Renewed Contact Research Articles

On the Paratexts of Early French Maritime Dictionaries (1670s–1770s): A Diachronic Study

This article arises from my work on aspects of a voyage narrative published in 1773 by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre (occasioning for me the pleasure of renewed contact with Margaret Sankey). It treats the topic, little examined by modern scholarship, of early French maritime dictionaries. Beginning with their emergence in the 1670s, I identify over the next hundred years six nautical dictionaries, of which two are bilingual. Each opens with one or more authorial paratexts—principally some form of preface—which constitute the main object of study here. They exhibit over this period considerable sociological and ideological changes. The subgenre itself latterly also shows signs of change.

Editorial Universidad Nacional and the Covid-19 Pandemic

The actions of the Editorial Universidad Nacional during the pandemic are analyzed. Thus, six strategies developed by this university press to counteract the effects of the crisis are defined and explained; namely, the accelerated incorporation of the digital paradigm, the promotion of creative writing, the design of new dissemination and marketing models, the use of new publication formats, the renewed contact with their readership and the debate around cultural policies and the reactivation of the sector. Opportunities for improvement and other challenges are discussed in the conclusion.

Extrusion and rarefaction of lubricant in boundary layer is the key processes of adhesive wear of highly loaded tribocontacts

A comprehensive analysis of the Adhesion-Deformation, Elasto-hydrodynamic and Hydrodynamic friction models is presented, which describe different modes of lubrication in accordance with the Stribeck curve. The main provisions of these models are considered in conjunction with the Langmuir-BET theory of adsorption and Hertz's elastic-deformation theory of curvilinear contacts. It is shown that the revealed contradictions require their resolution, and the discovered multiple effects need a scientifically based interpretation. It is proposed to develop a more generalized model of friction and wear based on naturally occurring processes that have been hidden from direct observations for a long time. These are: Extrusion of lubricating layers in the convergent elastically deformed and Rarefaction in divergent elastically deformed regions of tribo-contacts. Understanding these processes makes it possible to predict the localization sites and causes of the occurrence of primary subsequent acts of adhesion of friction surfaces and their wear in the following cycle: “rarefaction and desorption of lubricating layers, which leads to deformation destruction of oxide films and adhesion of juvenile surface areas, after which to tearing of a fragment material from the bearing and the neoplasm of the protrusion on the shaft - in the divergent elastically deformed areas of the contact. Then microcutting by this fragment of the bearing surface occurs with the release of the wear product in the convergent elastically deformed region, which accordingly leads to a change in the actual geometry and tension of the tribo-contact. Further, in other areas of the renewed contact, adhesive interaction occurs in other divergent areas according to the same mechanism. A deep understanding of the reasons for the desorption of lubricating layers will make it possible to develop and apply new highly efficient technological and material science methods in order to increase the resource of highly loaded tribo-systems of machines and mechanisms.

How parents express their worry in calls to a medical helpline: a mixed methods study

BackgroundTelephone triage is used globally in out-of-hours primary care, to prioritize who needs urgent assessment. Even though children rarely are severely ill, calls about sick children are among the most prevalent, mainly due to parental worry. Pediatric calls are considered challenging, as the call-handler must rely on parents’ second-hand information. We aimed to investigate if parents’ worry can be used as a predictor of severe illness, and if the content of the calls varies between different grades of worry.MethodsIn a convergent mixed methods study design we asked patients to rate their degree-of-worry before talking to a call-handler. We used quantitative data of degree-of-worry, triage- and patient outcome in pediatric calls (n = 2857), and the qualitative content from 54 calls with subsequent hospitalization ≥24 h.ResultsHigh degree-of-worry was associated with hospitalization ≥24 h (OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.53–7.21). Qualitative findings both confirmed and expanded knowledge of degree-of-worry. Worry was the predominant cause for contact overall, and was mainly triggered by loss-of-control. In calls with high degree-of-worry, the prevalence of loss-of-control was especially high, and the parents had additionally often contacted healthcare services recently. Parents with a foreign accent often rated their worry as high, and these callers were often ignored or interrupted. Calls with low degree-of-worry seemed to occur early during the disease.ConclusionHigh degree of parental worry was associated with severe illness. At the end of calls, call-handlers should ensure that the parent has regained control of the situation to reach increased reassurance and to prevent renewed unnecessary contact. Safety-netting is crucial, as many parents made contact early during the illness and deterioration may develop later. The scoring of parental degree-of-worry may be used as an indicator of potentially severe illness and can easily be implemented at out-of-hours call-centers globally.Trial registrationOriginal study registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02979457).

