private rental growth as a residual outcome of developments elsewhere in the housing market. Such work is significant because it demonstrates the impacts of real estate investment on urban form.

The Geography of Absence: Cities, Towns, and Suburbs with No LIHTC Housing

The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) is the largest affordable housing production program in the United States. The program has been the subject of some criticism because it has done an unimpressive job of placing low-income renter households in high-opportunity neighborhoods, especially in suburban jurisdictions. This research examines, at the municipal level, what kinds of communities do not contain LIHTC properties. Communities with no LIHTC properties are compared with places that include LITHC housing in terms of geographic, demographic, socioeconomic, and housing-stock characteristics. The analysis focuses on all municipalities in the US and those that grew in population and multifamily housing from 2010 to 2019. It finds that 72% of all municipalities, and 52% of all growing municipalities contain no LIHTC housing. A logit analysis of the factors that influence the likelihood that LIHTC housing is absent from a municipality finds that the most important predictors are population size, being a suburb in a large metropolitan area, and the percentage of rental and multifamily housing.

Public support for decarbonisation policies: Between self-interest and social need for alleviating energy and transport poverty in the United Kingdom

Policies for transitions to decarbonised energy and transport systems have implications for social welfare. Here we firstly investigate, via focus groups, public support for policies that have implications for energy and transport poverty in a country with a sizeable incidence of both, the United Kingdom (UK). We then examine which of the publics’ policy preferences concur with those of a wider group of expert stakeholders (n = 47), observing concurrence in the top choices of both for: (i) better public transport; mandating improved energy efficiency in (ii) rental housing and (iii) new homes; and (iv) expanding an income supplement scheme (such as the Warm Home Discount). While the public are relatively supportive of policy for electric vehicles, expert stakeholders see the shift to convergent electrification and digitalisation in domestic contexts as carrying risks for lower income households and those less digitally literate. We highlight that many of the public questioned view themselves as likely to be worthy of assistance, given the level of price inflation in the UK. We conclude that decarbonisation policies require careful attention not only to infrastructure, but to social welfare policy if they are to carry public support.

Investigating Tenant Selection Bias and Discrimination in the Enugu Metropolitan Residential Property Market, Nigeria

The rapid rise in Nigeria’s population has led to a corresponding increase in demand for rental housing prompting real estate investors to capitalize on the opportunity by providing private rental housing for the teeming population and offset government’s inability to provide adequate accommodation. As the source of income of a rented house is the tenant, it is important for the landlord or his agent to select the best possible tenant. This paper investigates the tenant selection criteria adopted by registered Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Enugu metropolis to identify the requirements for tenant selection and to examine the nature of bias and discrimination in their selection process with a view to determining the important criteria required of prospective tenants in securing a rental accommodation. The study adopts a survey research method. Structured questionnaires were administered to 44 registered real estate firms in Enugu metropolis. Data collected were analyzed using Relative Importance Index (RII) to rank tenant selection criteria. Findings revealed that though important tenant selection criteria such as employment/occupation (0.9758), nature of employment (0.9635), and ability to pay rents (0.9592) rank 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively, bias and discrimination factors such as ethnicity (0.8976), family size (0.8863), marital status (0.8757), and religion (0.8571) rank 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th respectively. Thus, there is a significant level of bias and discrimination in tenant selection in Enugu metropolis residential property market. The study recommends enactment of legislation that outlines the criteria to adopt when selecting tenants which is devoid of all forms of bias and discrimination, national re-orientation of citizens against ethnic bias which is the predominant form of bias in tenant selection, and enlightenment of landlords and property managers on the consequences of bias in tenant selection.