Dr. Louise Eisenhardt's personal notes: how she and Dr. Cushing collected data and followed patients.

Dr. Louise Eisenhardt was one of the first neuropathologists and was responsible for the development of tumor diagnosis guidelines. This historical vignette reviews her previously unseen handwritten notes in which she describes methods used by her and Dr. Harvey Cushing to obtain patient follow-up data for their Brain Tumor Registry. Her description spans 50 years, using "every possible clue to be jumped upon in [their] clinical records and correspondence." Their follow-up was divided into two periods: early follow-up (1912-1932) and registry (1933-1961). During early follow-up, patients were asked to write to them on the anniversary of their operation. The foundation of the registry necessitated the use of "considerable effort on [their] part to gather up old threads" including renewed contact with patients after 15-20 years. Methods of follow-up included continued verbal and written correspondence with patients and "strong-arm methods," including use of the Fuller Brush man and the exhumation of a body. Drs. Eisenhardt and Cushing believed "every case was important in adding to our collective knowledge of various types of tumors particularly in relationship to life expectancies and suggesting improvement in surgical treatments." Dr. Eisenhardt's meticulous record keeping allows for insights into the first known outcomes-related tumor registry in neurosurgery.

Disease severity of ambulance patients with non-specific diagnoses

Emergency department (ED) and emergency medical services (EMS) contacts are increasing and one third of ED patients receive non-specific diagnoses (ICD-10 chapters R ‘symptoms and signs’ and Z ‘other factors’). We hypothesize that non-specific diagnoses may be assigned to 1) frail patients with potentially serious conditions presenting with unclear symptoms and 2) patients with unclear symptoms due to low disease acuity or severity. Thus, in EMS patients discharged with non-specific diagnoses, we investigated renewed contacts within 30 days, changes in diagnoses and corresponding changes in 30-day mortality.
 Observational cohort study of patients brought to hospital after emergency call and discharged with an ICD-10 chapter Z or R diagnosis during 2016-2018 in the North Denmark Region. Mortality and renewed contacts (new contact within 30 days) were modelled by Poisson regression. Comorbidity groups was determined according to Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI).Of 73783 EMS patients with hospital contact following an 1-1-2 emergency call, 32% (N=24229) were assigned a non-specific diagnosis upon discharge. Median age 56.0 years (32.7;73.1), 48.9% were female and 65.7% had no comorbidity (CCI=0), 25.9% had moderate (CCI= 1-2) and 8.4% had high comorbidity (CCI: 3-). Mortality within 30 days was 2.9% and 2095 patients had a renewed contact. Of these, 59.8% received a specific ICD-10 diagnosis; circulatory (17.5%), injury/poisoning (12.0%), mental/behavioral (11.1%), respiratory (8.2%) and digestive diseases (6.2%). In renewed contacts, patients with different diagnoses had more than a twofold increase in 30-day mortality (adjusted RR (95%CI)): 2.52 (1.27-4.98), higher mean age (58.3 vs. 54.2) and high comorbidity was more frequent (14.9% vs. 7.7%) when compared to patients with non-specific diagnoses.
 One third of included patients were assigned a non-specific diagnosis, and less than 10% had renewed contact within 30 days. Compared to patients with a non-specific diagnosis, patients given a specific ICD-10 diagnosis upon renewed contact had more comorbidity and more than a twofold increase in adjusted mortality risk. The most frequent specific diagnoses for renewed contact were circulatory diseases, injury/poisoning and mental/behavioral disorders. Most emergency ambulance patients with non-specific diagnoses had low mortality and no renewed contact, however 5% had potentially serious underlying conditions and high mortality.

“And all Hell Broke Loose”: How Child Maintenance Regulations Contribute to Re-actualizing Intimate Partner Violence between Separated Parents in Sweden

This study examines recent changes in Swedish regulations for child maintenance in relation to post-separation families with experiences of either intimate partner violence (IPV) or conflict. The reform limited the possibility to rely on the state for maintenance in cases of cooperation difficulties. For IPV cases, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) can function as an intermediary between parents, but such exceptions are made upon assessment and require disclosure of IPV. This study investigates consequences of the maintenance reform and the ways in which it may re-actualize conflict and IPV between separated parents. Data consist of 649 recorded phone calls (~ 55 h) to the SSIA concerning maintenance. Disclosures of post-separation conflict or IPV were found in 132 of these calls; these calls were analyzed using thematic analysis. The maintenance reform’s requirement to reinstate contact with a former partner can re-actualize experiences of parental conflict as well as IPV by (a) re-surfacing physical or psychological abuse; (b) continued or accelerated cooperative difficulties; (c) renewed financial control; and (d) ‘paper abuse’ and new possibilities to display diligence or exert camouflaged control. This can take the form of explicit acts of abuse, anxiety or concern caused by the renewed contact, or being forced to deal with difficult memories. We argue that the Swedish maintenance reform ignores the reality of parental conflicts and IPV by re-actualizing such experiences in a range of ways.

Why do infants need out-of-hospital emergency medical services? A retrospective, population-based study

BackgroundThe challenges encountered in emergency medical services (EMS) contacts with children are likely most pronounced in infants, but little is known about their out-of-hospital care. Our primary aim was to describe the characteristics of EMS contacts with infants. The secondary aims were to examine the symptom-based dispatch system for nonverbal infants, and to observe the association of unfavorable patient outcomes with patient and EMS mission characteristics.MethodsIn a population-based 5-year retrospective cohort of all 1712 EMS responses for infants (age < 1 year) in Helsinki, Finland (population 643,000, < 1-year old population 6548), we studied 1) the characteristics of EMS missions with infants; 2) mortality within 12 months; 3) pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions; 4) medical state of the infant upon presentation to the emergency department (ED); 5) any medication or respiratory support given at the ED; 6) hospitalization; and 7) surgical procedures during the same hospital visit.Results1712 infants with a median age of 6.7 months were encountered, comprising 0.4% of all EMS missions. The most common complaints were dyspnea, low-energy falls, and choking. Two infants died on-scene. The EMS transported 683 (39.9%) infants. One (0.1%) infant died during the 12-month follow-up period. Ninety-one infants had abnormal clinical examination upon arrival at the ED. PICU admissions (n = 28) were associated with young age (P < 0.01), a history of prematurity or problems in the neonatal period (P = 0.01), and previous EMS contacts within 72 h (P = 0.04). The adult-derived dispatch codes did not associate with the final diagnoses of the infants.ConclusionsInfants form a small but distinct group in pediatric EMS care, with specific characteristics differing from the overall pediatric population. Many EMS contacts with infants were nonurgent or medically unjustified, possibly reflecting an unmet need for other family services. The use of adult-derived symptom codes for dispatching is not optimal for infants. Unfavorable patient outcomes were rare. Risk factors for such outcomes include quickly renewed contacts, young age and health problems in the neonatal period.

Back to the Post-Communist Motherlands

This article presents some of the personal observations of a veteran Israeli scholar whose long-years' encounters with the 'real' as well as the 'imagined' eastern Europe have shaped his historical research. As an Israeli-born historian of Polish-Ukrainian origin, (the so-called 'second generation') he claims to share an ambivalent attitude towards his countries of origin with other fellow- historians. Jewish emigrants from eastern Europe have been until very late in the modern era members of an old ethno-religious group. One ethnos out of many in a diverse multi-ethnic environment, whose demographic core survived and flourished for centuries in the old places. Several decades of social, economic, and political upheavals exposed the Jewish population to drastic changes. These changes lead several intellectuals who left their home countries to look back at what have happened as both involved actors, and distant observers. Israeli historians of east European origin found themselves confronted with a crucial question: in what way the past in the Old Country connected (if at all) to the history of Israel. Following some 40 years of academic career in the field of eastern European Jewish history, it is claimed that until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the image of eastern Europe that runs through the Israeli historical research has been shaped in large part by members of the different generations of emigrants, outside of eastern Europe. The renewed direct contact after 1989 caused a dramatic change: within a few years, Israeli historians were examining archives and libraries throughout eastern Europe. After seven decades of isolation between the Israeli historian and the primary sources necessary to his/her research in the archives, the new wave of documents was celebrated in Israeli Universities. Yet far more influential was the revolution prompted in 1989 on the historical perspective from which Israeli historians could now examine the Jewish past. What happened in 1989 has seemed, to some Israeli historians, a breaking point marking the end of the eastern European period in the course of Jewish history. The article concludes with some thoughts on a new historical (Israeli) perspective. A one that fits a time when hundreds of thousands of immigrants from what was the largest eastern-European Jewish collective in the world inhabit a remote Middle Eastern nation-state.&#x0D;