Does work from home reshape the urban rental structure? Early evidence from a rental gradient analysis in Auckland

PurposeThis study aims to identify the pandemic’s impact on house rents by applying a rental gradient analysis to compare the pre-and post-COVID-19 periods in Auckland. The micro-level household census data from the Integrated Data Infrastructure of Statistics New Zealand is also applied to scrutinise this WFH trend as a robustness check.Design/methodology/approachSince the outbreak of COVID-19, work-from-home (WFH) and e-commerce have become much more common in many cities. Many news reports have contended that households are leaving city centres and moving into bigger and better houses in the suburbs or rural areas. This emerging trend has been redefining the traditional theory of residential location choices. Proximity to central business district (CBD) is no longer the most critical consideration in choosing one’s residence. WFH and e-commerce flatten the traditional bid rent curve from the city centre.FindingsThe authors examined micro-level housing rental listings in 242 suburbs of the Auckland Region from January 2013 to December 2021 (108 months) and found that the hedonic price gradient models suggest that there has been a trend of rental gradient flattening and that its extent was almost doubled in 2021. Rents are also found to be increasing more in lower-density suburbs.Research limitations/implicationsThe results imply that the pandemic has accelerated the trend of WFH and e-commerce. The authors further discuss whether the trend will be a transient phenomenon or a long-term shift.Practical implicationsSuppose an organisation is concerned about productivity and performance issues due to a companywide ability to WFH. In that case, some standard key performance indicators for management and employees could be implemented. Forward-thinking cities need to focus on attracting skilful workers by making WFH a possible solution, not by insisting on the primacy of antiquated nine-to-five office cultures.Social implicationsWFH has traditionally encountered resistance, but more and more companies are adopting WFH policies in this post-COVID era. The early rental gradient and the micro-level household data analysis all confirm that the WFH trend is emerging and will likely be a long-term shift. Instead of resisting the change, organisations should improve their remote work policies and capabilities for this WFH trend.Originality/valueSo far, empirical studies of post-COVID urban restructuring have been limited. This study aims to empirically test such an urban metamorphosis by identifying the spatial and temporal impacts of COVID on house rental gradients in the Auckland Region, New Zealand. The authors apply rental gradient analysis to test this urban restructuring hypothesis because the method considers the spatial-temporal differences, i.e. a difference-in-differences between pre-and post-pandemic period against the distance measured from the city centre. The method can control for the spatial difference and the endogeneity involved.

Inflation and counter-inflationary policy measures: The case of Spain

Like in other European countries, several supply shocks (bottlenecks related to the end of the pandemic, tensions in international gas and oil prices, and war in Ukraine) have led to a rise in the inflation rate in Spain since March 2021. This has been amplified by the functioning of energy markets, especially electricity, and price increases have spread progressively to other sectors. As a result, the forecast average inflation in 2022 is 8.5%, similar to the Eurozone average. Until August 2022, Spain had a year-on-year inflation rate above this average, but the trend has changed: in October, inflation fell by 3.4 pp in Spain, while it had risen by 1.6 pp in the monetary union. Spain was the economy with the second lowest inflation. The authorities have adopted significant measures to reduce inflation, especially in energy (capping gas in the electricity market, limiting the gas price for consumers in the regulated tariff, lowering indirect taxes, or discounts for vulnerable households) and public transport and housing rents. Other measures include transfers to the most affected households and economic sectors to offset the effects of inflation. Despite this, weak nominal wage growth and the pass-through by firms of higher costs to their prices (maintaining or increasing profit margins) are leading to an unequal distribution of the effects of inflation, which wage earners mainly bear. Changing this situation should be the focus of economic policy from now on.

Austria: Policies dealing with the inflation crisis

Inflation in Austria started to rise from mid-2021 during recovery from the Corona crisis. The Russian invasion in Ukraine and the heavy increases in energy prices made things worse and brought inflation to over 10%. The government did not enter into direct formal negotiations with social partners but subsequent anti-inflation packages met many demands made by the social partners. The attempt to influence wage negotiations via a tax exemption for one-off payments failed as they were not widely used in collective agreements. One-off payments are not suitable to compensate for permanent real wage losses. Current wage negotiations are tougher than usual, requiring long negotiation rounds including the thread of industrial action. The policy of unions to base their demand on past inflation allows for a substantial delay in nominal wage increases. The government has not yet included more direct measures to fight high inflation, like direct price controls, changes to the design of markets, or reforms of the automatic housing rent indexation. The wage setting system in Austria is still working but it will remain difficult to reach agreements, especially as a substantial part of the real wage losses has to be recovered over the coming years. A stronger use of regulatory measures and direct public involvement in the energy, housing and potentially the food price sector might be required if the current energy supply crisis and the transformation to a low carbon economy should be managed successfully in the future.