Niche relocated by muscle contraction

Stem Cell Biology Regulation of adult stem cells by their microenvironment, or niche, is essential for tissue homeostasis and for regeneration after injury and during aging. Normal regression of hair follicles during the hair cycle poses a particular challenge for maintaining a functional proximity of stem cells to their niche, especially the specialized mesenchymal cells of the dermal papilla. Using mice as a model organism, Heitman et al. demonstrate that the follicle dermal sheath is an active smooth muscle that drives tissue remodeling through coordinated cell contraction, enabling renewed contact between the dermal papilla and hair follicle stem cells during hair follicle regression. This biomechanical mechanism of niche relocation may be utilized in other stem cell niche systems. Science , this issue p. [161][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aax9131

Dermal sheath contraction powers stem cell niche relocation during hair cycle regression.

Tissue homeostasis requires the balance of growth by cell production and regression through cell loss. In the hair cycle, during follicle regression, the niche traverses the skin through an unknown mechanism to reach the stem cell reservoir and trigger new growth. Here, we identify the dermal sheath that lines the follicle as the key driver of tissue regression and niche relocation through the smooth muscle contractile machinery that generates centripetal constriction force. We reveal that the calcium-calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase pathway controls sheath contraction. When this pathway is blocked, sheath contraction is inhibited, impeding follicle regression and niche relocation. Thus, our study identifies the dermal sheath as smooth muscle that drives follicle regression for reuniting niche and stem cells in order to regenerate tissue structure during homeostasis.

French translation and cultural adaptation of a questionnaire for patients with hip or knee prosthesis

IntroductionThe Kingsbury questionnaire offers the possibility of follow-up by means of an X-ray and a simple questionnaire sent to the home address of the patient, who will not need to come in consultation if there are no problems. The questionnaire detects any anomaly in follow-up. In case of anomaly in the questionnaire or radiograph, the patient is contacted and/or seen again, as appropriate. The Kingsbury questionnaire has had no transcultural validation, and we therefore conducted a prospective study in order to 1) translate into French the questionnaire, previously validated in English; 2) adapt it for good understanding according to cultural habits; and 3) assess the translated version on a test-retest procedure. HypothesisThe study hypothesis was that the translated questionnaire would show good test-retest reproducibility. Material and methodsThe exact English version of the questionnaire was obtained directly from the authors of the index publication. A methodology of translation, back-translation and test-retest enabled assessment of the translation and of the reproducibility of the French version. The reference method of cultural adaptation of self-administered questionnaires and patient information documents was used. The questionnaire was tested prospectively. ResultsOne hundred patients were contacted, providing 73 clinical tests with radiographic validation and 48 complete test-retests in a representative population of total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). Internal coherence showed a KR-20 coefficient of 0.71 and Cronbach alpha of 0.76: e.g., good internal coherence. Item difficulty, requiring renewed contact, was low for all questions. Mean variance was low on the first 7 questions: 0.08 (range, 0.02–0.16). Correlation was close to 0.5 for each question. Analysis of reproducibility found excellent agreement (>90%) for the first 7 questions, which were binary; for question 8, agreement was good (83.3%) considering that there were 5 possible responses. For 19 of the 73 respondents, the questionnaire results indicated a need for further contact. After analysis of their radiographs, 4 needed to be seen in consultation again. The other 15 had unfavorable responses but without deterioration since the last classical consultation or any radiologic abnormality consultation, and were not called back for consultation. ConclusionThe French version of the Kingsbury questionnaire provided reproducible assessment, avoiding the need to call the patient back for consultation unnecessarily. The questionnaire needs validating in a larger sample before being widely used: the present study was just a first step. Level of evidenceIV, Prospective without control group.

Roland Carter and Leonhard Adam: Friendship in the Preservation of Ngarrindjeri Knowledge and Cultural Heritage

Focused around a 1929 publication of accounts of Ngarrindjeri history and culture provided by prisoner of war, Roland Carter, in Wünsdorf, Germany in 1918, to jurist and ethnographer, Leonhard Adam, this article examines the function of social connection, and dislocation, in the preservation of cultural heritage. In 1940, Adam was interned in Australia as an enemy alien. In 1947 the men briefly renewed contact, but, it seems, never met. This story of friendship and of shared interests demonstrates the labile and resilient nature of social connection as a mechanism in cultural heritage preservation.

‘A project to establish joy’: Jean Giono, happiness and the framing of environmentalism

ABSTRACTThis essay combines ecocritical and eudaimonic (happiness-oriented) reading strategies to consider the French writer Jean Giono’s fiction from the 1930s. Making (un)happiness its central problem, Giono’s therapeutic novel explores how disconnection from nature causes misery and hypothesises ways in which renewed contact with non-human nature can in turn enhance human well-being. Giono’s eco-centred understanding of happiness, I argue, points forward to present-day debates and arguments about the nature of happiness. In addition, it provides inspiration for an alternative and potentially more effective strategy by which the necessity and desirability of pro-nature concern and behaviour can be framed.

Gaza Mental Health Organization Carries On Despite Obstacles

Gaza Mental Health Organization Carries On Despite Obstacles

Women and Islamism in Israel

Women and Islamism in Israel Suheir Abu Oksa Daoud (bio) This article explores the rise of Islamism in Israel, reviews its effect on women’s status and their public roles, and examines the different ways women participate in the movement.1 It also examines the interrelationship of nationalism, feminism, and Islamism in Palestinian women’s experiences in the public sphere as part of an ethnic minority in a Jewish state. I argue that facing state challenges, as well as Palestinian secular parties, the Islamic Movement in Israel (Al-Haraka al-Islamiyya, subsequently referred to as the im) has adopted a contradictory policy toward gender issues; it invokes modernism and yet it emphasizes religiosity/traditionalism. A second argument is that while “fundamentalism” and patriarchy support each other and the combination has a negative impact on women’s activism, my research shows that women in the im were mobilized and the public-private dichotomy was cracked open; women were mobilized in the public arena but they remained largely invisible from positions of power in the movement. I examine multiple subjects including im women in politics, the feminist-nationalist debate, polygamy and fertility, and the hijab to show how traditional/religious values of the im survive and yet have been shaken by the wave of modernization that has been influencing the movement. The result: contradictions in the movement’s practices and discourses. While the 1980s saw an increase in the study of the Palestinian minority in Israel, research on the women of this minority continued to be highly marginalized. There has been a scarcity of research on women’s activism in the im and their voices have been silent. This essay is aimed at taking the first steps to examine this important topic. The article is based on my previous research, available literature, im publications, and in-depth interviews conducted between 2013 and 2015 with im female activists, Palestinian Muslim and non-Muslim activists, policy makers, [End Page 21] and religious leaders in Israel, to examine the different forms of their social involvement and activism.2 An examination of the role of Palestinian women in the im in Israel has to be framed within the larger national political context of being a part of an ethnic, national, and religious minority in a Jewish state, and the different factors—stemming from four circles: Muslim, Arab, Palestinian, and Israeli—that form the identity of the im.3 Historically, Palestinian women were activists long before the Nakba (the Palestinian catastrophe), but their connection to that legacy was shockingly severed after the 1948 war. In Israel the dramatic historical-national-political circumstances delayed Palestinian women’s activism and the rebirth of women and feminist organizations in Israel.4 Further, Israel’s new government viewed the remaining Palestinian minority as a security risk and imposed military rule (1948–66). Palestinian citizens endured military restrictions and regulations and were prohibited from forming political organizations outside the Zionist parties. The Muslim Brothers (mb) who operated in Palestine prior to 1948 suffered a major setback; all their institutions in the newly formed Jewish state were shut down. The movement was suppressed and was unable to recover.5 Moreover, the Arab leadership fled, Palestinians in Israel were left without religious guidance or religious courts, and access to Islam was hindered.6 By Israeli law the Communist Party of Israel (later the Democratic Front for Peace and Equality, dfpe) was the only non-Zionist party that was allowed to function in Israel.7 An Islamic revival in Israel took place following the Israeli occupation of the West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Gaza Strip after the 1967 war. With renewed contact between Palestinians in Israel and Palestinians in the Occupied Territories, the Islamic Movement began penetrating the Triangle area in Israel.8 Several Israeli scholars argue that while Islamism in Israel is part of the general awakening of the 1970s Islamic revival in the Middle East, it has special characteristics. It is rooted in the particular experience of the Islamic Movement as part of an Arab minority in a Jewish state with clear Jewish political and cultural hegemony.9 Raphael Israeli suggests that Islamization was a way to escape the marginalization and hostility of...

Emergency patients receiving anaesthesiologist-based pre-hospital treatment and subsequently released at the scene.

The Mobile Emergency Care Unit in Odense, Denmark consists of a rapid response car, manned with an anaesthesiologist and an emergency medical technician. Eleven per cent of the patients are released at the scene following treatment. The aim of the study was to investigate which diagnoses were assigned to patients released at the scene following treatment, to investigate the need for secondary contact with the hospital and to assess mortality in patients released at the scene. All records regarding patients released at the scene from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010 were investigated. In each patient, diagnosis as well as any renewed contact with the Mobile Emergency Care Unit or the hospital within 24 h was registered. One thousand six hundred nine: patients were released at the scene. Diagnoses within the category 'examination and investigation' [International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) chapter XXI] represented the largest group of patients (28%). Diseases not elsewhere classified (ICD-10 chapter XVIII) including 'syncope and collapse' represented the second largest group of patients (24%). One hundred thirteen (7%) had a renewed contact with the Mobile Emergency Care Unit within 24 h. Of the 143 victims of traffic accidents, 19 (13%) required renewed contact with the emergency department and one required admission to hospital (0.7%). Of all 1609 patients, four died within 24 h of contact (0.2%). Patients treated and released at the scene presented poorly defined conditions. Ninety-three per cent of all cases required no secondary contacts with the health care system. However, caution should be exercised when releasing patients at the scene following traffic accidents.

Enthronement Rituals of the Princes of Rus’ (twelfth-thirteenth centuries)

This article examines the translation, transformation, and innovation of ceremonies of inauguration from the principality of Kiev to the principality of Vladimir-Suzdal’ and the city of Novgorod in the early Russian period (twelfth-thirteenth centuries). The ritual embellishment of inauguration ceremonies suggests a renewed contact between early Rus’ and Byzantium.

‘Rightful’ versus ‘real’ homelands: changing concepts of Kyrgyz boundaries and belonging on the China-Kyrgyzstan frontier

The collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s brought statehood to peoples in the Central Asian borderlands at the interface between the former Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. In the past two decades, the cautious opening of this once tightly sealed border has led to renewed contact between individuals of the groups sharing the ‘Kyrgyz’ ethnonym with other individuals from homologous groups who are now citizens of Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang Autonomous Region) and Tajikistan. This article focuses on how Kyrgyz groups beyond the territorial borders of their respective states regard their belonging to a wider Kyrgyz nation. Based on data gathered in anthropological fieldwork, I discuss these groups’ respective notions of meken (homeland) and chek-ara (borders) and place such narratives of inclusion and exclusion amongst Kyrgyz groups alongside local rhetoric of ethnic ascription, group affiliation and citizenship, and boundary marking in these borderlands.

McCarthy as Scientist and Engineer, with Personal Recollections

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, there were very few people actually doing AI research—mostly the handful of founders (McCarthy, Minsky, and Selfridge in Boston, Newell and Simon in Pittsburgh) plus their students, and that included me. Everyone knew everyone else, and saw them at the few conference panels that were held. At one of those conferences, I met John. We renewed contact upon his re-arrival at Stanford, and that was to have major consequences for my professional life.